Battle of Jingnan

Wen Jian's disappearance is an eternal mystery.

The battle of Jingnan was a battle for the throne within the ruling class that broke out shortly after the death of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. From the first year (1399), Judy, the prince of Yan, rebelled against the imperial court in the name of "the evil of clearing the border", and was enthroned by the prince in four years, which lasted four years.

Zhu Yuanzhang, who ascended the throne by the leader of the peasant uprising, strengthened the absolute monarchy and firmly held the military and political power in the hands of the emperor in order to ensure the rule of the Zhu Ming Dynasty for generations. On the other hand, he tried his best to strengthen the power of the royal family itself by enfeoffing the kings. He sent his 24 sons and 1 prince from Sun, stationed in various strategic locations in the country, hoping to screen the royal family through them. Zhu Yuanzhang put it this way: "The world is big, so it is necessary to build a fan screen to protect the country and protect the people. Since today's philosophers are long, they should have their own titles, which are divided into towns and countries. "

From the point of view of the country, there are two main types of these princes, one is intra-abdominal and the other is frontier fortress. The blocked king set up a palace and a butler in his fief, and his status was extremely high. When princes and princes meet, they all bow down and dare not salute. Every vassal king is full of stones and has military command. In Wang Fu, there is a Prince's Guard Command post, which is in charge of the guards of the three armed forces, with 3,000 guards and 0/9,000 guards. Because the frontier kings shoulder the heavy responsibility of defending against the invasion of Mongolian nobles, there are many guards. Judy, the prince of Beiping, supported more than 65.438 million people, and Daning Wang Ning "had 80,000 armour and 6,000 wagons". They are responsible for building cities and wasteland, training ordinary soldiers, patrolling key points and supervising the construction of military equipment in frontier fortress. The king of Jin and the prince of Yan went out to the fortress many times and defeated the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty, which was especially important. The generals in the army were all under their control, and even the two kings were specially ordered to break the small things themselves and report the big things to the court. Especially the prince of Yan, because of his outstanding achievements, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered him to "control the frontier horse" and occupied a unique position.

The expansion of vassal power will inevitably pose a threat to the central government. When Zhu Yuanzhang sealed the kings, a man named Ye Boju pointed out that the influence of the princes was too heavy, and it would be too great to lose them after several generations. I am afraid that it will lead to the tragedy of the "Seven Kingdoms Rebellion" in the Han Dynasty and the "Eight Kings Rebellion" in the Western Jin Dynasty, reminding Zhu Yuanzhang to "reduce the capital system, reduce guards and limit the territory." Zhu Yuanzhang not only refused to listen to advice, but put Ye in prison and executed him.

The development of the situation far exceeded Ye Boju's expectation. After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, the contradiction between the central government and the captaincy broke out immediately.

In the 25th year of Hongwu (1392), Prince Zhu Biao died of illness, and Zhu Yuanzhang made Zhu Yunwen, the eldest son of the Prince, the great grandson of the emperor. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang died, and Zhu Yunwen ascended the throne as his emperor. When Zhu Yunwen was the emperor's great-grandson, he was dissatisfied with the captaincy, so he discussed with his Bandu and Huang Zicheng the measures to separate the vassals. That is, after he ascended the throne, he adopted the suggestions of ministers Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng, and decided to cut off the titles of several weaker princes first, and then operate on the most powerful prince Judy, so that the princes could not control the civil and military officials. Contradictions within the royal family quickly intensified. Wen Jian ordered his generals to keep an eye on Judy and seize the opportunity to arrest him. After receiving the news, Judy immediately lured and killed the general who came to perform the surveillance and arrest task, and rose up in July of the first year of Wenjian (1399) to rebel against the court.

When Zhu Yuanzhang was in power, he was afraid that the powerful minister would usurp power, and stipulated that Francisco Wang Youquan should beg traitors from the central authorities and send troops to Jun Qing. He said in the "Instructions for Imperial Ancestors": "When there are no officials and ministers in the DPRK, there must be traitors among them, and they will send troops to punish them in order to clear the monarch." Based on this, Judy called Ji Tai and Huang Zicheng treacherous court officials and called their behavior "Jingnan", which means Jingnan. Therefore, in history, it is called the "Jingnan War" of the internal struggle of the royal family in Zhu Ming.

Soon after Judy set out, she captured Juyongguan, Huailai and Miyun in the north of Peiping and Jizhou, Zunhua and Yongping (now Lulong, Hebei) in the east, eliminating the periphery of Peiping, eliminating worries and making it easy to deal with the curious teachers of the imperial court.

After Zhu Yuanzhang wantonly killed the heroes, the imperial court had nothing to offer, so he had to use the surviving veteran, Geng Bingwen, who was nearly old and thin, as the general, and led10.3 million troops to cut the swallow. In August of the first year of Wen Jian, he studied in the Hutuo River area of Hebei Province. On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the prince took the confederate army by surprise, broke through Xiongxian County and defeated the confederate pioneers. Then, on the north bank of the Hutuo River, the main force of the Southern Army was defeated. On the recommendation of Huang Zicheng, Wen Jian heard the news that Geng Bing's army was defeated, and appointed Li Jinglong as general instead of Geng Bingwen to fight against the Yan army.

Li Jinglong, originally the son of Kao, knew nothing about soldiers, and was "arrogant when he was narrow-minded and arrogant when he was insatiable." In September, from Li Jinglong to Dezhou, we gathered Geng Bingwen's skirmishers and deployed various military forces, with a total of 500,000 troops stationed in the river. When he discovered the deployment of Li Jinglong's army, he said with a smile: Sun Tzu's Art of War failed five times, all of which were caused by Li, and his soldiers were bound to fail. This is that the decree is not repaired, and he is centrifugal up and down; Soldiers don't adapt to the frost and snow climate in Beiping, and lack food and grass; Regardless of risks and ease, in-depth profitability; Eager to win, headstrong, but lacking wisdom and trust, benevolence and courage; His department is full of rabble and disunity. In order to lure the enemy deeper, he made up his mind to ask Yao to assist the prince to stay in Peiping, while himself led an army to rescue Yongping, who was attacked by Liaodong Army, and warned:

"When Li Jinglong comes, he should only stick to it and not play." Judy also withdrew the troops from Lugouqiao.

Facts have proved that Judy's measures are effective. Li Jinglong heard that Judy led an army to aid Yongping and came to Peiping at the gates in October. When I passed the Lugou Bridge, I was delighted to see that there were no guards. I don't think Judy can leave the bridge unguarded. At this point, Zhu Gaochi was closely deployed in Beiping City, desperately guarding it. Li Jinglong, on the other hand, was lax in command, made mistakes in command, and besieged the city several times, all of which were repelled. Qu Neng, commander-in-chief of the Confederate army, led more than a thousand soldiers to kill Zhang Yemen, but the support failed and he had to stop attacking. Because of Li Jinglong's greed, Qu missed the opportunity to wait for the big troops to attack together. Yan Jun got a rest and splashed water on the wall all night. It was bitterly cold. Confederate troops could not attack the city until the next day.