Liang fortune-telling _ Chongqing Liang Ping fortune-telling Li

What is the basic knowledge of a paper reviewer?

Engineering drawings are often as few as a few, and as many as dozens to hundreds. How can we quickly get familiar with drawings, achieve mastery through a comprehensive study, and quickly become a master of drawing examination? Today, Zhong Da Consulting invited experts to share the drawing review methods: rough before fine, building before structure, large before fine, main body after decoration, general before special.

A, plane template diagram proofreading

I. Axis

1, shaft number, wrong size, whether it corresponds to architectural drawings.

2. Is the total size the sum of the dead parts?

3. Whether the angle is accurate enough, the diagonal grid should be positioned at both ends of the long axis to avoid fixing the axis with the starting point and angle.

4. Is there a fixed shaft and an extra shaft number?

5. Does the arc axis represent the radius and the center of the circle is located?

Second, the outline and elevation

1. Is the structural outline consistent with the building?

2. Whether the elevation of each part of the structural plane is marked, whether it conforms to the corresponding position of the building, and pay attention to the coverage of the building, and the places that need to be heightened, such as bathrooms, outdoor terraces, roof gardens, step positions, elevator pits, pool suction boxes, public kitchens and meat markets.

3. Whether the elevation change position of the structure and the anti-beam is a solid line, and whether there is a place where the solid line intersects with the dotted line.

4. Whether the ceiling and basement plane are inclined to the structure, and whether the slope load is considered if the building is inclined.

5. Whether the connection relationship and joints of beams and plates in adjacent areas are correct.

6. Are there holes in the boards of buildings and equipment?

Three, column, wall position

1. Are the wall columns below indicated by thick dotted lines? Shouldn't the wall column be raised? Is it a beam?

2. Whether the wall column is consistent with the building, and whether the position and size affect the use of the building.

3. Are there any leaks in the holes made in the concrete wall by buildings and equipment?

4. Pay attention to whether the elevation of wall and column top meets the building elevation and meets the requirements of beam-slab lap joint.

Fourth, the light beam

1, whether the beams around the building are equal in height, and pay attention to its relationship with the walls around the building.

2. Check the positioning, quantity, size and span number of beams one by one, and whether the relationship between the standard height of beam top and the elevation of plate surface is correct.

3. Whether the height and width of the beam are abnormal. For example, the cantilever beam height is less than 1/6 of the span, and the beam height is generally less than115 of the span. The beam size is too large, which affects the opening of doors, windows or stairwells of buildings.

4. Is there sorghum on the short beam?

5. Is there any improper beam position, such as crossing the hall? Does the beam layout affect the beauty of the building?

Priority order of beams: hall, main room, guest room, staircase, kitchen and bathroom, storage room, etc.

V. Floor elevator

1, do you have a number?

2. Whether there is any omission in the elevation of the elevator pit, whether the machine room is sealed and whether there is a hook at the top of the machine room.

3. Has the stair column been marked and positioned?

4. Is the starting position of the stairs marked?

Intransitive verbs open holes and dig ditches.

1. Are air wells, hydropower wells and flues missing?

2. The location and size of the hole and the reinforcement at the edge of the hole (if the edge of the hole is longer than 12 times the thickness of the plate, a cross beam is required).

3. The collecting well, drainage ditch and surface drainage ditch are missing, and the positioning and size are consistent with the building.

Seven, details, constructional column

1, whether the balcony, parapet, constructional column, wall and awning required by the facade are effectively connected with the main structure (supported by the main structure) and whether the projection on the plane is correct.

2. Its positioning and size are complete.

3. Whether the detailed drawing is marked on the plane, whether the corresponding number, elevation and positioning axis correspond to the plane.

Eight, details balloon

Pay attention to the cutting direction and index drawing number. Whether the index position is correct. Are there any corresponding details?

Nine. Post-pouring area

Whether the spacing of post-cast strip is more than 55 meters, whether it is positioned, whether it passes through important structures such as frame beams and parts with large stress. Whether the positioning of the basement plane and the side wall post-pouring belt is consistent.

X. description of template diagram

1, whether the floor foundation elevation is clear, concrete strength grade and impermeability grade.

2. Is there any explanation for the special floor thickness?

3. Do you have any missing steel bars? Pay attention to the gluten of cantilever beam, short-span beam bottom reinforcement and continuous beam support.

