Who knows what space wonders there are?

introduce

1997 is an extraordinary year. 40 years ago, on June 4th 10, the former Soviet Union sent the world's first man-made earth satellite into space by satellite launch vehicle, which realized the dream of mankind for thousands of years and opened a new era of human spaceflight. The satellite worked normally in space for about three months.

Looking back, I am filled with emotion. In the past 40 years, mankind has experienced many great successes in the space field and suffered many unbearable heavy blows. It is in this alternation of flowers, applause, tears and blood that the space industry gradually advances, which has played a powerful role in promoting the development and progress of human civilization.

Looking back on the 40-year history of human space flight, although thousands of artificial satellites with different shapes and functions have brought countless "glories" to countries all over the world, the heroes who manned space flight are the most unforgettable. Although some of them returned to their hometowns, some were covered with blood, and some continued to travel in space, their great wisdom and courage in conquering the sky will remain in people's memory forever, inspiring mankind to keep forging ahead and strive to overcome one difficulty after another on the road ahead.

The space warriors wrote their great achievements in the vast space. 196 1 year, Gagarin of the former Soviet Union took the lead in entering space and became "Cosmic Columbus"; Two years later, tereshkova, a female astronaut from the former Soviet Union, made a trip to the East? The launch of Chang 'e VI spacecraft broke the situation that male astronauts dominated the world. 1965, leonov, an astronaut of the former Soviet Union, flew off the spaceship with a safety belt for 5 meters and floated in space for 12 minutes, creating a miracle of spacewalking. 1984, the female astronaut of the former Soviet Union, Savikaya, also went on the extravehicular "race with the bull" and became the world's first "fast woman" who walked in space; Russian astronaut poliakov is even more extraordinary. He stayed in space for more than 400 days, leaving others behind.

The United States did not show weakness, and 12 astronauts landed on the moon one after another, which has amazed the world so far. Astronaut john young VI went into space, which is the most frequent astronaut in the world. Lucid, a female astronaut, not only went to the sky five times, but also kept the world record of women's manned space flight 188 days; Collins is the first female pilot of the space shuttle in the world.

Behind these heroes who conquered space, there are many touching stories, some of which even go down in history forever. Now let's go back to their time and space and once again appreciate the elegance of these flying people in space.

The world's first man into space

1961April 12 at dawn, the desolate Kazakh prairie was still chilly. Chulatan villagers went to melon fields and crops, and several people went fishing in the Syr Darya River. But 4 kilometers north of here, it is not so quiet. A huge white rocket stands on the Baikonur launch site here, which stands out against the blue sky. This is SS-6 intercontinental ballistic missile. But its top is not a nuclear warhead, but the east? The manned spaceship 1 was 1 1 just installed that night. Not far away, a train full of rocket fuel is crawling, and a red fire truck is parked next to the sand dune. Everyone present was very excited, because Major yuri gagarin, the world's first cosmonaut, was about to take off from here.

How many people spent sleepless nights for this day! Now the dream will come true. What is Gagarin's mood at this time? He boarded the platform of the launch pad with the chief designer korolev at the launch site the day before and walked to the spaceship. They stood quietly, looking at the sky, lost in thought, thinking about the upcoming flight. Korolev broke the silence and said, "Gagarin, you are so lucky. You will see our beautiful earth from an unparalleled height. However, launching and flying are not easy, and it will go through various tests, including those unexpected ones. Tomorrow's flight is risky. " Then he said consolingly, "Remember, no matter what happens, we will try our best to support you." Hearing this, Gagarin was deeply moved and nodded silently, saying that he would accomplish this glorious and arduous historical mission anyway.

On the morning of April 12, Gagarin was awakened from his dream by the doctor. He ate a special breakfast quickly, then put on his spacesuit and walked to the launch pad. When Gagarin's car appeared at the launch site, the launch site was full of vitality. The car drove all the way to the foot of the standing rocket. Gagarin, wearing a bloated orange spacesuit and a milky white helmet, stepped out of the car from the front door, followed by the designer of the spacesuit and a doctor. Gagarin went to the leading group, raised his hand and saluted, and reported, "Comrade Chairman of the State Council, the pilot Gagarin will fly in the world's first manned spaceship." Then, they embraced warmly. Then Gagarin made a brief historical speech to the press and radio, waved to the people who saw him off, and finally boarded the top platform of the launch tower.

