What is the battery made of?

What is the composition of the battery? 1. dry cell (commonly used as carbon-zinc dry cell): the negative electrode is a cylinder made of zinc, with ammonium chloride as electrolyte, a small amount of zinc chloride, inert filler and water as paste electrolyte, and the positive electrode is a carbon rod surrounded by paste electrolyte doped with manganese dioxide. The electrode reaction is that the zinc atom of the negative electrode becomes zinc ion (Zn++), releasing electrons, and the ammonium ion (NH4+) of the positive electrode gains electrons and becomes ammonia and hydrogen. Hydrogen is driven away by manganese dioxide, eliminating polarization. The electromotive force is about 1.5 volts.

2. The most commonly used is lead storage battery, whose polar plate is a grid made of lead alloy, and the electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid. Both boards are covered with lead sulfate. However, after charging, the lead sulfate on the electrode plate of the positive electrode is converted into lead dioxide, and the lead sulfate of the negative electrode is converted into metallic lead. When discharging, a chemical reaction in the opposite direction occurs.

3. Lead-crystal battery: Lead-crystal battery adopts proprietary technology, and the high-conductivity silicate electrolyte is a composite modification of the traditional lead-acid battery electrolyte, and the acid-free fog internalization process is an innovation of the setting process.

4. Iron-nickel battery: also called Edison battery. Lead battery is an acid battery, but the electrolyte of iron-nickel battery is an alkaline potassium hydroxide solution, which is an alkaline battery. Its anode is nickel oxide and its cathode is iron. The electromotive force is about 1.3 ~ 1.4 volts. Its advantages are portability, long service life and easy maintenance, but its disadvantage is low efficiency.

5. Nickel-cadmium battery: positive electrode is nickel hydroxide, negative electrode is cadmium, and electrolyte is potassium hydroxide solution.

6. Silver-zinc battery: the anode is silver oxide, the cathode is zinc, and the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide solution.

7. Fuel cell: A fuel cell consists of fuel (such as hydrogen and methane), oxidant (such as oxygen and air), electrode and electrolyte.

8. Solar cell: A device that converts the energy of sunlight into electric energy.

9. Nuclear battery: a device that directly converts nuclear energy into electric energy (the current nuclear power generation device uses nuclear fission energy to heat steam to drive a generator to generate electricity, but it cannot directly convert nuclear energy released during nuclear fission into electric energy).

10. alkaline battery: alkaline battery is the most successful large-capacity dry battery and one of the most cost-effective batteries at present. The alkaline battery uses manganese dioxide as the positive electrode, zinc as the negative electrode and potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte.

1 1. Lithium battery: a battery with lithium as the negative electrode. According to the different electrolytes used, it can be divided into: ① high temperature molten salt lithium battery; ② Organic electrolyte lithium battery; ③ inorganic non-aqueous electrolyte lithium battery; ④ Solid lithium battery

Electrolyte lithium battery; ⑤ Lithium water battery. Lithium battery has the advantages of high voltage, large specific energy, long storage life (up to 10 year) and good high and low temperature performance, and can be used at -40 ~ 150℃.

What is the composition of the battery? Chemical power sources are often called batteries. It is a device that directly converts the energy released by the chemical reaction of substances into electric energy. As the name implies, a battery is a fully charged pool, especially a pool. The voltage and capacity of the battery are similar to the water level and storage capacity of the pool. Battery voltage indicates how much electric energy the battery can release, and battery capacity indicates how much electric energy the battery stores.

Any battery consists of four parts, namely, electrode, electrolyte, diaphragm and shell.

Electrode is the core part of the battery, which is generally composed of active material and conductive skeleton. Active substances are substances that can release electric energy through chemical changes, and the conductive skeleton mainly plays the role of conducting electrons and supporting active substances. The electrodes in the battery are divided into positive electrode (electricity) and negative electrode (electricity). The end marked with "+"is positive, and the end marked with "-"is negative.

The knowledge of battery model is generally divided into: 1, No.2, No.3, No.5, No.7, among which No.5 and No.7 are particularly commonly used, and AA and AAA both represent battery models; With the development of science and technology, dry batteries have developed into a large family, and there are about 100 kinds so far. Common ones are zinc-manganese dry battery, alkaline zinc-manganese dry battery, magnesium-manganese dry battery, zinc-air battery, zinc-mercury oxide battery, zinc-silver oxide battery, lithium-manganese battery and so on.

