I want to know how the gun works.

Recoil of bolt-bolt and barrel will not be locked when firing. Remember to close the gun chamber by inertia when leaning against the gun, and the bolt will fire in the chamber.

Recoil under the action of medicine gas, while the barrel does not move. The biggest advantages of this automatic mode are simple structure and good economy;

The disadvantage is that the energy of gunpowder gas can not be adjusted, and there is harmful smoke at the tail of the gun, which is harmful to the shooter.

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Free bolt type-the bolt and barrel are not locked at all, and the bolt can only be stopped by its large mass and recoil spring force.

After firing, the shell moved backwards too fast. This freedom only applies to low-power automatic weapons, such as pistols and submachine guns.

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Semi-free bolt semi-free bolt is actually to add some extra mechanisms to the bolt to unlock it with great delay. it

An important feature of is that when the pressure in the bore is high, these additional mechanisms can provide considerable resistance, which makes the launch

Don't eject the cartridge case too much to avoid shell explosion. With the decrease of pore pressure, the resistance also decreases. For example, Germany's G3 automatic rifle.

In this automatic way. One of the advantages of semi-free bolt machine compared with free bolt machine is that the locking mechanism is greatly reduced.

Barrel recoil (recoil)-When the warhead moves in the bore, the bolt and barrel are firmly locked together.

Sit back together until the warhead flies away from the gun bore, and the pressure of gunpowder and bullet body in the bore decreases, and the unlocking action is completed. This automatic way

This weapon is especially used in armored vehicles, because it can be unlocked at a relatively low bore pressure, so that the car body will not

Cause more gunpowder gas pollution. The distance between the barrel and the bolt after firing is equal to or greater than the distance caused by the gun.

The bullet used is long, which is called barrel recoil, such as after shooting; The barrel is separated from the latch by a certain distance, and then the lock is opened.

The bolt machine continues to recoil by inertia to complete the actions of shell withdrawal, slingshot, locking and firing, which is called short barrel recoil.

Air-guided type-the piston is pushed by gunpowder gas led out of the bore, which drives the bolt holder and bolt to recoil, thus completing spontaneous combustion.

Move it. The biggest advantage of air-guided weapon is that it can adjust the output of gunpowder gas with the help of gas regulator as needed.

This can reduce the failure rate when shooting. At present, this automatic mode is widely used in China's light weapons.

Air duct type-Air duct type, but no piston is used. The gunpowder gas escapes from the airway and flows through the airway.

, directly transfer its energy to the latch frame, and then drive the latch to unlock and sit down. American M 16 rifle, improved by China 1.

2.7mm large caliber machine guns all use this hairstyle. The advantage of this method is that it can reduce the weight of moving parts. bullet

Airway is easy to produce dirt and residue after shooting for a period of time. If it is not wiped in time, it may fail.

Caliber-the inside diameter of the gun and barrel. Rifle weapon refers to the distance between two opposite rifling lines. Caliber is usually based on

Calculated in millimeters, guns below 20 mm are considered as guns, and guns above 20 mm are considered as guns.

Rifle-also known as double thread, spiral concave-convex line in the gun bore. The concave part is called the mother rifling, and the convex part.

Some of them are called male rifling. The function of rifling is to make the warhead rotate, so as to maintain flight stability, improve hit accuracy and increase

Very penetrating. The rifling of our existing weapons is spiral.

Smooth bore-smooth barrel wall without rifling. Smooth-bore weapons can fire shotguns, and arrow-shaped projectiles and tails are stable.

Play, etc

Gun body axis-an imaginary straight line passing through the center of a gun body (such as a barrel).

Winding angle-the angle between the tangent of any point on the rifling and the parallel line of the barrel axis. Chinese 1954 style hand

Guns, 1956 assault rifles and 1953 heavy machine guns all have a first chord angle of 5 degrees and 42 minutes.

Winding degree-The winding degree of rifling wound on the barrel according to the winding angle is called lead. The multiple of lead and caliber is called winding.

Degree. The lead of rifle machine gun in China is 240mm, which is about 3. 15 times of the muzzle, that is, the first chord is 3. 15.

Latch mechanism-The latch mechanism of light weapons can usually be used to complete ammunition transportation, locking, firing, unlocking, shell unloading and so on.

Action.

Acceleration mechanism-in a certain type of automatic weapon, a mechanism that accelerates the movement of its mechanism, as in

In short barrel recoil weapons, except pistols, acceleration mechanism is generally used to transfer part of the energy of the barrel to the bolt.

Locking mechanism-The main function of locking mechanism is to lock the gun chamber, resist the shell casing and prevent fire when the weapon is fired.

The drug gas escapes backward, ensuring accurate and reliable discharge.

Trigger Gravitation-The force required to press the trigger to fire the weapon when it is ready. The trigger attraction should be moderate,

Too big, easy to change the aiming position; It's too small. It's easy to happen.