The TV camera in the spaceship cabin turned on and Gagarin's image appeared on the screen. He is smiling and radiant.

Start preparing for 30 minutes! 10 minutes to prepare! ! Two minutes to prepare! ! ! Everyone held their breath as if the air had frozen. "Prepare-ignite 1, at 9: 07 Moscow time, the rocket slowly rises. At the same time, through the roar of the engine, Gagarin's excited farewell voice was clearly heard: "I'll go 1.

Dongfang-1 The spacecraft carried Gagarin into the orbit of artificial earth satellite, and the human space age began! He cheered in space: "How beautiful! I saw land, forests, oceans and clouds ... "Dongfang-1 The spacecraft carried Gagarin at a speed of 27,200 km/h, flying over the Soviet Union, India, Australia and the Pacific Ocean and circling the earth. He flew 108 minutes at an altitude of 330 kilometers above the ground, circled the earth once and returned to the ground safely as planned.

Although the flight was short, it opened the way for mankind to the universe. Gagarin became the world's first space hero. In order to commemorate this epoch-making feat, "4. 12" became the "Aerospace International Day of Remembrance".

Secret information about Gagarin

Gagarin 108 minute space miracle shocked the whole world and was passed down as a much-told story. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, some space secrets of that year were made public, which made people know many amazing inside stories related to them.

Not long ago, Sotheby's found the diary of Colonel karpov, the ground commander of the world's first manned space flight. The diary described the whole process of Gagarin's flight and said that Gagarin was in trouble when he returned to Earth. The return procedure is: brake the rocket to ignite, and separate the cockpit from the instrument cabin. When the cockpit descends to 7000 meters from the ground, Gagarin will be ejected from the cockpit and a parachute will be used to achieve a soft landing. Karpov wrote in his diary: "The cockpit cannot be separated from the instrument cabin in time, and the cockpit rotates wildly." Don't panic if you fail. Obviously, karpov was very nervous. The separation process originally took 10 second, but actually took 10 minute. During 10 minutes, the thrust of the braking rocket kept the spacecraft spinning and rolling. Fortunately, they finally separated, otherwise the first space messenger would never come back. After the expert analysis, it may be that the connection is improper, which makes it difficult to separate the two cabins for a while.

Western experts also believe in the authenticity of the diary, thinking that if the secret had been known at that time, President Kennedy might have postponed the US moon landing plan and conducted more manned space experiments and monkey space flight experiments on the ground in order to be safe and reliable. However, in the era of space competition between the United States and the Soviet Union, these two great powers often report good news instead of bad news.

Russia's "Red Star" introduced in detail the whole process of human beings entering space for the first time. 1959 After the first spacecraft was selected at the end of the year, 19, 1960 In September, the Central Committee of the former Soviet Union received a joint report from ustinov (vice-chairman of the Council of Ministers) and Malinowski (minister of national defense), suggesting 1960 to carry out manned spacecraft flight in February. 1960165438+10 In October, the chairman of the Central Committee of the former Soviet Union and the Council of Ministers made a decision and agreed to use Oriental? The 3A spacecraft was launched in February 1960, which is considered to be of great significance.

However, 1960, 10124 October, when the launch site was preparing to launch a new type of rocket, it exploded, killing dozens of people, including Nederlin, commander-in-chief of the strategic rocket army. To this end, the Brezhnev government conducted an investigation and postponed the launch of the Dongfang -3A spacecraft.

196 1 on March 3, 2000, the central committee of the former Soviet Union received a "top secret" report, which said that after a lot of work, seven unmanned spacecraft had been launched, including five from Dongfang-1 spacecraft and two from Dongfang -3A spacecraft. It is now entirely possible to carry out the first manned flight. Uski and many other important people signed the report. In this way, on April 3, 196 1, the Central Committee of the former Soviet Union passed a resolution on launching the Dongfang -3A spacecraft (it is generally reported that Dongfang-1 spacecraft was used).