For the most widely used zinc-manganese dry batteries, they can be divided into paste-type zinc-manganese dry batteries, cardboard-type zinc-manganese dry batteries, thin-film zinc-manganese dry batteries, zinc-manganese chloride dry batteries, alkaline zinc-manganese dry batteries, four-pole parallel zinc-manganese dry batteries and laminated zinc-manganese dry batteries.

Zinc-manganese dry battery is commonly used in daily life.

Cathode material: manganese dioxide, graphite rod.

Negative electrode material: zinc sheet

Electrolytes: ammonium chloride, zinc chloride and starch paste.

The battery symbol can be expressed as

(-) Zn|ZnCl2, NH4Cl (paste) ‖ MnO2 | C (graphite) (+)

Negative electrode: Zn = Zn2++2e

Positive electrode: 2mno2+2nh4++2e = mn2o3+2nh3+H2O.

Total reaction: Zn+2mno2+2nh4+= 2zn2++Mn2O3+2nh3+H2O.

The electromotive force of Zn-Mn dry battery is 1.5V, and the generated NH3 gas is adsorbed by graphite, which leads to the rapid decrease of electromotive force. If the paste KOH with high conductivity is used instead of NH4Cl, the cathode material is changed to steel cylinder, and the MnO2 _ 2 layer is close to the steel cylinder, an alkaline zinc-manganese dry battery is formed. Because the battery does not produce gas, the internal resistance is low, and the electromotive force 1.5V is relatively stable.

Dry battery belongs to the primary battery in chemical power supply and is a disposable battery. It uses manganese dioxide as the positive electrode and zinc tube as the negative electrode, and converts chemical energy into electrical energy for external circuits. Because zinc is more active than manganese in chemical reactions, zinc loses electrons and is oxidized, while manganese gains electrons and is reduced.

The lithium battery of mobile phone is mainly composed of upper and lower covers of plastic shell, lithium battery core, protective circuit board (PCB) and recyclable fuse. Some manufacturers are also equipped with NTC, identification resistor, vibration motor or charging circuit and other components. The functions of each part are as follows: (1) Lithium battery: providing charging power. (2) Protect the PCB: prevent the battery from overcharge, overdischarge and short circuit. (3) Recoverable fuse (PTC): The positive thermistor plays a high-temperature protection role and is also a double protection to protect the circuit board from failure. (4) Recoverable fuse (NTC): negative thermistor, which senses the internal temperature of the battery and plays a role in low temperature protection. (5) Identification resistance: Identify that the original battery and the non-original battery cannot be used.

Lithium-ion batteries are developed from lithium batteries. So before introducing lithium ion, introduce lithium battery first. For example, button cell used for cameras in the past belongs to lithium batteries. The anode material of lithium battery is manganese dioxide or thionyl chloride, and the cathode is lithium. After the battery is assembled, the battery has voltage and does not need to be charged. This kind of battery may be charged, but its cycle performance is not good. In the process of charge and discharge cycle, lithium dendrites are easy to form, which leads to short circuit inside the battery, so it is generally forbidden to charge this kind of battery. Later, Sony Corporation of Japan invented a lithium-ion battery with carbon material as the negative electrode and lithium-containing compound as the positive electrode. In the process of charging and discharging, there is no metallic lithium, only lithium ion. When the battery is charged, lithium ions are generated at the positive electrode of the battery, and the generated lithium ions move to the negative electrode through the electrolyte. As a negative electrode, carbon has a layered structure with many micropores, and lithium ions reaching the negative electrode are embedded in the micropores of the carbon layer. The more lithium ions are embedded, the higher the charging capacity. Similarly, when the battery is discharged (that is, when we use the battery), lithium ions embedded in the negative carbon layer come out and move back to the positive electrode. The more lithium ions returned to the positive electrode, the higher the discharge capacity. What we usually call battery capacity refers to discharge capacity. In the process of lithium ion charging and discharging, lithium ion is in a state of movement from positive electrode to negative electrode and then to positive electrode. Lithium-ion battery is like a rocking chair. The two ends of the rocking chair are the poles of the battery, and lithium ions run back and forth in the rocking chair like athletes. So lithium-ion battery is also called rocking chair battery.

