Commentary on Zhang Fei's stele forest in Langzhong

Dear guests, welcome to visit our famous ancient city of North Sichuan.

Langzhong is located in the north of Sichuan Basin and the middle reaches of Jialing River. The city is built at the confluence of Bashan Mountain, Jianmen Mountain and Jialing River, surrounded by mountains and water. The situation is very dangerous. The predecessors said that the division of the Sixth Road was controlled before, followed by the millet in Xishu, with Jingxiang on the left and Qin Long on the right. It has been an important military town since ancient times. 1986 the State Council was declared as one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China.

Our itinerary today is: first visit Zhangfei Temple and Jinping, and then visit the ancient city reserve with distinctive features. Now, please allow me to briefly introduce the characteristics of Langzhong ancient city as a guide before your field trip.

Langzhong is ancient, first of all, the ancient city has a long history. Langzhong is the capital of Cuba. According to historical records, Zhou Wuwang got the strong assistance of Ba people in the battle of Makino, and the samurai group composed of Ba people went to war, and the Lingyin people defected and won. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, Ba people were established as Asia and Jiangzhou (now Chongqing). Because of the power of Chu, he moved the capital to Langzhong. In 365438 BC+06 BC, after King Qin Huiwen destroyed Pakistan, he moved to Brazil County and set up Langzhong County. Since then, it has been ruled by counties, prefectures, prefectures and Taoism, and it was also the political, economic and cultural center of northern Sichuan at that time. Based on the history of the county, it has been more than 2300 years.

Secondly, there are many famous people who have an influence on the historical and cultural development of China, and places of interest still exist. Langzhong, an ancient city with beautiful scenery, not only attracted many celebrities and sages from past dynasties to visit and stay here, but also left a large number of cultural relics and historic sites. Moreover, the ancient city itself is a place with outstanding people and talented people. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a great astronomer and almanac was born here, followed by Ren, a great meteorologist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and three generations of astronomers in the Three Kingdoms period, Zhou Qun and Zhou Ju. It is really remarkable that so many outstanding astronomers have been produced in Langzhong in the past 400 years. In addition, Ma Zhong, an expert in the Three Kingdoms period, Ji Cheng, an adviser, Zhang Xian, a warrior who resisted gold in the Southern Song Dynasty, Han E, the heroine of Mulan in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and Lan Tingrui, the leader of the peasant uprising in the Qing Dynasty, were all born here. According to statistics, from the late Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty 1000 years, Langzhong successively produced four top scholars, 94 scholars and hundreds of juries.

Langzhong is also an old revolutionary base area. 1933, the Red Fourth Front Army established the Sichuan-Shaanxi revolutionary base, fought in Langzhong area for three years, and established Langzhong and Langnan Suweier regimes. 19000 More than 9,000 outstanding sons and daughters of Langzhong joined the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants.

The third is that the ancient city is relatively well preserved and the cultural relics are of high value. Since the reform and opening up, Langzhong's social economy has developed rapidly and great achievements have been made in urban construction. At the same time, the municipal government attaches great importance to the maintenance and protection of ancient cities and cultural relics, especially the pattern of ancient cities, hundreds of ancient streets with rich ancient styles and people in ancient Sichuan, which are very precious cultural treasures. Many people are always amazed after visiting, and even say that this is rare elsewhere.

All right, that's all. Zhang Fei Temple is here. Huanhou Ancestral Hall tomb Zhangfei Temple