On April 12, Gagarin boarded the spacecraft and closed the cockpit cover. He found that the instrument did not show the "seal" signal, and the chief designer and the combat team immediately eliminated the fault. Gagarin felt uncomfortable during the space flight, but he could bear it. When Gagarin returned, korolev (the chief designer of the spacecraft) called Khrushchev and said, "The parachute is open and landing, and the spacecraft is all right." Khrushchev asked, "Is man alive? Are you signaling? Alive? " All these show that the first manned space flight is not easy, especially the catapult skydiving is a test of life and death, will and courage for Gagarin.

It is also reported that on May 1960 and May 15, the first unmanned spacecraft Dongfang was launched without a heat shield, parachute system and ejection device. Its purpose is to verify the separation system between attitude control system and landing cockpit. As a result, the spacecraft did not return and was thrown into a higher orbit. On July 23 of the same year, when it was launched again, it failed due to rocket failure. /kloc-it was successfully launched for the third time in August/9, and the Oriental spacecraft landed successfully for the first time with two dogs and 50 mice. However, experts found that a dog vomited badly during the fourth week of the spacecraft orbiting the earth. Therefore, they decided to return only once around the earth after the first manned space flight. On June 5438+February 1 day of the same year, the Oriental spacecraft failed to return after carrying animals for several days, because the braking system failed. Another launch of 65438+February 2 1 day was aborted again due to rocket failure. It was not until March 9 and 20, 196 1 2000 that two spacecraft, Dongfang, carrying dogs and The Sims, were successfully launched and returned, and the central authorities of the former Soviet Union decided to conduct the first manned flight on April 3. On April 8 of the same year, Gagarin was appointed as the first astronaut in the sky. Four days later, Gagarin took off in a spaceship and became the first hero to conquer space.

Before and after Gagarin went to heaven, two astronauts died in training. 196 1 On March 23rd, 2008, when air force pilot Bondaranco was training in a dark room filled with pure oxygen, he wiped the part of his body where the sensor was fixed with alcohol cotton, and then threw it on an electrode plate, causing a fire and being burned to death. 1 962165438+1October1day, another astronaut parachuted at an altitude of 24,500 meters and died of sudden decompression due to the failure of his spacesuit. However, the former Soviet Union repeatedly denied that Gagarin's previous astronaut died on the way back from space flight, and claimed that Irinochner was injured in a car accident and could not go to heaven.

Before Gagarin went to heaven, he made 365,438+0 animal flights (altitude 65,438+065,438+00 ~ 450 km) with various biological rockets, and made 7 space flights for animal and biological culture experiments with satellites. Gagarin was also chosen from thousands of people. This shows that mankind has paid a huge price for opening the door of heaven.

mili

Gagarin 1934 was born on March 9th in a small village called Krushennori. During the war years, he was very envious of those air force pilots who defended the motherland. As an adult, he became a worker and joined the Saratov Aviation Club. When Gagarin first flew into the blue sky, he felt that everything was full of weather. From then on, he devoted himself firmly to the blue sky. He quit his job and went to study at orenburg Air Force School.

1957, 10 year 10 4 October, the former Soviet Union successfully launched the world's first artificial earth satellite, and the students of the air force school rushed to tell each other. When the students asked Gagarin "what will happen in the future", Gagarin replied: "It's time for people to fly."

After Lycra finished his space flight, the former Soviet Union began to select the country's first astronaut. At that time, some people thought that we should look for climbers who were familiar with high altitude hypoxia; Some people advocate looking for it from submarine soldiers; It is also recommended that the exploration team participate. But the final understanding is that astronauts should choose among pilots. Korolev, the chief designer of manned spacecraft, said: "It is the customary duty of pilots to complete dangerous and complicated space missions."

