Deng Chuan Fortune Telling _ Dengzhou Fortune Telling

1, Bai funeral custom

Before the Yuan Dynasty, the Bai people believed in tantric Buddhism, so cremation prevailed in Bai areas. After the Yuan Dynasty, due to the influence of the Han nationality and Chinese culture in the mainland, it was gradually changed to burial. Funerals are usually grand.

(1) Burial wake: At the end of old age, funerals are generally treated as happy events. Choose a good day, chant Buddhist scripture, and after relatives and friends come for a drink offering, you can go out for burial. Children should stay awake day and night while parking at home. During the crossing, there should be wine and meat, and friends and relatives should be invited for dinner.

(2) Funeral: At the funeral, neighbors bring their own lifting tools to help carry the coffin. Leading the way for the dead to chant Buddhist scripture, filial piety man walks in front of the coffin with crutches, and filial piety woman walks behind the coffin. The coffin was carried around the coffin and placed on a high stool, and a ceremony was held around the coffin by Mr. chanting. I read The Sutra Around the Coffin and called it "Crossing the Bridge". When crossing the bridge, filial piety kneels on the bridge, and the coffin is lifted from the body, which is called "carrying the coffin".

2. Nanjian Yuanyang Bridge

Yuanyang Bridge is located in Xinjie, more than 20 kilometers south of Nanjian County, between Ailao Mountain and Wuliang Mountain, connecting the upper reaches of Bian Jiang. The old bridge was completed in 194 1 year. It is a hollow room-type section bridge with soil forest structure. The length of the bridge is nearly17m, and the deck is composed of horizontal planks. There are 14 meter long wooden boards on both sides, which can provide hundreds of people to enjoy the cool and sit around. Running water under the bridge, leaving people on the bridge.

Interestingly, young men and women of the local Yi, Miao and Han nationalities all use bridges as a medium. Every New Street Day (Chicken and Rabbit Day), people gathered from villages dozens of miles away near Bao Hua, Infinite, Cui Yong, etc. all gathered at the bridge head and the bridge head. It was so lively that both benches were full.

There are "eight-character" gentlemen who specialize in fortune-telling and marriage, doctors who sell medicines and treat diseases, and more boys and girls who love each other from far and near. Young men and women who meet and fall in love, regardless of rank, suitability or nationality, like each other as long as they like each other.

The suitors are usually led to meet on the bridge. After men and women get to know each other, if they like each other, they will quote each other's birthdates and marry the fortune teller. The "eight characters" do not conflict with each other, so as to maintain their love relationship and determine the auspicious day for marriage.

Some boys and girls came here and sat on the bridge stool and waited. When they find objects of similar age and appearance, they will ask questions on their own initiative. After greeting each other, report their age, family, address and family situation. "Once born, twice cooked." In a few days, they will be new, and after several meetings, most of them can get married.

Yi people in Ailaoshan and A-mei like singing and having sex. A young man sings when he sees a girl.

: "Lang came across the mountain, and my sister came across the river, but we couldn't meet each other across the mountain and water. Master Gao Ming took the Golden Bridge to meet him. The river is full of water and sand, a pair of mandarin ducks and a prawn; Yuanyang fights, and A-mei is the master. "

The girl will readily answer: "there is no road between the mountain and the river, and Lang sings a minor peace;" Flowers bloom in the mountains, and my brother is a bee. " Ask and answer, each other ups and downs, singing like a trickle under the bridge, affectionate.

Yuanyang Bridge is the throat of a southern ancient double post road from Dali to Simao. The old bridge was destroyed by water in the 1980s. Today's new bridge is built with reinforced concrete on the original site. The length, width and height of the bridge and the buildings on it are similar to those of the old bridge, which retains the local architectural characteristics and the rare local customs. The three characters "Yuanyang Bridge" at the bridge head are still very eye-catching.

3. Marriage customs of Bai people in Dali

Like other fraternal nationalities in China, the Bai nationality in Dali has gone through the stages of group marriage, husband-and-wife marriage and individual marriage. Nowadays, people are married outside the home, and monogamy is the basic form of family organization. Brothers in the family split up immediately after marriage, and parents usually start their lives from their young sons. Adopted children have the right to inherit property, and women have a higher status in the family.

Young men and women of Bai nationality in Dali area are relatively free before marriage, and marriage is mostly decided by themselves. Generally, you can find a partner to become a bosom friend through "duet", and then go through several stages: matchmaking, engagement, welcome and marriage. Parents and matchmakers of both men and women go to the woman's house to propose marriage.