Excuse me, what is the battery of electric car made of? Battery is a device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It is a rechargeable battery, which can be charged by reversible chemical reaction. Usually refers to lead-acid battery, which is a kind of battery and belongs to secondary battery. Its working principle: when charging, external electric energy is used to regenerate the internal active substances, and the electric energy is stored as chemical energy, and when it needs to be discharged, the chemical energy is converted into electric energy for output again, such as mobile phone batteries commonly used in life.

It uses a lead substrate grid filled with sponge lead as a negative electrode, a lead substrate grid filled with lead dioxide as a positive electrode, and dilute sulfuric acid with the density of1.26-1.33g/mlg/ml as an electrolyte. When the battery is discharged, metal lead is the negative electrode, and oxidation reaction occurs to generate lead sulfate; Lead dioxide is the positive electrode, and lead sulfate is generated by reduction reaction. When the battery is charged with direct current, lead and lead dioxide are produced at the two poles respectively. After the power supply is removed, it returns to the state before discharge, forming a chemical battery. The lead-acid battery can be repeatedly charged and discharged, and its single cell voltage is 2V. A battery is a battery pack composed of one or more monomers, which is called battery for short. The most common battery is 6V, and there are other batteries of 2V, 4V, 8V and 24V. For example, the battery for electric vehicles (commonly known as batteries) is a 12V battery pack composed of six lead batteries connected in series.

What is the composition of the battery? 1. composition of battery: composition of dry battery and rechargeable battery: zinc sheet (iron sheet), carbon rod, mercury, sulfate and copper cap; The battery is mainly composed of lead compounds. For example, 1 waste zinc-manganese battery weighs about 70g, including 5.2g carbon rod, 7.0g zinc skin, 25g manganese powder, 0.5g copper cap and 32g others.

2. Structure of lithium battery.

The structure of lithium battery is very simple, as shown in the figure. As for the actual battery, the structure is more complicated. For example, the cylindrical battery of 18650, in which all the layers are in the form of sheets, is a cylindrical battery when rolled up. In addition, there should be an exhaust safety valve to prevent lithium ions from escaping through mechanisms such as the negative electrode.

What is the battery of DJI Royal UAV? Lithium battery, lithium power battery.

What is the composition of the paint? Modern coatings are synthesized from different organic resins and raw materials, and all kinds of coatings and powders are composed of four main components: wet paint coating resin+pigment+additive+solvent powder coating powder resin+pigment+additive+curing agent.

composition

Objective resin

It is a high molecular substance and forms the final film.

Determine the machinability, constructability and application of the coating.

Determine the pigment selection of other ingredients

Provide decorative functions such as coloring and covering.

Provide anti-rust, anti-fouling and other protective functions.

Give the coating proper fluidity.

Mechanical and weather-resistant solvents for auxiliary coating

Provides processability as a dispersion resin and pigment.

Auxiliary agent/additive for adjust viscosity of coating to enhance its processability

Complement and enhance the machinability, storage, construction and physical properties of coatings.

Paints can be roughly divided into oily paints and water-based paints according to their components. Oil-based paint, such as kerosene-based paint for ultra-finishing in bearing factory, with a small amount of mechanical oil. Oil-based paint generally only contains solid impurities such as abrasive particles and chips after processing. In use, clean paint can be obtained only by separating the solid impurities, so its treatment is relatively simple. The other is water-based paint, represented by emulsion, in which fine oil droplets are highly dispersed in water, and the emulsion also contains various additives such as surfactants and rust inhibitors. After the emulsion passes through the processing site, it contains solid impurities such as abrasive particles and chips, which are easy to breed microorganisms. Microorganisms include bacteria, molds and fungi. In general, it is not advisable to use water with hardness exceeding the recommended hardness, because calcium and magnesium ions contained in high-hardness water will make anionic surfactants fail, the emulsion will decompose, and water-insoluble metal soaps will appear. Even if the emulsion is made of nonionic surfactant, a large number of metal ions can aggregate micelles, thus affecting the stability of the emulsion. Too soft water is not suitable for use, and the paint prepared with too soft water is easy to produce a lot of foam during use. The dilution of coating is related to the stability of emulsion. Before using the paint, it is necessary to determine the dilution ratio and the required emulsion volume, and then calculate the amount of paint stock solution and water. When diluting, you should choose a clean container, pour all the water you need into the container, and then add the stock solution with low-speed stirring. When preparing, the adding speed of the stock solution should be based on the fact that there is no unemulsified stock solution. Please note that the procedure of adding stock solution and water cannot be reversed. In order to prolong the service life of emulsion, paint maintenance is also a very important factor besides selecting appropriate quality and using coolant reasonably. Ensure that the liquid circulation pipeline is unblocked. Remove metal chips, metal powder, mold mucus, paint itself decomposition, grinding wheel ash, etc. So as not to be blocked by paint.