Karpov, who was in charge of selecting astronauts, recalled that korolev's standards for astronauts at that time were that they should be no more than 30 years old, no more than1.75m in height and no more than 72kg in weight, be diligent and eager to learn, and have the spirit of voluntary dedication to the space industry. Therefore, karpov selected 20 volunteers from 3,000 volunteers nationwide as the training targets, and finally selected 6 commandos from these 20 people, which met the highest requirements of korolev, and Gagarin was one of them. Karpov said to them, "Any one of you may become the first astronaut in the world." So how was Gagarin finally chosen?

Gagarin submitted a report on volunteering to go to heaven to the Air Force Command in June 1959. In the report, he wrote: "In order to develop the Soviet space industry, I urgently hope to conduct a space test flight ..."

In Chekalov District, about 40 kilometers northeast of Moscow, there is a famous emerging city, which people call Star City. Gagarin, they participated in space training here. At that time, it was just an airport, and all the training facilities were still under construction, which was very imperfect. Each of the six selected people has been trained in weightlessness for 4 ~ 5 times. 95 centrifugal experiments ... Gagarin can stand the test no matter in mastering scientific knowledge, being locked in a soundproof room for a long time, or spinning dizzy on a centrifuge. He is the first in everything. He is friendly and humorous, participates in social work, cares about his family, and becomes the "spiritual center" of the team, so that many things cannot be separated from him. Gagarin is called "our Gagarin".

Korolev soon noticed this clever and sharp-eyed Gagarin, and made him the first to sit in the cockpit of the Oriental spaceship and get familiar with the situation. As the launch date approaches, it is necessary to select an astronaut from the six-member commando team. Kamanin, a hero of the former Soviet Union, introduced the situation of these six people to the National Committee, saying, "They are all ready, and it is hard to say who is good or bad. But we have to choose one of them, so we recommend Gagarin as the first candidate for space flight and Stepanovich as the backup pilot. "

In this way, Gagarin became the first person to fly in space in the world. In summing up his work in space, Gagarin wrote: "I was ordered to make the first space flight in history, and I can draw the conclusion that human space flight can become a reality." The flight of the Oriental spacecraft seems to be a miracle of this century, but there is no miracle, what exists is the actual situation. Space flight is not a matter for one person or a group of people. This is a historical process in which human beings conform to the law in their development ... "。

Gagarin became the world's first space hero. Unfortunately, he died in a plane crash on March 27th, 1968 at/kloc-0. Although he has disappeared from the team of astronauts, Gagarin's name and pioneering spirit will last forever, and will be admired by generations and become a banner that inspires people to explore space.

Second, the first person to walk in space.

With the rapid development of manned space technology, it is nothing new for people to walk in space. American and Russian astronauts, in particular, often walk in space for various tests and maintenance in order to build and maintain the space station. When American astronauts repair the Hubble telescope in space, they stay for several hours at a time, and they take turns to leave the cabin. However, the first spacewalk was not so chic, because at that time, little was known about the various situations encountered in extravehicular activities, so spacewalk was considered a very risky thing. Maybe astronauts may never go back and become "human" satellites. Because of this, spacewalking has also become one of the important goals for the United States and the Soviet Union to compete for "space first". Whoever can win the title of first man to walk in space will increase his chips in the space race. As a result, the former Soviet Union won, and astronaut leonov ventured out of the cabin for 24 minutes while traveling in space on March 1965, becoming the first man to walk in space of the world. This spacewalk is hard-won, and there are many little-known inside stories.

Open the inside story of yesterday

1964, Seflin, the chief designer of the ejection seat and the extravehicular walking equipment of the former Soviet Union, learned that the United States was developing the extravehicular walking equipment and planned to use it on the Gemini spacecraft. So he immediately wrote to the authorities, calling for speeding up the development of extravehicular equipment, so as to complete this pioneering work before the United States and become famous all over the world.

But it's not as simple as he said, because the former Soviet spacecraft didn't have the airlock cabin needed for astronauts to leave the cabin. This cabin has two air doors, one of which is connected with the sealed cockpit and called the inner door; The other is an outer door that can lead to space. The gate should be opened and closed very carefully and skillfully to avoid air leakage. Before the astronauts leave the cabin, they should put on pressurized spacesuits in the spacecraft cabin, close the inner brake after leaving the cabin, and draw the air from the airlock cabin into the cabin. When the air lock cabin is equal to the outside air pressure, you can open the outer door and enter space. When the astronauts return to the cabin, the order is just the opposite. It's like a ship crossing a sluice.