Ladies and gentlemen, what we are seeing now is the famous Huanhou Ancestral Hall, also known as Zhangfei Temple. Zhang Fei, the word Yide (Wing De), followed Liu Bei at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and became brothers. After Liu Beiding proclaimed himself emperor Yizhou, Zhang Fei was appointed as a captain and Brazilian satrap, guarding Langzhong for seven years. In 22 1 year, Zhang Fei was eager to avenge the killing of Guan Yu by Dongwu, and forced his men to wear white helmets and armor. He was killed by Fan Qiang and Zhang Da and buried in Langzhong, Huanhou, posthumous title. Langzhong admired Zhang Fei's bravery and built a temple in front of the tomb. This temple, known as Zhanghou Temple in Tang Dynasty, is the dominant temple in Ming Dynasty and has been called Huanhou Ancestral Hall since Qing Dynasty. The existing Zhangfei Temple is a group of quadrangles of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Tang Dynasty style, which consists of a mountain gate, a watchtower, a memorial archway, a main hall and a wing, covering an area of more than 5,000 square meters, with a large scale and exquisite architecture.

The gate was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, and the plaque hanging at the upper end of the main gate was written by Zhao Puchu, a famous calligrapher who died recently. Stepping into the eight-character gate is the towering watchtower. An enemy of 10 thousand means that Zhang Fei is strong and brave enough to fight against 10 thousand days. The building was built in the early Ming Dynasty, with double eaves and a square plum blossom column inlaid with four petals, which is very imposing. The side halls on both sides are the cultural relics exhibition room and the group plastic hall. More than 1000 pieces of cultural relics were exhibited. Look at the inscription on this tablet: General Han flew up and led 10 thousand elite soldiers to break thieves. The first one was in Ba Meng, which was immediately remembered. It is said that Zhang Fei wrote it himself, which shows that Zhang Fei is not only a valiant soldier, but also a calligrapher with profound attainments. The world says that Zhang Fei is crude and refined, and this stone tablet is evidence. You are familiar with the six groups of sculptures made by the group plastic museum according to Zhang Fei's main achievements described in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. I don't need to explain it any more. Let's have a look.

Into the hall, sitting in the middle is a statue of Zhang Fei, beaming with great looks, but how can it be a statue wearing a crown, a brocade robe and holding a jade toad? It turned out that during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Fei was posthumously named Emperor Huan Hou, and the statue of his crown tattoo was molded on the temple. On both sides of the statue are Zhang Bao, the eldest son holding a snake spear, and Gong Cao and Ma Qi holding Dan Shu. The left and right walls are examples of Zhuge Liang in Yue Fei's cursive script, which set off the dignified and elegant atmosphere in the hall.

Houdian is actually a tomb pavilion, quaint and simple, which is awe-inspiring in Li Zhuo. Pavilion column a couplet:

Competing with the ancestors in the Central Plains, the northern expedition and the southern expedition, the land was surprisingly called the imperial industry;

The remains of the body are thrown into the wasteland, and people are still loyal to their souls through the ages when spring comes and winter comes.

The first part describes that Zhang Fei followed Liu Bei all his life, but his ambition to unify the whole country was not fulfilled, and the hero's soul still has regrets. The second couplet says that after his death, although only a headless body was buried in this grave, people's feelings for loyalty and courage will last forever. There is a folklore about headless bodies. It is said that after Zhang Fei was killed, the murderers Fan Qiang and Zhang Da cut off their heads and wanted to get Wu Dong for Sun Quan. As a stepping stone, they went down the Yangtze River and heard that Sun Quan was making peace with Liu Bei. At a loss, they threw Zhang Fei's head into the river and floated to Yunyang, where it was picked up by a fisherman and buried at the foot of Phoenix Mountain. This is the tragic story of Zhang Tou's burial in Yunyang Langzhong.

There is an arch hole in the nest under the tomb pavilion, and there is a statue of Zhang Fei. Look, like the head and eyes of a leopard, the chin of a swallow and the beard of a tiger! Like a dragon stone bucket swinging forward, it is called the ever-burning lamp. It is said that when Zhang Fei was stationed in Langzhong, Zhang Bang, a general of Cao Wei, led 50,000 troops to attack Langzhong, the capital of Brazil. At that time, Zhang Fei had only 10,000 soldiers in his hand, and refused to accept Zhang He. In 50 days, relying on the support of local people, Zhang Fei took the Wakouguan of Zhanghe's base camp from Zitong Mountain Road, defeated Zhang He, and won the victory of protecting the environment and protecting the people. For thousands of years, people have visited Tomb-Sweeping Day to sweep Zhang Fei's grave and oil the ever-burning lamps.