Proofreading of beam reinforcement diagram

4. Is there any contradiction between Tongchang gluten and bearing reinforcement?

5. Steel bar row?

6. Is the reinforcement ratio greater than 2.5% or less than the structural reinforcement ratio max(0.2%, 0.45ft/fy)?

7, frame beam reinforced with beam end encryption, or frame beam with beam end encryption.

8, stirrup limb number is correct, generally less than 350 with 2 limbs, 350-600 with 4 limbs, 650-800 with 6 limbs, etc.

9. Is the anchorage length of beam reinforced support sufficient?

10, is the reinforcement area at the bottom of beam less than half of gluten?

1 1. Check the calculation table of all beam reinforcement, paying special attention to frame-supported beams, cantilever beams and long-span beams.

12, check whether the reinforcement of long-span section and cantilever section is sufficient when marking the center.

13, gluten can't be connected at variable elevation. Is there a detailed statement?

14, are steel hangers and hoops enough?

15, is the torsion bar indicated? Is it enough?

Second, the plate reinforcement diagram proofreading

1, plate elevation and plate thickness are free from defects.

2. Whether the thickness is wrong (generally ≥ 100, two-way slab short span L/40, one-way slab L/30), pay attention to whether the thickness of the first floor, transfer floor and weak parts of high-rise building is strengthened. (The weak part refers to the part with smaller floor width and larger opening)

3, the hole, variable elevation plate reinforcement need to be disconnected.

4. Whether the reinforcement of the stressed plate meets the minimum reinforcement ratio requirements (0.2%, 0.45ft/fy), whether the floating plate reinforcement is sufficient and whether the anchorage length is sufficient.

5. Whether the encryption symbol of the big board angle is omitted, and whether the radiation rib of the floating board of the external angle is indicated.

6. Is full-length warm gluten set when the roof thickness is ≥ 120?

7, short span is greater than 4500 plate should be crack, deflection calculation.

8, plate load value is reasonable and unified.

9. The symbols at the lower ends of steel bars at all levels are correct.

10, indicating whether there is any contradiction with the plan.

Third, the wall column plan proofreading

1, axis and plane template diagram proofreading are the same.

2. Check whether columns and concealed columns are numbered one by one. Is the number repeated?

3. Check whether the column wall is positioned one by one.

4. Whether the wall column is leaking or redundant, and whether it is consistent with the building plane and structural plane.

5. Is the elevation of the top of the wall column that needs to be closed in a special position marked?

Proofreading of wall and column details

Does the 1. dimension correspond to a plane?

2, all wall column reinforcement must be checked.

3. Whether the reinforcement is omitted and whether the longitudinal reinforcement meets the structural requirements of the specification.

4. Whether the columns and frame columns with large cross-section height are fastened for full-height encryption.

5, column width is greater than 200 column end longitudinal reinforcement spacing is less than 200.

6, whether the wall reinforcement distribution is appropriate (that is, just meet the minimum reinforcement ratio)

7, wall brace spacing is a multiple of the distribution of reinforcement spacing.

8. Whether the horizontal and vertical steel bars of the frame load-bearing wall are strengthened at the bottom of the strengthening layer.

Fourth, the basic scheme proofreading

1, axis and plane template diagram proofreading are the same.

2. Check the positioning, quantity and elevation of pile caps one by one.

3. Whether the suction box, collecting well and collecting well conflict with the platform and ground beam, and the relationship between the elevation of elevator pit and the elevation of platform.

4. The influence of building steps and ramps on the elevation of pile caps.

5. Whether there are building lines on the pile caps, and whether the pile spacing between the pile caps is less than 3D (precast) or 2.5d (drilling).

6. Whether the center of the column falls on the center of the column cap and whether the column edge is too close to the edge of the column cap (not less than 150).

7. Pay attention to whether the uplift piles caused by anti-floating are enough and whether the anti-floating measures are reasonable.

8. According to the investigation report, pay attention to whether the natural basement can fall on the bearing stratum and whether the pile length is appropriate (the depth change of the bearing stratum should be indicated in sections).

9. Pay attention to the requirements of retaining soil with height difference on the building ground.

10. Height of ground beam: L/8 with bottom plate, L/ 15 without bottom plate and ≥400. Will the ground beam and the ground cap touch the water pipe?

1 1, the bearing capacity of single pile needs to be checked, and the bearing capacity of composite foundation should also be calculated.