At that time, the Gemini spacecraft in the United States had already set up an airlock cabin, while the ascending spacecraft in the former Soviet Union had little space, only a door fastened with nuts for astronauts to enter and exit on the ground. If the spacecraft is redesigned, the launch time will definitely lag behind the United States. Therefore, Seffrin suggests a simple inflatable air lock, which can save space. The bold plan was approved at once.

Korolev ordered Seffrin to lead a group of elite soldiers to work day and night. At first, it went well. Several airlocks were made, each containing a suit that can be deployed automatically, and the ground decompression test was carried out. Later, an unmanned flight test was carried out by satellite.

1On February 22nd, 965, Cosmos 57 satellite with simple air lock was launched. When the satellite completed the expansion of the airlock cabin and the pressurized expansion of the spacesuit in space, it suddenly exploded. The cause of the accident was that the ground personnel gave the wrong instructions and detonated the self-explosive device. Later this experiment failed twice. At this time, it is almost time to finish the task, and the situation is very urgent. If it takes a year to develop another spacecraft for testing, then the United States is likely to take the lead in spacewalking. At this time, korolev, the former Soviet space chief designer, was seriously ill, so he could only listen to Seflin's report in a nursing home. It never rains but it pours.

At this critical moment, Seflin integrated various opinions and resolutely decided to proceed as planned, and asked the Soviet Central Committee for instructions. Soon after, the KGB leader personally inspected the scene to prevent anyone from destroying it. For the sake of safety, a tight surveillance zone was set up, so everyone, including Seffrin, was nervous and afraid of any accident. Only after making sure that nothing was wrong did the supreme leader of the Soviet Union approve the first spacewalk.

Danger brings miracles.

On the morning of Moscow time 10, the Ascension 2 spacecraft roared, carrying two astronauts from the Baikonur launch site, of which Beliaev was the commander and leonov was the pilot. They entered the predetermined orbit of 497.7 km× 173.5 km by spaceship with an inclination of 64.79 degrees. After the spacecraft entered the orbit, they prepared for the spacewalk. With the help of Beliaev, leonov put a life support system backpack outside his pressure suit and began to inhale pure oxygen. After more than an hour, he left the hut. In the cabin, astronauts breathe a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. When they go into space without pressure, nitrogen in human blood may form deadly bubbles, which may lead to decompression sickness. Therefore, leonov must remove nitrogen from his blood before leaving the cabin. Life insurance backpack is used to regulate the body temperature of astronauts. In order to maintain contact and safety with the spacecraft, leonov wore a rope chain connected with the spacecraft, which was 5.35 meters long and contained a telephone line, much like a baby's umbilical cord.

When the spacecraft flew to the second lap, leonov opened the inward hatch after confirming that the cockpit was sealed. With the sound of "Good luck" from Bereyaev, leonov floated into the sealed transition cabin.

The design of the transition cabin is simple and ingenious. It consists of a passage and two hatch covers, much like an accordion. The inner cover is connected with one of the two doors of the spacecraft, and the outer cover leading to space is a movable ring cover. During the launch, the cabin remains compressed, and after the drag reduction device is thrown off the track, the transition cabin is immediately deployed and pressurized.

After leonov entered the transition cabin, he pressurized the spacesuit, checked the tightness of the transition cabin and adjusted his helmet. After that, leonov closed the canopy and entered the vast space at 1 1: 34 and 5 1 sec, becoming the first man to walk in space of the world. Afterwards, he said, when I was about to leave the cabin, I gently pushed the hatch cover and people rushed out of the hatch like a cork.

After leaving the cabin, leonov not only floated in space, but also turned a somersault. He took out a camera from the cabin and moved several objects outside the cabin. Facts have proved that space is not so terrible. As long as people wear spacesuits and life-saving backpacks, they can work and survive outside the cabin.