Trigger holder-generally located under the shell, semi-circular or semi-oval, to protect the trigger and prevent accidents.

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Locking clearance-also known as elastic low clearance. After the weapon is locked, when the bolt approaches the locking support surface on the housing, the gun

When the shell is close to the barrel with inclined shoulder or bottom edge, the distance between the bottom surface of the bullet and the plane of the bottom socket of the bolt machine is called bottom clearance.

If the bottom plane of the bullet is close to the bottom plane of the bolt box, the distance between the locking support surfaces on the bolt box is called the locking chamber.

Gap.

Airway-a tube connected to the barrel of an air-guided weapon, which contains a piston, and one end of the piston rod is connected to a movable machine.

When launching, the warhead passes through the air guide hole in the hall, and the gunpowder gas escapes from this hole, pushing the piston to complete the automatic circulation.

Action.

Air guide hole-a small hole in the barrel of an air guide weapon through which gunpowder gas flows into the air guide pipe to push the piston.

Complete all kinds of actions.

Mechanical sight-generally refers to the metal sight used in machinery, such as ruler, sight, measuring hole, etc. Vocabulary of English terms

An airplane is an "iron anchor", which is relative to an optical sight.

Ink hole sight-metal sight. Usually, there is a small ink hole on the gauge of this kind of sight.

It cooperates with the sight to aim at the target.

Optical sight-also known as optical sight-is a aiming device made by using optical principle, and it is also composed of lens, mirror body and

Lighting equipment.

The infrared sight illuminates the target with a near-infrared light source, and the target reflects infrared light to make photoelectric conversion imaging.

An instrument aimed at night. It consists of infrared searchlight, photoelectric transformer, sight and power supply.

Gun air defense sight-an annular contraction sight, which is mainly used to shoot air targets and consists of a base and a front part.

After the collimator.

Low-light-level night vision device-an outdoor sight with image intensifier as the core device, which does not need infrared detector when working.

The lamp illuminates the target, and the light reflected by the target in weak light is enhanced by the image intensifier on the fluorescent screen.

The eyes can feel the visible images of observing and aiming at the target.

Portal sight-consists of portal and sight, used for aiming when shooting. According to the door, there are different shapes: semicircle.

, rectangle, triangle, etc. Sights also have different structural forms such as rectangles and triangles.

Aiming disk-a hard disk with a bull's-eye in the middle and a small hole in the bull's-eye, and then hung on a stake for training.

Use when practicing aiming.

Slot-also known as "photo door", is a part of the aiming device, which is usually located on the scale and is square and triangular.

There are several kinds of semicircles and round holes. It forms the aiming baseline with the aiming sight.

Sight-part of a sight device. Usually at the upper end of the muzzle. There are cylinders, triangles, rectangles and so on.

Kindness It supplements the gap of the ruler and forms the aiming baseline. Some can be corrected by moving in the direction and height.

Normal Scale-Same as Scale "3". It is usually indicated by "II" or "D" on the dashboard.

. When it is too late to measure the distance and change the scale to distinguish, you can directly aim at the lower part of the target with the ordinary scale to shoot.

Strike.

Aiming rod-a benchmark, as an auxiliary aiming point, to determine the correct direction angle and height angle of the gun.

This term is used for artillery firing.

Photoelectric rangefinder, also known as light speed rangefinder, is an instrument for accurate ranging with modulated light waves, and the ranging range can reach 25.

Kilometers or so, it can also be used for night work.

Infrared rangefinder-an instrument that uses modulated infrared light to accurately measure distance. The measuring range is generally 1-5km.

Laser rangefinder-a precision ranging instrument with laser as light source. If the laser is continuously emitted, the range can reach 40.

About kilometers, and can work day and night. If the laser is pulsed, the absolute accuracy is generally low, but it is used for long distance.

Judging from the measurement results, it can achieve better relative accuracy.

Microwave rangefinder-an instrument that uses microwave as a carrier to accurately measure distance. Simple operation and high ranging accuracy,

The voyage is greater than 10 km.

Hammer-a component used to strike the end of an injection to advance the primer of a bullet. There are rotary and straight hammers.

There are two kinds of verbs.

Hammer shaft-the shaft pin that fixes the hammer in a certain position of the weapon, on which the hammer can rotate.

Hammer wrench-the wrench-shaped solid ear exposed on the hammer is a small lever, which is convenient for moving the hammer by hand.

Hammer support-a part of the launching mechanism to support the hammer.

Small grip-the handle under the rifle is similar to the pistol grip, and the shooter can hold it with eleven hands. The job of a small handle will never be

The close-shoulder shooting weapon increases the support, which can reduce the recoil and improve the shooting accuracy.

Grip-the part of a firearm that can be held by five fingers. It is called the handshake gun and revolver, but in

Rifles and muskets are called small guns.