Paint is an important part of interior decoration. High-quality paint can not only make up for the defects of previous decoration, but also improve the grade and level of the whole decoration.

Polyester paint is one of the main wood paints used in interior decoration at present, which has the characteristics of thick film, high hardness, high transparency, good handle, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and yellowing resistance. Nowadays, the coating brands are dazzling, which makes us laymen often unable to start. Here are some simple selection methods. 1. Look at the label of the paint package.

There should be product name, implementation standard number, origin, model, specification, instructions for use, etc. If it is a well-known brand, it will generally be accompanied by a national inspection-free certificate and a famous brand certificate. 2. See if it meets the standards

At the time of purchase, the seller may be required to provide qualified environmental inspection reports. Buy the heaviest package.

Lift the paint bucket and shake it. If there is a sparse sound, it means that the paint packaging is insufficient and the weight is insufficient.

Less than two, the viscosity is too low, the regular manufacturer is genuine, and you can hardly hear the sound when you shake it. 4. Buy the one that spends the least.

Ask the seller about the number and area of painting, calculate the consumption and material cost per square meter,

Don't be deceived by the unit price of each group (barrel). 5. Buy something with strong professional support.

Good quality products are often more professional, providing technical guidance and after-sales service according to different sectors.

What is the material of the watch core? 1, thallium

1923, Harhot passed by the playground and saw the children playing on the seesaw. He was inspired to invent the automatic control lever placed in the center of the back of the movement. But he didn't use the bearing type, and there was only one shaft in the center, which didn't play an auxiliary role. At both ends of the tuo are iron feet, which bounce against the wall, which is called hitting the tuo. This method is inefficient. Later, other brands (such as Omega constellation in the forties and fifties) switched to springs to provide stronger reaction.

2. Automatic compensation

The change of temperature has a negative effect on mechanical watches, because the temperature will change the elasticity of steel hairspring. High temperature will cause the balance to slow down and accelerate. JOHN ARNOLD invented the truncated bimetallic compensation balance in England to resist the influence of temperature on steel hairspring at that time. The edge of the balance consists of two metals. When the temperature inside steel is very high, the expansion coefficient of brass is higher than that of steel. He forced the cut-off of the balance to bend inward, reducing the radius of the balance and making it faster. The elongation temperature of the compensation hairspring is low, and the balance ring opens outward, which slows down the balance speed (many middle and high-priced meters have useful diagrams, so you can find them yourself and recognize that the balance ring is broken and there are two breaks).

3. Distribution mechanism and counter (escapement mechanism)

The escapement mechanism is a mechanism (speed regulating mechanism) that pulls between the gear train and the oscillator. Its function is to distribute a small amount of energy to the oscillator whenever it passes through the dead center. The definition of "dead point" is the static position occupied by the oscillator when it stops. When starting, the oscillator starts to swing from the dead center. Every time it swings, one tooth of the escape wheel must be disengaged, so that the gear train and the pointer can rotate with a very small jump, and the oscillator has a very uniform follow-up frequency.

At the very short moment when the escapement releases the gear train, the escapement stops, and the oscillator stops only when the spring energy is exhausted. In other words, in this brief moment, the gear train allocated a small amount of energy to the oscillator. You can see the tremor on the second hand. Up to now, more than ten kinds of escapements have been developed in the world.