10 minutes later, Bereyaev reminded leonov to prepare to return to the cockpit, but at this time it was in trouble. Leonov reported that it was difficult to retrieve the camera outside the cabin. The camera was put in the transition cabin and floated away as soon as it was released. It was useless to repeat it several times. Finally, leonov pushed the camera into the passage and put it down with his feet. But by this time, leonov was exhausted and sweated more than his spacesuit could absorb. When he entered the transition cabin by himself, he encountered new problems. In order to step on the camera, his foot advanced into the transition cabin, but he couldn't get in and got stuck at the door of the cabin. This is because space is vacuum and it is impossible to put pressure on the spacesuit from the outside. At this time, the spacesuit is much more inflated than expected, like a balloon. In addition, because wearing a helmet can't wipe the sweat, the sweat flows to the eyes and the sweat blurs the mask. At this moment, leonov can't see or hear anything except his heart pounding. Suddenly he had a brainwave, deflated the spacesuit and lowered his blood pressure. Not once, not twice, not twice, not three times, until the pressure of the spacesuit drops to an extremely dangerous low limit, that is, from 40 kPa to 25 kPa. He finally entered the hatch alive in a deflated spacesuit. Leonov walked in space for 65,438+00 minutes, but it took him 65,438+04 minutes to squeeze into the hatch. After returning to the cabin, throw away the transition cabin that cannot be reused.

When the spacecraft flew to 16 lap, Beliaev was ready to ignite the braking reentry rocket to return to the ground, and then danger appeared again. During the test, it was found that there was a signal that the automatic navigation system was out of order, and it was impossible to accurately locate the spacecraft to return to the ground, so it was impossible to return to Earth as originally planned. Helpless, the spacecraft can only fly around the earth again. The ground control center said that if it fails, it will adopt the manual reentry and return mode. After a lap, Bereyaev steered Ascension 2 spacecraft into the correct orbital position as instructed, started the braking rocket and began to re-enter. The reentry process was hot and terrible, and all communication components, including the antenna, were burned by high temperature. Leonov and Bereyaev saw the molten metal outside the engine room flowing to the porthole. Because the spacecraft circled the earth one more time, their landing point deviated from the predetermined position 1300 km. The return capsule finally splashed between two fir trees on a remote hillside in the Urals Mountains, and the landing brake umbrella was wrapped high on the branches. Several search helicopters found them soon, but because of the terrain, they couldn't land, so they had to hover over them, drop food and warm clothes on them, and then flew away. This forced leonov and Bereyaev to rest on the edge of the return capsule until the next day. Local loggers repaired the helipad overnight. Rescuers glided 20 kilometers by sled to reach the astronaut landing site, finally found two astronauts who were about to freeze, took them to the newly opened helicopter landing site in the forest by sled, and transported the two space heroes back to the Baikonur launch site by helicopter.

After the spacecraft landed by manual system, deviated from the scheduled landing area and lost contact with the ground personnel, korolev, the former Soviet space chief designer, was extremely anxious and wept bitterly. Fortunately, two astronauts miraculously survived. They received a hero's welcome when they returned to Moscow.

Biography of leonov

First man to walk in space leonov 1934 was born in Listvyanka Town, Suri District, Kemerovo State, the former Soviet Union. 1957 after graduating from chuzoyev military aviation school, he worked as a pilot in the aviation unit. 1960 was elected as an astronaut. After completing the spacewalk mission, he entered zhukovsky Air Force Engineering College and graduated from 1968. 1975 July 15 ~ 20, he took the Soyuz spacecraft19 and participated in the docking and joint flight with the American Apollo spacecraft. Therefore, leonov has made an extremely important contribution in the history of human spaceflight. A crater on the back of the moon was named after him. He has won medals and medals many times. His name will go down in history forever.

Third, the first heroine to ascend to heaven

The former Soviet Union not only produced Gagarin, the world's first man in space, but also trained tereshkova, the first heroine in heaven. 1963 June 16, she took off in the Dongfang 6 spacecraft and returned to the ground three days later, which created a precedent for women's space flight and shocked the world. People praised her for winning glory for women, and praised her strong character and fearless spirit. Tereshkova set a shining example for women to conquer space.

