Little knowledge of Wu drama

Wu Opera, commonly known as Jinhua Opera, is one of the local operas in Zhejiang Province.

With Jinhua as the center, it is popular in Jinhua, Lishui, Linhai, Jiande, Quzhou, Chun 'an, Yushan, Shangrao, Guixi, Poyang and Jingdezhen in the northeast of Jiangxi. It is composed of six tunes: Gaoqiang, Kunqiang, Luantan, Huizhou Opera, Tan Chun and Shidiao.

Because Jinhua was called Wuzhou in ancient times, 1949 was renamed Wuzhou. [Edit this paragraph] History of Wu Opera Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jinhua has always been a business district where salt and silk entered Jiangxi and lacquer and porcelain entered Zhejiang. Coupled with rich products, it has always been a place where various operas compete for beauty.

Yiwu cavity, which was popular in the middle of Ming Dynasty, was formed in Jinhua House (now Jinhua, Zhejiang Province) and belongs to Yiwu County. Gao Qiang and Kun Qiang in the late Ming Dynasty, Luantan Qiang in the early Qing Dynasty and Hui Opera in the middle of Qing Dynasty were all popular in Jinhua.

Gao Qiang can be divided into Houyang, Xiwu, Xi 'an and Songyang. Houyang Gaoqiang is popular in Dongyang and Yiwu. Some people think it may be a derivative of Yiwu Qiang, who is good at performing martial arts.

Xiwu Gaoqiang is named after setting up classes in Xiwu Village, North Township of Jinhua. Its singing is more euphemistic, simple and rolling than Xi 'an Gao Qiang, which is related to the elegant tune of Huichi. Xi's Angao accent is popular in Quzhou, and it was called "Xi" in ancient times, hence the name.

According to legend, it is closely related to Yiyang cavity, and some people think it may be the legacy of Xiping cavity. Its tone words are many but few, and it has the characteristics of one release.

The above three kinds, all of which are sung by one person, helped by others, played by gongs and drums, and tuned at will. Most high-pitched tunes are characterized by gongs and drums, regardless of strings, one person speaks, everyone is harmonious, and the tone is high and exciting.

The high-pitched tunes of Seibu and Songyang are accompanied by bands, which is a unique form of various high-pitched tunes in China. There are many high-pitched tunes, and different plays have their own sets.

Use long and short sentences for the first time. Rich repertoire, such as Huaiyin Ji, He Zhuoji, White Rabbit Ji and so on.

Kunqu Opera, commonly known as "Cao Kun" and "Jin Kun", is a branch of Kunqu Opera spread in Jinhua. As a result of long-term mobile performances in rural grass platforms and temple fairs, farmers are the main audience, the language is more popular, and the pursuit of plot twists and turns, singing is not limited to four-tone accent, mainly martial arts dramas, industrial dramas and major dramas.

After the Ming Dynasty, it has always been regarded as authentic among all the voices of Wu Opera. In fact, Kunqu Opera is a tributary of Quzhou (now Quxian) and Jinhua, and its language and tunes have been simplified or changed in combination with local customs, so it is called "Cao Kun".

At present, its repertoire is rarely performed, and some tunes are absorbed by the sweeping tune, such as "Kun Tou", "Xiao Taohong", "Shui Xin Ling" and "Shang Lu Gen". Random play, because the "random play classes" specializing in random play mostly come from Pujiang County, it is also called "Pujiang random play".

Fan Er, 357 and Lu Hua are the main singing tunes. In addition to Jinhua, Quzhou and Yanzhou (now Jiande, Zhejiang), its popular areas often perform in Changhua and Tonglu.

Second, who has the characteristics of singing in Northern Opera? Some people think that it originated from Western Qin Opera, while others think that it originated from Anhui's blowing and four-tone tune. 357 has the characteristics of southern opera singing, which belongs to early blowing.

Some people think that its formation is related to Huizhou, Siping and Taiping in southern Anhui. Reed flowers, on the other hand, originated from the genre of blowpipe, which is the legacy of Huizhou Opera.

According to the China Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Opera and Quyi, strumming refers to singing the four tones of "357", "Luhuadiao", "Fan Er" and "Bazi" in Wu drama. "357" and "Luhuadiao" evolved from Anhui "stone tablet cavity", with the flute as the main theme, gorgeous, smooth and stretched, with fewer words and more cavities, and then developed into a "stacked board" with more words and fewer cavities.

Fan Er is a tune that evolved from the spread of Shaanxi Opera to the south. It has developed into four different tunes in Wu Opera: Ruler, Coolie, Formal Worker and Fan, with different styles, such as inverted board, original board, flowing water, tight skin and overlapping board, which are wonderful and high respectively. There are also "back plate", "back dragon" and "original plate".