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Zhang Fei's Tomb is about 6 meters high, and Fiona Fang 100 square meters. It is made of loess, just like an oval hill. After years of vicissitudes, this tomb is intact. The lush trees in the ancient tomb seem to confirm the love and admiration of countless future generations for this warrior Zhang for thousands of years. Jinping in Yuen Long Wonderland

This is Jinping Scenic Area in Langzhong City, where you are the best in Jialing. Look at this Jinping, where the mountains are undulating, the peaks are connected, the trees are lush, the birds are singing and the flowers are fragrant, and the fast-flowing Jialing River at the foot of the mountain winds at the foot of the mountain like a jasper belt, and the mountains and rivers blend together to form a beautiful and elegant natural picture scroll, which has attracted many literati in the past dynasties to stay here. For example, famous poets Du Fu and Li Shangyin in Tang Dynasty, great painter Wu Daozi, writer Su Dongpo in Song Dynasty, poets Huang Tingjian and Lu You were all fascinated by Jinping's scenery. In Du Fu's poems, it is called Langzhong, south of the city, and the world is sparse. In recent years, the scenic spots have been transformed and renovated, adding new features, especially the natural beauty and history and culture complement each other, fully demonstrating the quaint taste of Langzhong tour, making us realize that this is not only a sightseeing tour, but also a knowledge tour. Now, we will take the historical sites in the scenic spot as a symbol and visit all the way.

This is the Du Shaoling Temple in Langzhong, a temple in memory of Du Fu. Du Fu came to Langzhong twice in August of the first year of Guangde in Tang Daizong (AD 763) and in the second year of Guangde, and lived here with his family for half a year, during which he wrote more than 60 poems. In Langshan Song and Langshui Song, he praised the self-awareness of Langzhong Mountain and its dependence on the enemy, as well as the water, stone and jade in Langzhong. Du Shaoling Temple was built on the mountain, maintaining the solemn and elegant style of the Tang and Song Dynasties. More than 70 poems, woodcuts, calligraphy and paintings hanging in the front hall of the ancestral hall have entrusted the memory of the poet. The wings on both sides display ancient cultural relics and ancient wood lacquer furniture. It adds to the ancient meaning of the ancestral temple. The main hall is a statue of Du Fu in white marble. He is absorbed in writing, scrutinizing the text and conceiving a new chapter. This sculpture is not an antique, but we can get some impressions from Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He visited Shaoling Temple twice in eight years on the main road, and wrote down the statue of Du Fu he saw at that time in his poems about visiting Shaoling Ancestral Temple. The poem says: Du Zi is worshipped in a virtual hall, and his brow shines on the river. Since ancient times, several people have been wiped out, but this old era has not passed away. Du Fu, with a cold brow, stayed alone in the temple for a long time and was mourned by later generations, that is, he was immortal.

All the way to the scenic spot, you come to the back hall of Song Liewen, which is the temple. Some people say that Zhang Xi 'an may feel strange, but as long as he says that he is the love general around Yue Fei, he knows more. Zhang Xian is from Jinping. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei led the troops to resist gold, and Zhang Xi 'an invested in Yue Fei's account as a general. He is good at fighting, loyal and honest, highly valued by Yue Fei, and recruited as a son-in-law. When Yue Jiajun went straight to Zhuxian Town, ready to drink Huanglong, the capitulators headed by Yue Fei were afraid of losing the throne after welcoming the Emperor Hui and Qin, and issued 12 gold medals to call on Yue Fei to send troops. Treacherous court official Qin Gui murdered Yue Fei on trumped-up charges. In the 11th year of Shaoxing (A.D.1142 65438+1October 27th)1February 29th, Zhang Xian, who was only 27 years old, was killed with his father and son Yue Fei in Fengbo Pavilion, Hangzhou, and was buried in Dongshan Port not far from Yue Tomb. Twenty years later, nomads from the south invaded again. Emperor Xiaozong, who just ascended the throne, rehabilitated and sealed Yue Jiajun in order to encourage his subjects to resist gold. Zhang Xian was posthumously named as the Dragon Defender, the Ambassador of Langya and the Ambassador of Ningyuan. In the Ming dynasty, it was renamed as Levin Hou, and a shrine was built in his hometown of Langzhou to commemorate it.