Tereshkova was born in Maslennikov Village, Tutalev District, Yaroslavl State, on March 6, 1937. 1955 after graduating from high school, I entered the textile factory. After that, she studied while working, and also participated in skydiving activities in aviation clubs, which made her strong. She yearns for the blue sky and hopes to soar in the sky.

196 1 Gagarin returns from her maiden voyage. Like many girls, she envied the "king of space" very much, and jointly wrote a letter to the space department with her girlfriend, demanding that female astronauts be trained to ascend to heaven. Unexpectedly, this letter attracted attention, and within two days they were invited to Moscow for discussion. These girls excitedly expounded their ideas and hoped to be the first female astronauts.

After strict physical examination, tereshkova was selected as the first female astronaut in 1962. When the list was published, she was so excited and ecstatic. At the same time, four people including Solovyova of Sverdlovsk were selected. After they joined the team, the famous astronaut Gagarin was in charge of these people. Gagarin was gentle and kind to every player and trained for about a year, but no one knew who "1" was at that time. It was not until two weeks ago that God decided to choose between tereshkova and Solovyova, and finally the superior decided who would fly. Because this is the first female space flight, "class position tide" is one of the important criteria, while tereshkova was born in the working class and Solovyova was born in the intellectual. As a result, tereshkova was the first to board and was finally selected.

1On June 4th, 963, Dongfang V was launched from Baikonur. It carries astronaut Bekowski, Lieutenant Colonel of the Air Force. During the two-day flight, he manipulated the spacecraft by hand, completed some medical experiments and observed the earth and stars. On June 16, when he flew over the Baikonur launch site, the Dongfang-6 spacecraft with historical mission was also gearing up at the launch site. The reason why it has a historical mission is that this spaceship will carry the world's first female astronaut to outer space.

The moment that attracts worldwide attention has arrived. Looking at the towering Oriental Six spacecraft, tereshkova calmly walked into the capsule of the spacecraft and started a sensational space flight. She sat firmly in the engine room, not thinking about her home or whether she could return to the ground. Her mind is full of the mission and responsibility she will undertake in the next 24 hours: taking photos and doing various scientific experiments. When tereshkova saw the spectacular earth in space, he couldn't restrain his inner excitement and became deeply attached to the earth. So she asked the ground command center to extend her stay in space, and it was approved. She flew 48 times around the earth for 70 hours and 50 minutes, with a distance of 2 million kilometers.

During the three days in space flight, tereshkova hardly felt sleepy. She doesn't want to miss any details, just want to see more space attractions and do more space experiments. Dongfang-6 spacecraft flies at a speed of 28,000 kilometers per hour, circling the earth once every 86 minutes. Tereshkova said that the earth left a deep impression on her. It is beautiful and spectacular, showing different colors and luster, and its moving pictures often appear in tereshkova's dreams later.

During this flight, tereshkova completed the biomedical and scientific investigation plan, and proved that women can also live and work normally in space. When she returned to the ground, she was welcomed by thousands of people. Applause, songs and flowers are intertwined, congratulating her for bravely completing a feat in the history of space flight. Two months later, tereshkova married nikolayev, the pilot of Dongfang-3 spacecraft, and formed the world's first astronaut family. 1On June 8th, 964, tereshkova gave birth to a girl named Ye Lina. Ye Lina is famous for being the first baby born on earth after his parents traveled in space. Tereshkova later completed his formal technical education and became a staff member of Gagarin Training Institute near Moscow.

She was awarded the Lenin Medal, the tsiolkovsky Medal and the "Cosmos" Gold Medal by the International Astronautical Federation. A crater on the back of the moon was named after her. She is also the president of the International Women's Federation.

1988 10, tereshkova was invited to visit Chang 'e's hometown-China, and was warmly welcomed. She said that when she flew over China, she clearly saw the coastline, mountains, green spaces and rivers of China. From then on, she hoped to set foot on the land of China one day.