According to the nature of tunes, "Fan Er" is generally associated with "357", and "Lu Hua" is associated with "Bazi". There are many plays, such as Lu Trivia, the description of Shirley May and Pearl Shirt.

Anhui opera was introduced from southern Anhui. Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of Anhui people moved to Jinhua, mostly engaged in business, and Huizhou opera also flowed in with the commercial route. There are more than 30 local Huizhou classes in Jinhua and Quzhou, and only about 19 18 local courses have more than 10.

Huizhou Class of Five Dramas has its own style, which is dominated by ancient Huizhou tunes such as plucking, reed flowers and blowing cavity. Singing Xipi and Huanger, his performance is rough, bold, simple and healthy. His plays include The Second Palace, Famen Temple and Qinglong Club.

Among them, performance styles such as "burning fire" and "throwing water away" are rare in today's Pihuang dramas. Beach spring is said to have originated from the beach spring in Suzhou.

During the reign of Qianlong and Jiaqing (1936- 1820), Tan Chun, a folk art artist, took a singing class in Jinhua. Some people think that Tanquan was brought in by a flower boat girl who traveled between Quzhou and Lanjiang. First, there was an amateur singing class, and then it was transformed into a drama by Wu Opera artists, which became one of the voices of Wu Opera.

There are "Pujiang Beach Spring", "Lanxi Beach Spring" and "Dongyang Beach Spring". Plays include "Monks and nuns", "Broken Bridge" and "Peony Comes to Class".

After liberation, the traditional plays "Monks and nuns" and "Broken Bridge" have made new creations in script and performance. Time tune is the general name of popular folk operas since Ming and Qing Dynasties.

There are folk songs of Ming and Qing Dynasties, Nangong, Youtan and local minor. It is evolved from local folk songs, songs and dances, and it is a kind of voice that sings small plays of rural life. Plays include Walking in Guangdong, Selling Cotton Yarn, and Wang Po Scolding Chicken.

The above six vocal cords are not mixed in one play, but each vocal cord has several special plays. At first, Gao Qiang, Kun Qiang and Luantan were independently arranged, and later developed into combined classes with different combinations.

This troupe sings both high, Kun and Luan, commonly known as the "Trinity Class". Later, Anhui Opera was introduced to Jinhua, and some three-in-one classes abandoned high-pitched singing and sang Anhui Opera, while others sang Sanqu.

After that, it absorbed the tunes of spring and time on the beach. [Edit this paragraph] Overview of Wu Opera The traditional repertoire of Wu Opera is very rich, among which the more influential repertoires are: Golden Seal, Sun Bin, Pang Juan, Three Invited Pears, Broken Bridge, Tears of Stone and Peach Storm.

Wu drama is exaggerated, vivid, vivid and intense, and pays attention to martial arts. Literati drama is made by force. As the saying goes, "the martial arts drama is slow and the literary drama is broken." In the past, because there were no sleeves on costumes, the performances were mainly fingers and wrists, and the appearance and performance were similar to those of Dunhuang murals, which was unique.

Strange.

2. What does Wu Opera tell us?

Wu Opera, commonly known as Jinhua Opera, is one of the traditional local operas in China and Zhejiang Province.

Focusing on Jinhua area, it is popular in Jinhua, Lishui, Linhai, Jiande, Quzhou, Chun 'an and other places. It is composed of six tunes: Gaoqiang, Kunqiang, Luantan, Huizhou Opera, Tan Chun and Shidiao.

Because Jinhua was called Wuzhou in ancient times, it was renamed Jinhua in the 20th year of Yuan Zhizheng (1360). On June 7th, 2008, Wu Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

Wu Opera, commonly known as Golden Flower, is a kind of opera that integrates high-pitched tune, Kunqu Opera, random play, Huizhou Opera, Tanchun and Shidiao. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jinhua was called Wuzhou in ancient times and renamed Wu Opera.

The singing of Wu Opera is not so rigorous, because it has been performed on the grass-roots team in rural areas for a long time, paying attention to the rendering of feelings and atmosphere, and not paying attention to the kung fu of articulation. Even the lyrics of some qupai have become "pop songs", which can be freely applied in various plays. Some qupai, such as the appearance and exit of military commanders, only perform in music and simply stop singing.

Some people think that Kunqu Opera is related to Yiyang Wushu Class, and its performance and gongs and drums are different from those of Su Kun, but close to the high-pitched tune. Dahua Hall uses "throat rolling" (focusing on the total voice of the throat, rarely using the nasal cavity), and the melody of its qupai is slightly different from that of Su Kun, with less decoration. The vocals of Wu Opera are mainly divided into two categories: Fan Er and 357.