Small grip sleeve-a sleeve installed on the small grip of rifles and muskets to protect the edge and bottom of the small grip.

Face is protected from impact. The small grip sleeve can be used to lengthen and strengthen the small grip.

Nameplate of the grip-The grip shows the manufacturer's design or inscription, usually a shield-shaped metal plate.

Barrel life-generally refers to the amount of ammunition that a weapon can launch before it loses its ballistic performance. Balance of barrel life

Quantity standard usually has the following three methods:

1. The radius of the circle is increasing-generally speaking, the shooting distance of 100 meters includes 50% and a half of the total number of circles.

When the diameter is 2-2.5 times of that at the beginning of shooting, the life of the barrel ends.

2. The number of elliptical holes at the impact point-the major axis and minor axis of bullet holes on the target when shooting at the distance of 100m.

When the ratio is greater than 1.2, it can be considered as an elliptical hole. When the oval hole of small caliber firearms reaches 20% and the oval hole of large caliber firearms reaches 50%, that is

Think that barrel life is over.

3. The muzzle velocity drops beyond the allowable value-generally allowable value, which is 50% for small caliber firearms and 10% for large caliber firearms.

That is, the life of the barrel is over.

Chrome plating on the barrel-from the barrel bore, the inner surface is coated with a chromium layer of 35-440 microns. The higher the temperature rises, the more chromium is plated.

The thicker the layer should be. This is the main method to improve the life of the barrel at present.

Bucket shape-Bucket shape is often combined with other parts as needed. Such as quasi-constellations, feet, thorns

Knife rest, air guide hoop, air sleeve, handle, etc. In order to facilitate processing and control the wall thickness difference, and avoid irregular appearance.

Barrel shape is usually designed as a rotating body.

The tail of the barrel-usually connected with the sleeve or socket, the shape of the end face of the tail, and the types of locking mechanism and shell withdrawing mechanism.

Related. The end face of the barrel and the axis of the bore are the main design criteria of the bore. In order to withstand the impact of bolts and reduce

The small bore diameter can still ensure the strength when launching and reduce the wear of the muzzle, and the gun tail is often quenched locally.

Muzzle shape-Muzzle shape has a great influence on the firing accuracy of weapons. The geometry of the muzzle must be regular.

Symmetry, the end face should be perpendicular to the axis of the gun bore, which is not easy to be bruised in service.

Range-the horizontal distance from the ballistic starting point to the muzzle impact point. Divided into maximum range and effective range.

Effective range-also known as effective shooting distance, the distance that a weapon can obtain reliable shooting effect when shooting various targets.

. The effective range of various weapons depends on their performance and target type.

Maximum range-the maximum distance that a projectile can fly. It is one of the tactical and technical attributes of weapons.

Maximum range angle-the shooting angle at which the maximum horizontal range can be obtained. The maximum range angle of vacuum trajectory is 45 degrees, while air bomb

The maximum range angle of the road varies with different weapons and ammunition.

Rate of fire-the number of bullets fired by the shooting weapon in 1 min. Divided into combat firing rate and theoretical firing rate.

Combat firing rate-also known as actual firing rate, the number of bullets fired by shooting weapons in a battle within 1 minute. When calculating, including aiming

Time required for aiming, shooting, reloading and displacement shooting.

Theoretical firing rate-also known as firing frequency, can be continuously fired within 1 minute through calculation and test.

Number of bullets. In the calculation, only the time required for one working cycle of the moving parts is considered, and the loading and aiming time are not considered.

Nor does it consider factors such as the influence of natural conditions on shooting.

Initial velocity-the instantaneous velocity of the warhead when it leaves the gun (gun) mouth. The same warhead, high muzzle velocity, long range and penetrating power.

Strong force, on the contrary, small force.

Storage speed-the speed of the warhead at a certain point in the trajectory.

Terminal velocity-the velocity of the warhead at the impact point.

Combat weight-also known as total combat weight, all crew, ammunition, oil and coolant, tools and spare parts on board.

The total weight of the chariot when equipped with accessories. According to the combat weight, it can be calculated whether the vehicle can cross the bridge and whether it is reasonable.

Organize transportation.

Penetration-also known as penetration, the ability of a warhead to drill into or penetrate an object. Its size mainly depends on the mass of the warhead,

The size of the warhead vitality and the nature of the material. It is usually expressed by the depth of penetration into an object.

Failure to shoot-usually due to defects in ammunition and weapons, resulting in the interruption of shooting.

Correction of shooting effect-correcting and repairing weapons that do not meet the expected shooting effect through firearms testing.

Maintenance-inspection, testing, repair, assembly, classification and recovery of weapons and equipment.

Muzzle device-installed on the muzzle of a weapon, which is realized by spraying gunpowder gas when the warhead leaves the gun bore.