Zhangxi 'an Temple covers an area of about 30 mu. It is from west to east, surrounded by mountains on three sides, and looks like an round-backed chair. The ancestors chose the ancestral temple on the mountainside of Jinping, which can be said to be a treasure trove of feng shui. Coupled with vigorous pines and cypresses, camphor and poplar, the temple is tightly surrounded, which is even more solemn, quiet and serene. Putting the statue in the yard instead of in the temple is also a unique performance: Zhang wronged himself and failed to meet his ambition. Although he is dead, his heart is unwilling, so the statue is not stable in the temple but stands on your majesty. Look at him wearing golden armor, pressing his sword with his left hand and touching his waist with his right hand, standing tall. Looking at his expression again, the garden glared as if to ask: What is the crime of resisting gold? He frowned, as if he was sad that he failed to persuade Yue Fei to return to the DPRK. Seeing this, we will think that history is the most just and people's hearts are the fairest when we think of the immortal tomb of Wang Yue and the infamous kneeling statue of Qin Gui for thousands of years.

What we see now is the Stargazing Tower, which is the pride of the ancient city of Langzhong. As we said at the beginning, in the magnificent starry sky of ancient astronomical research in the motherland, there is a magnificent picture in which the stars in Langzhong win glory. Astronomers such as Luo, Ren and his son, Zhou Shuzu and Dai were born successively, which made outstanding contributions to the cause of astronomy and meteorology in China, making Langzhong the largest astronomical research center in China during the Han and Tang Dynasties. Taichu calendar, in particular, is an epoch-making author in the history of world astronomy and a great astronomer and mathematician. Luoxiahong (65438 BC+056 BC, 87 BC), a native of Langzhong, is proficient in astronomy and good at calendar calculation. He was wooed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and his official position was an imperial envoy. There are three greatest contributions to astronomical science in one's life: first, he founded Huntian theory, which holds that the universe is changing and the change is regular; Second, the armillary sphere was created, which was the most scientific and precise celestial observation instrument in the world at that time, and the star-watching building was established; Third, the taichu calendar Law came out, which is the first calendar with written records in history. The astronomical research achievements of Luoxia Hong have great influence on the astronomical research in China and even the world. Joseph Needham of Britain said in the History of Science and Technology in China that he is a splendid constellation in the field of world astronomy.

Under the influence of Luo Xiahong, astronomers Ren and Ren Wengong were born at the end of Han Dynasty. On the basis of inheriting the astronomical research of Luoxiahong, the stone man and his son have unique views on meteorology, can predict storms, droughts and floods, and have made great contributions to the development of astronomy and meteorology.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhou Shu, Zhou Qun and Zhou Ju in Langzhong all devoted themselves to astronomy, becoming another astronomical family after his father and son. They built a rooftop in their yard, did not avoid the cold and heat, observed for many years, assiduously accumulated information, made judgments, and thus reached very accurate conclusions.

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Because there are a large number of astronomical researchers in Langzhong, many astronomical researchers in the past dynasties have been attracted here. In the early Tang Dynasty, the famous astronomer Yuan Tiangang moved to Sakura in Xie Xian during the reign of Emperor Gaozong (650). Poke? Watering? ㄒㄒㄒㄒㄒ·t? Is the basket too small to shake? ъъъъъъ捌湫? Interpretation? In 64, he came to Langzhong to continue his astronomical and mathematical research. After Li died, he was buried in Langzhong.