When the woman's father agrees to be engaged, the man should choose an auspicious day to send wine and chicken to the woman's house for a bride price, and the bride price must be "six characters". Three catties and six ounces of tea, six catties and six bottles of wine and six catties and six ounces of sugar mean "blessed". The woman's family treats each other with "three teas", which is also called "raising chickens and drinking gifts".

Marriage usually takes three days, and the ceremony is very grand. The wedding day is called "Happy Day". The day before marriage is called "stepping on the door". On this day, the man will carry the dowry to the woman's house, and at night he will play suona at the man's house and sing "Blowing the Chamber" and "Big Ben" until dawn to celebrate.

On festive days, "the man will go to the woman's house to pay homage accompanied by relatives and friends", and the bride will say goodbye to her parents and siblings in tears. When going out, the drummer will play the tune of "welcoming the bride", and the suona sound is intertwined with the bride's cry from time to time. Along the way, the sound of fighting continued. While walking, the companion sprinkled rice flowers on the bride and occasionally pinched the bride to express "blessing".

When the bride comes home, the groom's brother of the same age needs to carry the bride and the new house. At this point, there is still an early custom of "robbing marriage". ?

There is a fire burning in the new house. When the bride enters the house, the family will cook Chili noodles on the fire, which will make the bride cough badly. Adding pepper powder to the bride's table will make it difficult for the bride to swallow, representing "intimacy" and "wealth". In white, "spicy, hemp" and "pro, wealth" are homophonic.

The bride and groom should worship heaven and earth, parents and uncles, and feast guests with eight bowls of Bai nationality. In the evening, there is a wedding ceremony. The elders will give the bride money to meet, and the peers will make new houses. When making trouble in the bridal chamber, the bride should take out stewed plum, carved plum, fruit, candied fruit and other foods brought by her family and respectfully give them to her peers for tasting, which is also called "shaking fruit wine". Everyone ate and quarreled until late at night.

On the third day, the bride will go to the kitchen to cook fish to honor her in-laws. When she returns to her hometown three to eight days after marriage, the woman's family will take her son-in-law and daughter home for dinner. Seven days later, I will go to the main temple in our village to offer sacrifices to our Lord and ask him to bless the whole family and give birth to your son as soon as possible.

4. Dali Bai people play with old friends

Fight: it means making friends; Old: it means life, from small to large; Friend: refers to a reliable good friend of the same sex and the same age. Making old friends means making close friends of the same sex and age for life. This is a common custom in the life of the Bai people in Dali.

There are generally three reasons why Bai people in Dali make old friends. 1. Teenagers communicate and understand each other in life, study and work, ask each other what they like and love each other, and unanimously decide to be friends for a long time.

Second, teenagers want their parents to be friends who get along well with each other, and even they already have old friends. They want to make friends with their children in order to maintain and develop the friendship between the older generation in the next generation.

Thirdly, the parents of one of the teenagers found that the teenagers from other families were worth learning and communicating with their children in personality, knowledge, health and other aspects, so they became old friends through a third party who worked in the middle. ?

Because making old friends will affect a child's life, parents are extremely cautious about their children's activities of making old friends.

They should not only examine each other's children's performance in personality, knowledge and health, but also whether they are worthy of making friends. At the same time, we should also examine the situation of the other family, such as whether the other family is loyal, kind, hardworking, harmonious and healthy. If the situation is unknown, we will not agree easily.

As soon as teenagers decide to make old friends, their family is called dry relatives. In order to show the intimacy of their relationship, parents usually omit the word "dry" when addressing each other. In the first three years of making friends, both families must visit each other at least once a year. The reception of in-laws for their first visit was very grand.

When holding a rich banquet, we should also invite our relatives and neighbors to accompany us. As old friends, teenagers should bow to their parents in public and cheat each other's parents as parents. ?

Other relatives and friends have the same addresses as old friends. Both parents should tell their children some encouraging and auspicious words and give them appropriate gifts after helping their old friends. Gifts can be books, stationery, clothes, red envelopes and so on. Parents of both sides also have to ask relatives, friends and neighbors present to take care of two more children in the future.

In this way, the relationship of playing with old friends is open and legalized between relatives, friends and neighbors of both families. From then on, not only the teenagers who play old friends will often have close contacts, but also the families of both sides will establish close relationships. No matter what happens to your family, you should inform them in time and help them wholeheartedly.

The relationship between the two families is really that they are not relatives but better than relatives. Through the activity of beating old friends,

Many teenagers and their families have been able to effectively expand their interpersonal circle, which is conducive to the healthy growth of teenagers and their families' foothold in society.