The second is to use the small suona or (Qu Di) and Banhu as the main accompaniment instruments, and use "Niu Tuqin" (also known as "King Kong Tuishi", which looks like Qin Liu). When singing, use dates (two sticks six or seven inches long) and sandalwood to beat the knot, and the door is often opposite.

Second, there are positive plates, flowing water, tight skin (loose plate) and other plates. According to the Gongdiao, the front panel can be divided into two types: two styles (1=C) and two styles (1=G), and the two styles can be divided into four styles: six-character, ruler, martial character and official character.

Generally speaking, the word "ruler" is bold and unconstrained, and the official palace is magnificent and sad. No.357 is mainly accompanied by dizi (Qu Di) and banhu, which can be divided into fast, medium, slow, high-pitched and formal.

It is a kind of singing method that changes from Qupai style to Banqiang style, with beautiful, soft and euphemistic tunes. Random play is lyric. Sing three, five and seven when you are happy, and sing two when you are excited and indignant. One bomb and two cavities are used together.

3. Understand China's traditional drama.

Original publisher: Li

I know little about China traditional opera.

A Brief Introduction to the Main Types of China Traditional Drama

1. Kunqu opera

Kunqu Opera, also known as "Kunqu Opera" and "Kunqu Opera", is an ancient opera. Originated in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, it became popular after the middle of Ming Dynasty. At that time, Kunqu opera was mostly used to sing legendary dramas. In addition to maintaining the characteristics of early Kunqu Opera, Nankun has formed many branches in China, such as Kunyi in the north, Xiang Kun, Chuankun and so on. Kunqu Opera, with its graceful and soft style, delicate and lyrical performance, singing and dancing, and rigorous program, is the representative of China classical operas.

2. High cavity

Gaoqiang is the general name of China traditional opera tune system. Because it originated in Yiyang, Jiangxi, it was originally named "Yiyang Opera" or "Yi Opera". It is characterized by simple performance, popular lyrics, high-pitched and exciting singing, one person singing while everyone is in harmony, and only golden drums are used to play festivals without orchestral accompaniment. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it has spread from Jiangxi to all parts of the country, and has formed high-pitched operas in different styles, such as Sichuan Opera, xiang opera Opera and Gan Opera.

3. Bangzi cavity

Bangzi Opera is the general name of a kind of opera vocal system. It originated from "Shaanxi Bangzi" at the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi, and is characterized by high-pitched and powerful singing and high-five with wooden bangzi. Then it developed eastward and southward, forming different forms of Bangzi cavity in different areas, such as Shanxi Bangzi, Hebei Bangzi, Henan Bangzi and Shandong Bangzi.

4. Peking Opera

Peking Opera, also known as "Pihuang", is composed of two basic tones, Xipi and Huanger. It also sings some local tunes (such as Liu Zi Opera and Blowing Opera) and Kunqu Qupai. 1840 was formed in Beijing and prevailed in 1930s and 40s. It is sometimes called "National Opera". It is still a big drama with national influence. It is the representative of China modern opera, with comprehensive business, mature performance and magnificent momentum. 7. Jin Opera 13. Sichuan opera

4. Have a little knowledge of drama

Brief introduction to drama) [drama; Play used to refer to traditional operas in China, and later it was used as a general term for traditional operas, dramas, operas, ballets and poetic dramas in China.

Greek drama refers to the stage performance art that achieves narrative purpose in the form of language, action, dance, music and puppet. The concept of drama in literature refers to the script created for drama performance, that is, the script.

There are various forms of theatrical performances, including drama, opera, ballet, musical, puppet show and so on. A comprehensive art with specific significance.

There are two meanings: in a narrow sense, it refers to a form of stage performance that started with ancient Greek tragedies and comedies, first developed in European countries, and then became popular all over the world. Drama in English and drama in China. Broadly speaking, it also includes the traditional stage performances of some countries and nationalities in the East, such as China's operas, Japanese kabuki, Indian classical dramas, and Korean singing operas.

The essence of drama In the 4th century BC, Aristotle expressed his understanding of the essence of drama in Poetics. He believes that all art is imitation, and drama is imitation of human behavior.

Two centuries later, India's first drama theory work, Dance Theory, also pointed out: "Drama is imitation." /kloc-after the 0/9th century, there have been different opinions about the essence of drama, including audience theory, conflict theory, radical change theory, situation theory and laboratory theory.

The audience said: identifying with the audience is a necessary condition and the essence of drama. French drama theorist F.

