Yijing Village, Dali County: Walk into Luogu Irrigation District of Longshou Canal and visit the site of Cave 5 of Luohui Canal.

In Yijing Village, Xuzhuang Town, Dali County, Weinan City, there is a site of the Longshou Canal, which was built in the Western Han Dynasty. The culvert is 3,467 meters long and covers an area of about 20,000 square meters. During the Republic of China, when the Luo Hui Canal was built, it passed through Tielian Mountain from here, which was basically the same as the route of the Longshou Canal in the Western Han Dynasty. On July 3, 20 18, this section of Longshouqu site was listed as the fourth batch of provincial cultural relics protection units by Shaanxi Provincial People's Government.

On February 8, 2020, at the 7th1session of the Executive Board of the International Commission for Irrigation and Drainage, Shaanxi Province's "Longshou Canal Water Diversion in Luogu Irrigation Area" was successfully selected as the world irrigation project heritage. From the third year of Yuanshou in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 120) to the sixth year of Yuanfeng (BC 105), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Zhuang Xiongbi's suggestion and built a canal here. Because the keel was discovered, it was named "Longshou Canal".

On the morning of 20021September 13, my colleagues and I, led by the unit leaders, went to Dali County to visit the landscape left by the water conservancy project of Luohui Canal. First of all, we came to the east side of Yijing Village in Xuzhuang Town, and visited the Tibetan Silver Building and the diversion gate here.

Then, we walked about 300 meters north along the side of the main canal, and a newly built Yijing water diversion hub appeared. The main canal of Luo Hui Canal is divided into east main canal, middle main canal and west main canal. Today, it still plays the role of irrigation, and it has become the entrance to visit the Longshou Canal diversion Luogu irrigation area. On the wall next to it, there is a loud propaganda slogan: the ancient rhyme of the Millennium Dragon Flows, and the century-old Luo Huirun Qindong.

Go through the Yijing Diversion Hub, follow the main canal of Luo Hui Canal, and continue northward for about 100 meters, and you will see a Yijing combined sluice. This is the intersection of the main canal of the Yellow River Irrigation District and the main canal of the Luo Hui Canal, which supplies water to the Luo Hui Canal and realizes the joint dispatch of water resources.

After crossing the Union Gate of Yijing, about 30 meters to the north, the main canal of Luohui Canal bifurcates, forming two channels to the west and east. About 100 meters behind, two open channels extend into the culvert, forming a culvert crossing Tielian Mountain. Tielianshan is a loess plateau across the northern part of Dali County. Because the tableland looks like a sickle and a rainbow, it is commonly known as Tielianshan or Changhong Ridge. This is an east-west multi-level platform, which has been cut by running water for a long time and formed many gullies.

From 1934 to 1946, five tunnels were built in Tielianshan. Li Yizhi, a water conservancy expert, named them as Chengyuan Cave, Futian Cave, Judas Cave, Chaochuan Cave and Pingzhi Cave from north to south, implying five irrigation counties: Chengcheng, Pucheng, Dali, Chaoyi and Cimin. Among them, the fifth tunnel is the last water conveyance tunnel of the main canal, which is called "five tunnels" for short. Later, in memory of Zhang, an engineer who died in the line of duty, the cave was named "Peace Cave".

The water inlet of Pingzhi Cave is located in Yangquan ditch, 200 meters north of Miaodi New Village, Yongfeng Town, Pucheng County, and is called "Wudongkou" by local people. The exit of Pingzhi Cave is located at the south entrance of Yijing Village, Xuzhuang Town, Dali County, west 100 meters, and it is divided into two entrances, east and west, and the distance between the two entrances is about 40 meters. 1994, in order to increase the water flow, the east side branch tunnel was excavated, with a total length of about1150m, and was named "Xinyuan Cave".

Above the exit of Pingzhi Cave on the west side, you can see a long and narrow ravine, which is the remains of Longshou Canal in the Western Han Dynasty. 1983165438+1October 7th, this place was announced by Dali county people's government as a county-level key cultural relics protection unit. Today, an old monument of a key cultural relics protection unit in Dali County is still standing here.

The site is excavated from Yijing Village to Yuanzhishan Village in Tielian Mountain of Longshou Canal, with a section width of 50m to100m, a depth of 30m and a total length of1600m. When the Luo Hui Canal was built and Tunnel No.5 was excavated, herringbone brackets and so-called "keel" fossils were found in working wells 13, 16 and 18 of this river. Judging from this, it should be a part of the site of Longshou Canal in the Western Han Dynasty, which provides physical data for studying the historical changes of Longshou Canal and the water conservancy construction in Weibei area.