5. Binchuan White Floating Beam Vertical Column

The columns in the houses built by the Bai people in Binchuan are not festivals. Bai people in Binchuan usually build columns in their new houses when Siping walls are built (but if the walls are all made of stone, columns will be built first). A vertical pillar, which is the wooden frame part of the house. ?

The vertical column should first choose "auspicious day". At the beginning of the vertical column, under the command of the carpenter's master, the completed frame was erected first, and then several young adults climbed up the civil frame and waved a hammer to tenon the beam accurately and neatly.

It is said that the smooth connection of tenons depends on the generosity of the new house owner. A cheerful and generous home, smooth and tidy; Otherwise, you will be embarrassed, bicker (that is, the size of the tenon-piercing part is not appropriate), and even make mistakes.

When the roof truss is set up, the couplets will be posted. There are many couplets, which should be pasted on every post. Some predict the future, praise the times, and some are metaphors about the difficulty of starting a business, thanking relatives and friends. For example, "Take everything of Han, Bai, Qin and Song, and get all the land of Wu Shan." . The scenery in front of and behind the house is beautiful, and plum blossoms and willows are beautiful at four o'clock. The birds behind the house are gently listening to how many songs are singing in spring. "

Another example is "strive to create great achievements and strive to achieve great goals." Another example is "painting a building, the return of Yunyan should be different, and it is not necessary to sing everywhere." These couplets have a wide range of contents and rich connotations, which can show the joy of the host and often win the admiration of relatives and friends.

At noon, it is the climax of the vertical column ceremony-floating beam. ?

First of all, put a square table in the center, and ask the elders to sit around the table (press; Bai people have great respect for their elders. Whenever they treat guests in the village, they should invite the elders in the village to sit down. The owner of the new house will toast, smoke and sugar to the elders in turn.

We should propose a toast to six rounds of wine, six cigarettes and six handfuls of sugar.

(Lu) the meaning of Dashun]. Then, under the command of a master, a thick beam with HongLing and firecrackers was slowly raised by two mature men on the roof truss with ropes. The master commanded by hand and read four words and eight sentences in his mouth; "A beam whip is floating, and the whole family is happy.

Today, Liang Jianhua Tang is floating, and his longevity and wealth are extensive. Since today, future generations will always be healthy. "Suddenly, firecrackers, drums, firecrackers, suona, gongs and drums, hammers, formed a deafening symphony.

When the beam is in place, it begins to "throw buns". I was refuted by the master.

Some of them are packed in baskets. There are steamed buns, large and small, hanging on the girders. First throw the big one to the host, and while throwing it, read: "A flower on the girder and a piece of silver thrown at the host's house can catch the glory, but it can't catch the glory." After throwing the big ones, start from the east and throw the small ones in all directions.

I threw it in my hand and read, "Take out the gold and silver first and fill the bucket. Second, spread Man Cang's grain. Third, spread longevity. Fourth, scattered children and grandchildren. All over the southeast and northwest. These four sentences do not necessarily have a fixed format and words, but are mostly improvised by experience and talent.

Reading is very rhythmic and as good as singing. Men, women and children waiting in all directions are jumping to eat steamed buns. Among those buns, there are jujube, candied fruit, melon seeds, coins, peppers and so on.

The most interesting thing is that when the steamed stuffed bun is removed from the beam, coins, melon seeds and colorful films are also thrown out and poured with warm water, so often after the ceremony, many people have water on their heads. In case of mischief

(Just kidding), you will pour water on several people, which will make them almost wet.

But even so, no one will be angry. At this time, the tassels on the beam are fluttering and the red picture is rolling. The ground was crowded with people, wearing groups of boats. My ears are full of laughter, and my eyes are like butterflies flying with bees. It is simply an ocean of joy.

At this time, friends and relatives who have been waiting at the roadside at the entrance of the village also took off rice cakes, brought gifts and HongLing, and set off firecrackers to congratulate them. According to the custom of the Bai people in Binchuan, the more people who come to congratulate themselves voluntarily, the better the fate of their masters.

The host respectfully thanked the guests, offered cigarettes, poured tea and hosted a banquet. ?

In every bowl of dishes at the party, very spicy peppers were put. (Bai dialect is "spicy"-"pro" is homophonic). At each table, there is a virtuous and generous young woman who is responsible for toasting, which represents the kindness of the host, slowly persuading and frequently falling down, so that you can't stop.

References:

Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture People's Government-Famous Style