Sasai is the representative of this concept. He asserted that no matter what kind of drama works, it is for the audience. "Without the audience, there would be no drama", therefore, all the organs of drama must adapt to the audience's appreciation.

Conflict theory: represented by the French drama theorist Brent. At the end of 19, Bruntel pointed out that the stage is the place where people's conscious will is exerted, and the exertion of characters' conscious will is bound to encounter obstacles, and the subject must fight against them in order to overcome them, which constitutes a "will conflict", and the essence of drama lies in this.

American drama theorist J. H.

Lawson attributed the essence of drama to "social conflict in which consciousness and will play a role". He believes that because drama deals with social relations, people's conscious will is bound to be restricted by social inevitability, so the real drama conflict must be social conflict.

This concept can be expressed in one sentence: "There is no drama without conflict." Radical change theory: British drama theorist W.

Archer denied Brentre's "conflict" theory. He compared the novel with the drama, and thought that the novel was a "gradual" art, the drama was a "crisis" art, and the drama dealt with the drastic changes of people's fate and environment, which was the essence of the drama. Situation and laboratory theory: as early as18th century, French philosopher D.

Diderot once regarded "situation" as the basis of dramatic works. When Hegel talked about the characteristics of drama, he also linked "situation" with "conflict" and emphasized the ontological significance of situation.

J. existentialist philosopher and playwright. -P .

Sartre called his script "situational drama" and described the object of the drama as people's choice behavior in the situation. B.

Brecht regards drama as a scientific method and thinks that drama is a laboratory to test human behavior in a specific situation. This concept also defines the essence of drama from a specific angle.

The origin of drama 1. There are two kinds of music and dance theories: (1) the palace music and dance theory, which is about the miscellaneous knowledge of Lushuige written by Nalan Xingde in the Qing Dynasty: "When the clouds were full on the beam, it was an old man who talked about the changes of the immortals in the western regions, and the actors really started here." According to the fact that ancient music and dance were mostly dressed up with characters, Liu thought in the original play that "the dramatist originated from ancient music dancers ... and was similar to later operas".

In the book Primitive Music, Dance and Drama in China, the dramatic factors of primitive music and dance are often systematically investigated, and it is considered that "simple music and dance in primitive society is the predecessor of perfect drama". Zhou's A Long History of China's Plays traces the earliest source of China's plays to "Zhou Qin's Music and Dance".

(2) According to the ancient song and dance theory, the first sentence of "A General History of China Opera" edited by Zhang Geng and Guo Hancheng said: "The origin of China opera can be traced back to the songs and dances of primitive times." We know that all art originates from labor, and China's songs and dances are no exception.

Book classics. Shundian said, "Give a stone a blow and all animals will dance."

The so-called animal dance is not as mysterious as later Confucianism. It is said that even animals came to worship and dance when saints were alive. This kind of dance is played by knocking on stones or knocking on stones with hands. There were no drums at that time, so it was primitive. It was only later that drums appeared, and the so-called "drum dance" went further.

This dance may be a primitive religious ceremony before going hunting, or it may be a celebration ceremony after returning from hunting. The article "Ancient Music" says: "Emperor Yao made life and nature as joy, and nature as the sound of mountains and valleys, and sang for it, drumming with his skin, like the sound of jade of God, made all animals dance.

"This is a legend about ancient music and dance during the Warring States period. Through the description of this song and dance, we can see a scene of a primitive hunter hunting in the mountains: "While whistling, all kinds of pottery tools threatened the beast, so the beast ran away like a wolf and was finally arrested." The primitive artist "Zhi" (actually not one person, but all people at that time) created hunting dance according to the reality of life. At this time, the so-called "beast"

Of course, at this time, the scenes are artistic, and the music and dance are rhythmic. This kind of dance has a strong sense of ceremony. It is to call the patron saint or ancestor of the clan to pray for this harvest, or to thank the gods when they come back from hunting. But no matter what ceremony, no matter how heavy the primitive religious cloak is, its practical significance is a kind of exercise and exercise for labor, which not only exercises the proficiency of hunters, but also cultivates young hunters.

In Shundian, there is a record of Shoukui's "Electric Contract".

5. China traditional opera knowledge.

At least 0.27 yuan to open a library member, see the full content > Original Publisher: Li Xiaozhi Opera 1. Introduction of major operas 1. Kunqu Opera, also known as "Kunqu Opera" and "Kunqu Opera", is an ancient opera.

Originated in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, it became popular after the middle of Ming Dynasty. At that time, Kunqu opera was mostly used to sing legendary dramas. In addition to maintaining the characteristics of early Kunqu Opera, Nankun has formed many branches in China, such as Kunyi in the north, Xiang Kun, Chuankun and so on.