Devices with certain functions, such as brakes, shock absorbers, flame arresters, etc.

Brake-installed at the muzzle, on the one hand, it reduces the forward flow of gunpowder gas through the central bullet hole, thus reducing the impact on weapons.

Recoil; On the other hand, the outflow of the self-test channel changes the direction and size of the airflow, spraying it to the side and rear, thus giving weapons.

Advance reaction. The muzzle brake is installed, which reduces the recoil force during launching, thus improving martial arts.

The device is stable in shooting and can reduce the weight of weapons.

Retreat-used in barrel retraction weapon to accelerate the recoil movement of barrel, which is conducive to the reliable completion of automatic movement.

Therefore, the firing frequency of weapons is increased.

Shock absorber-used to change the direction of some airflow flowing out of the muzzle, thus reducing muzzle jump and improving hand feel.

A device for maintaining the accuracy of continuous firing of weapons.

Flame arrester-a device that reduces muzzle light when firing. After installing a flame arrester at the muzzle, some unburned gunpowder.

Particles burn when they flow into the flame arrester, thus reducing the primary flame; At the same time, the incompletely oxidized gas is in the flame arrester.

Make the secondary flame form inside the flame arrester, so as not to be exposed to the outside world, and achieve the purpose of hiding yourself.

Silencer-a device used to reduce shooting noise. General silencers can only reduce the sound as much as possible.

Speak in a low voice

Collimator metal plug-in-a replaceable metal plate on the rod of collimator group for selection under different shooting conditions.

The most suitable sight is usually used on guns for shooting competitions.

Chamber pressure-the pressure generated in the barrel of a gun (gun) when gunpowder gas burns.

Maximum calculated bore pressure-calculated by interior ballistic formula, so that it can obtain the specified initial pressure at 20 degrees Celsius.

Maximum pore pressure at velocity value.

Maximum allowable winning pressure-Under any conditions of use, the maximum bore pressure generated by any projectile during launching is not allowed.

Allowable value.

Coefficient of bore pressure-the ratio of design bore pressure to allowable stress of barrel material.

Maximum specified bore pressure-the average value of the maximum bore pressure produced by firing a group of ammunition within the specified initial velocity range.

The value that should not be exceeded.

Combat performance-infantry weapons's characteristics and capabilities in combat. Mainly refers to the purpose, scope and tactics.

Combat speed and destructive power to the target.

Wear-loss caused by friction. The wear of the barrel bore is caused by the movement of the warhead in the bore.

This is caused by stress. Poor wiping tools or incorrect wiping methods can also lead to inner hole wear.

Gun bore repair-adopt the treatment method of slightly deepening the negative line and repairing the positive line to restore the worn gun bore to normal.

Usage status.

Cavitation-faster ablation of gunpowder gas when it escapes through small holes.

Fault-the gun can't operate normally.

Anti-corrosion-in firearms, it refers to the function of acid-resistant substances on parts, or to protect parts from corrosion.

Nature.

Anodic corrosion protection-an electrolytic method in which non-ferrous metals are anodized to achieve corrosion protection and wear protection.

Function.

Release safety-make the fuses of shells, rifle grenades and hand grenades ready, and after a certain time (delay)

Letter) or encounter obstacles (fuse) ammunition will explode.

Obstacle phenomenon.

No ignition-After the primer is hit by a needle, the ammunition will not ignite.

Punching needle extension-the size of the needle tip extending out of the front plane of the bolt. In order to ignite the primer correctly, there must be a certain

The value of needle protrusion depends on the action form and the size of primer. If the protruding amount is shorter than required, it will not get angry; if

If it is too large, the primer will easily break down and leak smoke.

Bullet-commonly known as bullet, consists of warhead, shell, propellant and primer. Step, machine gun bullets are divided into general.

Through bombs and special bombs. Ordinary bombs include light bombs and heavy bombs, and special bombs include tracer bombs, incendiary bombs, armor-piercing bombs and armor-piercing incendiary bombs.

Wait a minute.

Ordinary bullets-ordinary bullets used to kill vivid troops. Warhead armor has a lead core or a steel core, which is light and heavy.

There are two kinds of bombs, and flick is a common bomb. The heavy bomb warhead is slightly heavier, its muzzle velocity is slightly lower, and its ballistic performance beyond 400 meters is better, so it is multi-purpose.

Shoot long-range targets with sniper rifles and heavy machine guns.

Tracer-a bullet with tracer at the tail of the warhead, which can emit light to show the bullet trace during flight. The head of the warhead is coated with

Green sign. Mainly used for test firing and indicating targets.

Molotov flask-a bullet with an incendiary agent in the warhead. The head of the warhead is marked with red. After the warhead hits the target,

The incendiary agent catches fire, igniting flammable objects, burning and burning enemy personnel and materials.