Nowadays, almost all mechanical watches are equipped with the same type of escapement, which is called "Swiss fork escapement". It is characterized in that the middle part looks like a ship rivet and is installed between the escape wheel and the balance wheel. The two drill blades alternately stop the escape gear teeth and stop them. Whenever the vibrator passes through the dead center, no matter which direction, the disc drill shoe is embedded in the fork head of the escapement fork. Therefore, one tooth of the escape wheel is released and jumps forward, and at the same time, a small amount of energy is distributed to the oscillator.

Except for a short moment when the escapement touches the oscillator through the middle of the fork, the oscillator is absolutely released and is not affected by its maintenance mechanism. This is a basic condition for the watch to be accurately adjusted. In the field of clocks and watches, a rare escapement that enjoys this advantage is called release escapement. The fork escapement is a release escapement. First generation release escapement mechanism

It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that watches were made public.

4, speed regulating mechanism (oscillator)

Speed regulating mechanism or oscillator is the real heart of clocks and watches. In a clock, an oscillator is a pendulum. In a watch, the speed regulating mechanism is a part made up of two parts. These two parts are a. Balance wheel. B. The balance spring is a circular flywheel, which is connected with its rotating shaft through two or three arms. Like all flywheels, it has a certain inertia. The hairspring is a kind of spring composed of suitable alloy sheets, which is wound into Archimedes hairspring shape. The center of the hairspring is connected with the pendulum shaft, and the other end of the hairspring is fixed in the base of the watch through an external spring. If the balance wheel moves from its equilibrium position to another direction, the balance wheel will exert a deformed ductile stress on the balance spring, which is equivalent to the rotation angle of the balance wheel. If the balance wheel is relaxed, the balance wheel will return to the equilibrium position due to the elastic force obtained by the deformation of the hairspring. When the balance wheel reaches the dead center, it is its maximum speed. Because of its momentum, it will not stop swinging, and its swinging angle is almost the same as the other side of the dead center.

In the absence of friction, the swing is eternal, but due to the existence of friction, all the above parts must be maintained to reduce the possibility of swing increasing friction. The moment of gossamer is almost synchronous. In other words, the duration of swing has nothing to do with swing. All watchmakers try their best to keep this synchronization.

Up to now, the causes of these qualitative changes have been reduced more or less. Such as tenon friction, balance error between balance wheel and balance spring, escapement mechanism, temperature, magnetism and so on.

In clocks and watches, the swing frequency of speed regulating mechanism is determined by the number of times of single stroke alternation per hour. Each alternately corresponds to a rack of the escape wheel. The most commonly used frequencies are 18000a/h(2.5 Hz), 2 1600 a/h(3 Hz) and 28800 a/h(4 Hz). At present, the frequency of 28800 a/h is popular among watch manufacturers.

The watch is very small, and the exquisiteness of the machinery can be seen. This, the balance wheel and the hairspring part, is really exquisite. Modern common mechanical clock technology makes the watershed outside Datong the most obvious. From material and general to alloy and bimetal compensation, there are lotus pendulum, light pendulum, heavy pendulum and bimetal truncated pendulum. The adjustment has simple fast and slow needles, gooseneck fine adjustment and screw fine adjustment. The curve of the hairspring is different, so how many changes must be combined to ensure the accuracy and stability of the frequency, that is, whether there is any difference in simple shock absorption, and there are many kinds of changes. If you add the big change, the hour meter will be accurate, stable, lasting and beautiful. There are many means for one purpose, which is very interesting.

Which battery made of copper and iron reacts faster than that made of tin and iron? Batteries made of copper and iron react faster. Because the greater the difference in metal activity of electrode materials, the greater the tendency of active electrodes to lose electrons, and the faster the reaction of primary cells.

Excuse me, what is a computer made of? Chassis, power supply, motherboard, memory stick, CPU, hard disk, monitor, keyboard, mouse, speaker, software.

What is the composition of mobile phone battery? Mobile phone battery uses lithium battery, which is a kind of battery with lithium metal or lithium alloy as negative electrode material and non-aqueous electrolyte.

Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries contain no metallic lithium and can be charged. Lithium metal battery, the fifth generation product of rechargeable battery, was born in 1996. Its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and cost performance are better than those of lithium-ion batteries.