Who invented the seismograph?

The "seismograph after the wind" invented by Zhang Heng is made of copper and looks like a big wooden barrel with a lid that can be opened. Eight dragons are cast on the outer wall of the barrel, and the faucets are arranged in eight directions. Every dragon has a small copper ball in its mouth, and there is a bronze toad under every dragon. It holds its head high and its mouth open. There is a copper column inside the instrument, and the periphery of this copper column is connected with eight faucets through horizontal bars respectively. During the earthquake, the shock wave came, and the copper column would fall in that direction, pushing the bar and then affecting the faucet. The copper ball in the dragon's mouth will fall into the toad's mouth and make a noise, so that people can know where the earthquake happened. This seismograph is quite sensitive and accurate. /kloc-one day in 0/38, the seismograph was opening its mouth to the west and the copper ball fell. But Luoyang people didn't feel the earthquake, so some people think that the seismograph is invalid. Unexpectedly, a few days later, people in Longxi, more than 1000 miles away, reported that an earthquake had occurred there a few days ago. Since then, people have been amazed at the magic of the seismograph. Zhang Heng not only invented the seismograph, but also put forward the theory of "Huntian" and invented "Huntian". He is also the earliest astronomer in the world. Europeans didn't make seismographs (seismographs) until 1880, which was later than Zhang Heng 1700 years. Original address: kids.yam/why/article/article735.

Zhang Heng's chic/0811C43/081C43 Hou Feng seismograph was invented by Zhang Heng, a scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, in A.D. 132. According to the records of Zhang Hengchuan in the later Han Dynasty, in the first year of Yang Jia, the seismograph of Hou Feng was rebuilt. It is made of copper and has a diameter of eight feet. It is covered and raised in the shape of a wine statue, a turtle decorated with seal script, a bird and a beast. All of them are pillars, eight-way, and the engine is turned off. There are eight dragons outside. The first one is a copper pill, and the next one is a toad. Open your mouth and accept it. Its teeth are cleverly made, all hidden in respect, and its coverage is endless. Shake when there is an earthquake, send the dragon to the plane, spit pills, and hug the toad. The earthquake was so exciting that the waiters realized it. Although Yilong started the engine, Qige did not move. Finding its direction is the place where we know the earthquake. This passage has attracted the attention and research of many scholars all over the world since the second half of the19th century. As we all know, this is the earliest seismograph written record in the world, which can be used to determine the location of the source. The key mechanism of the seismograph is an inverted pendulum called "single column", and its center of gravity is higher than the swing center. When it is impacted by the earthquake shear wave, it will fall in the direction of the earthquake source due to the inertia force, thus driving the transmission parts in this direction, making the longkou in the corresponding direction flex, and the copper balls in the longkou will fall into the toad's mouth. Capital column is the power component of seismograph, and the transmission component is "parallel eight-way and engine". The seismograph created by Zhang Heng has high sensitivity and accuracy. According to records, there was an earthquake in Longxi, which was accurately detected by instruments placed in Luoyang. As a result, scholars in Beijing are "all convinced." Of course, the seismograph itself must have a firm and close connection with the stratum or the ground, or make it a part of the ground. Moreover, for P-wave earthquakes, the seismograph waiting for the wind is not necessarily effective, because under the impact of longitudinal waves on the ground, the direction of dumping is unpredictable. In terms of machinery manufacturing, Zhang Heng not only built the world's first seismograph, but also built a guided car or drum car, a wooden bird that can fly for miles, a water-turning armillary sphere that demonstrates celestial phenomena, and a calendar machine, such as "Rui Wheel Teaching". So later generations called him and Ma Jun "Mu Sheng".

Zhang Heng, a great scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, made amazing achievements. Zhang Heng (AD 78 ~ 139) was active in Luoyang, about the same time as Ptolemy, the last great scientist who advocated the theory of celestial movement and Hellenization. Zhang Heng is the director of Lingtai (an observatory with an area of 44,000 square meters and a base of 50 square meters) on the outskirts of Luoyang. He recorded in the book Lingxian: 1. The universe is infinite; 2. Distinguish the glowing sun from the unlit moon, and explain the solar eclipse and the lunar eclipse from a scientific point of view; 3. It is pointed out that there are 2500 observable stars near Luoyang, 1 1250 unobservable small stars. Also, he said in the book The Legend of Armature that the sky is like a round egg and the earth is wrapped in it like an egg yolk. 1 17 years, he made a globe that showed the movement of celestial bodies, that is, an "armillary sphere" that used water power to rotate day and night. The armillary sphere is a huge machine, which shows the North Pole, South Pole, ecliptic, equator, constant circle, star (constellation), horizon, meridian circle and so on. The circumference is one foot four feet (about four feet? Two meters). /kloc-in 0/32, he made a seismograph in the shape of a bronze wine bottle. Six years later, in 138, the seismograph detected an earthquake in Luoyang that no one felt. A few days later, an earthquake report came from Longxi (south of Gansu Province) thousands of miles away, which proved that it did happen. This incident was later recorded in Zhang Hengchuan. The seismograph was later restored by Wang Zhenduo of the Chinese History Museum, and the National History Museum in Ueno, Tokyo, Japan also has a copy. Zhang Heng is also very talented. At the age of 30, the representative work Erjing Fu (the Fu of Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, and Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty) was included in Selected Works and spread to Japan.

Reference: Miyazaki Hayao, translated by Ye Wanqi, Chapter 2 of Qin and Han Empire and Xiongnu Empire, Illustrated History of East Asia, (Taipei: Yi Culture Doctor Press, 2007), pp. 74.