Kunqu Opera, with its graceful and soft style, delicate and lyrical performance, singing and dancing, and rigorous program, is the representative of China classical operas. 2. The treble is the general name of China traditional opera tune system.

Because it originated in Yiyang, Jiangxi, it was originally named "Yiyang Opera" or "Yi Opera". It is characterized by simple performance, popular lyrics, high-pitched and exciting singing, one person singing while everyone is in harmony, and only golden drums are used to play festivals without orchestral accompaniment.

Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it has spread from Jiangxi to all parts of the country, and has formed high-pitched operas in different styles, such as Sichuan Opera, xiang opera Opera and Gan Opera. 3. Bangzi Opera Bangzi Opera is the floorboard of traditional opera vocal cavity system.

It originated from "Shaanxi Bangzi" at the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi, and is characterized by high-pitched and powerful singing and high-five with wooden bangzi. Then it developed eastward and southward, forming different forms of Bangzi cavity in different areas, such as Shanxi Bangzi, Hebei Bangzi, Henan Bangzi and Shandong Bangzi.

4. Beijing Opera Beijing Opera, also known as "Pihuang", consists of two basic tunes, namely "Xipi" and "Huang Er". It also sings some local tunes (such as Liu Zi tune and Chuiguan tune) and Kunqu tune. 1840 was formed in Beijing and prevailed in 1930s and 40s. It is sometimes called "National Opera".

It is still a big drama with national influence. It is the representative of China modern opera, with comprehensive business, mature performance and magnificent momentum.

7. Jin Opera 13. Sichuan Opera.

6. Understand the common sense of China opera.

China opera originated from primitive songs and dances.

In the Han Dynasty, there was a kind of "corner play" with performance elements, especially "East Sea Huang Gong". During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there appeared a "musical drama" combining singing and dancing with performance, with more intense performance elements, such as the head, the face, and the picking of mothers.

In the Tang Dynasty, there appeared a "joining the army drama" characterized by funny performances, which developed from the actors' performances in the pre-Qin period. Folk song and dance dramas entered the court and got greater development; Popular rap forms such as "rude words" and "variant characters" have appeared among the people. In Song Dynasty, the urban commodity economy developed by leaps and bounds, and many public entertainment places appeared-"Washe" and "Goulan". Folk songs and dances, rap and burlesque have a comprehensive trend, and "Song Zaju" has appeared.

In Jin Dynasty, on the basis of Song Zaju, "Jin Benyuan" appeared in the north and "Southern Opera" appeared in the south. In the Yuan Dynasty, "Northern Zaju" was formed in the north, and the southern opera was further developed and matured, forming a traditional opera.

China opera is a comprehensive stage art form. Its characteristic is that many art forms are gathered together by a standard, and their respective personalities are reflected in the same nature.

These forms mainly include: poetry, music and dance. Poetry refers to its literature, music refers to its music accompaniment and dance refers to its performance.

In addition, it also includes stage art, clothing, makeup and so on. These artistic factors are all for one purpose in China traditional operas, that is, acting stories; Everyone follows a principle, which is beauty.

In a word, China's traditional opera is characterized by "singing and dancing to tell stories" (Wang Guowei, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty). Both Chinese drama and drama belong to drama, and actors should be used to play characters, and dialogues and actions should be used to express stories of a certain length.

The difference is that China traditional opera uses musical dialogue and dance movements to express real life, that is, the means of singing and dancing. Also known as "singing, reading, doing and playing".

7. Ask some simple common sense.

Hunan: xiang opera, Qi Opera, Ancient Painting Opera, Michael Chen Opera, etc.

Guangdong: Cantonese opera, Chaozhou opera, etc. Anhui: Of course, Huangmei Opera is the most famous, and Lu Opera, formerly known as "Daoqi Opera", is also called "Knife Opera" around Hefei, which is one of the main local operas in Anhui Province.

Fengyang ancient painting drama. Anhui Opera was originally one of the important local operas in Anhui, but it has been upgraded to Peking Opera since Huiban entered Beijing.

Zhejiang: Besides the most famous Yue Opera, there are Shao Opera, Hangbang Opera and Wu Opera. Hubei: Chu Opera, Han Opera and Jingzhou Ancient Painting Opera are three major operas. Of course, Peking Opera is also one of the favorite operas in Hubei, but it is not a local opera in Hubei.

Other provinces, represented by Shandong's Lu Opera, Gansu's Long Opera and Shaanxi's Shaanxi Opera, have formed a cultural market where a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.