Five, stair details and stair table

1, whether the stair axis position is consistent with the building and plane.

2. Non-structural members should not stay on the plane and section of stairs. Does the section correspond to the section position?

3. Note that the width of ladder board includes handrails.

4. Check whether the stair elevation is wrong and whether there is any meeting phenomenon.

5. Are there walls, columns, etc. for the ladder slab and ladder beam (see the plane and wall column positioning map)?

6. The number and span of ladder plates and beams are consistent with the plane, and the elevation of the top of ladder column is consistent.

7. The thickness of the ladder slab is generally L/30 and not less than 100, and the span of the ladder slab should not be greater than 4500.

8. The reinforcement calculation of general ladder board is based on ql2/ 10.

9, pay attention to the relationship between the rest platform elevation and floor elevation, whether the floor is an extension of the floor reinforcement.

Six, the facade structure details proofreading

1, is it consistent with the architectural details?

2. Check whether the elevation dimensions of the details are consistent with the longitudinal section.

3. Whether the relationship between the structural details and the main structure is clear and whether there is any connection.

4, since the major details need to check whether the support of the main structure is satisfied.

5. Detail reinforcement principle: bending is not allowed at the internal corner, the reinforcement is arranged at the possible tensile edge, and the stressed reinforcement should be anchored in the main structure.

6. Is the index location clear?

Seven, the basement structure details proofreading

1. The structural details of the basement generally include: side wall, driveway, collecting well, collecting ditch, elevator pit, side wall of the pool, manhole of the pool and water suction box. Check whether there are any omissions.

2. The top standard of each side wall is high and clear.

3. What is the height of soil and water outside the side wall, and is the bending reinforcement and impermeability of the side wall sufficient?

4, lane slab thickness and reinforcement calculation

5. Is the connection between the bottom section of the driveway and the floor reasonable? Have you considered the joint between the lane beam and the ground beam?

Whether the pit wall thickness is consistent with the floor.

6. Is there a beam cap on the suction box and the collecting ditch?

7. Whether the bending capacity of the side wall of the pool is sufficient and whether a beam passes through the manhole.

8. Are the elevations and dimensions of all the details correct?

Eight, check the error-prone places in the construction drawing.

Be familiar with the dimensions of construction projects, and then check whether there are any mistakes in the construction drawings. The main inspection contents are as follows:

1, check whether the slope direction of parapet concrete coping is inward.

2, check whether there is a beam under the brick wall.

3, beam on the structural plane, whether all the reinforcement in the beam table.

4. Check whether the height of the main beam is lower than that of the secondary beam.

5. Beams, slabs and columns are similar in the same span, but there are great differences in reinforcement. If there are any, they need to be re-inspected.

6. When the beam and shear wall are arranged on the same straight line, check whether the width of the beam exceeds the thickness of the wall.

7. When the beam is supported on the shear wall and column respectively, check whether the center line of the beam is parallel or coincident with the axis, and check whether the width of the beam extends out of the wall or column. If yes, submit it to the design processing 10. When the design requirements are different from the construction acceptance specifications. As often mentioned in the list, on the same section, the number of columns that can overlap on each side is less than 4 columns. However, the construction acceptance specification requires that the overlapping area of steel bars in the same section shall not exceed 50%.

8. Check whether the minimum spacing of reinforced beams meets the requirements of construction acceptance specifications. When engineers use ribbed threaded steel bars, the diameter of the steel bar should be the original steel bar diameter plus the rib thickness of about 2 1MM, because the workers bend the ribbed surface when processing the steel bar.

9. Check whether there is an awning on the door of the indoor balcony, and check whether the center of the awning on the structural plane coincides with the center line of the door.

10, when the design requirements and construction acceptance specifications are different. As often mentioned in the list, on the same section, the number of columns that can overlap on each side is less than 4 columns. However, the construction acceptance specification requires that the overlapping area of steel bars in the same section shall not exceed 50%.

1 1. Check whether there is any contradiction between the structural description and the structural plane, details, content and construction description in the beam-column table. A single foundation is stressed in two directions, and the reinforcement in the short side direction is generally placed on the reinforcement in the long side direction. Check whether the reinforcement in the foundation details of the construction drawing is wrongly drawn.

12, the single foundation system is stressed in both directions, and the reinforcement along the short side is generally placed on the reinforcement along the long side. Check whether the reinforcement in the detailed drawing of the construction drawing foundation is wrong.

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