In front of the antique hall is Jinping Forest of Steles, which contains more than 260 pieces of Mo Bao, a famous painter and calligrapher of all ages. Exquisite carving and rich content. Among them, Han Li Monument, Du Fu's poems, Guanyin in Wu Daozi, bamboo in Zheng Banqiao and tiger in Zhang Shanzi are the most praised.

This is the Eight Immortals Cave. According to legend, Lv Dongbin, the Eight Immortals, practiced here. This cave is 100 meters deep and about 17 meters wide, and there are statues of the Eight Immortals in it. Outside the cave, Feixian Pavilion's eaves and teeth are towering, and the old trees cover the sky. It really smells like Zhong Ling and Yu Xiu. No wonder Yuan Tiangang, an astrologer in the Tang Dynasty, wrote on the mountain wall that spirit is the only eight words.

Perhaps it is because of the legend that Lv Dongbin practiced here that later generations built a temple composed of buildings on the mountain, named Lv Zuge. The building depends on the mountain, with the central attic as the main body, a hall and a promenade, covering an area of more than 2000 square meters.

Some people say that standing in the Eight Immortals Cave in Jinping overlooking the ancient city of Langzhong, you can best see the wonderful geomantic omen of the ancient city and the superb ideas of the predecessors to build the city. You see, Jialing River turned a big bend at the foot of the mountain and formed a peninsula on the other side. The river is clear, like a jade belt, and the ancient city is built on the peninsula. Panlong Mountain winds behind it like a dragon, Jinping Mountain covers it like a color screen, and the left and right mountains support it. Like flowers and leaves, the market in the city takes care of the landscape, making the ancient city built in a harmonious environment with nature, which embodies the unity of man and nature. I don't know anything about feng shui. I just think it is intoxicating to see the ancient city from Jinping Mountain. The beautiful scenery of mountains and towers complement each other. Lu You's poem said it well: the flying pavilion in the city is connected with a dangerous pavilion, and the city is like a screen everywhere. I went to Jinping on the river, but I looked at the outline of the city like Danqing. No wonder Du Fu wrote poems praising Jin Ping for visiting this place. Ladies and gentlemen, do you feel the same way? Ancient city dwellings

We are going to visit Langzhong ancient city reserve now. The viewing method is free combination, hiking, and returning to our residence at xx.

Langzhong ancient city reserve is mostly built in Ming and Qing dynasties, and some of them still retain the characteristics of late Tang Dynasty in style. The ancient city is fanned out with the towering Huaguang building as the axis. The street is only 8 meters wide, and the alley is only two or three meters. It's a blue tile bungalow, simple and elegant. The streets and alleys are full of old houses. Pushing open the gate, there are many zhaobi, and you can only be admitted to the hospital after turning the zhaobi. Entering the first hospital is also the second hospital and the third hospital. There is a small courtyard in the compound, and the patio is connected with the patio. The flowers, trees and cloisters on the pond are antique. Look carefully again, the long eaves cover the street, the tile eaves above and the wooden doors and windows below are engraved with patterns, especially those wooden lattice windows, which are ever-changing and ingenious. Everything is exquisite works of art. The upper plastering board, partition board, waist plastering board and lower plastering board of doors and windows are engraved with birds or flowers, or blessings, auspiciousness, longevity and happiness, which not only symbolize auspiciousness. The architectural style of each ancient residential courtyard is also different, either gorgeous by businessmen, elegant by literati, or grand polygonal courtyards built for bureaucrats. If you live in a hotel and look at the flowers and trees in the yard through the flower window, you will feel nostalgic involuntarily. It is really delicious.

Well, that's all I have to say. I am interested in it. You can experience it yourself during the tour. We'll talk later. Now I want to join a group and go sightseeing together. Who will welcome me? Ok, let's start together. ......