How to calculate the lunar calendar?

The calendar method of the lunar calendar is as follows: the calendar method of the lunar calendar is as follows: the first year is Jia Zi, the second year is ugly, the third year is Bing Yin, and the week is sixty years. Week after week, starting from the year of Jiazi, starting from the week, and starting again and again. For example, 1929 is the lunar year, 1930 is the year of Gengwu ... and 1989 is the lunar year. The four years and Gengwu years we see on the calendar are arranged according to the chronology of trunks and branches. Divide the Gregorian calendar year by the remainder of 60, and then subtract 3 to get the monthly branch number of that year, and then check the above branches to get the age of each branch. If the serial number is less than or equal to zero, add 60 to the branch serial number. For example, find 199 1 year; 199 1÷60=33 Remaining 1 1, annual serial number of stem and branch = 1 1-3=8. Check the list of cadres and branches, and you will know that this year is the year of Wei Xin. Another example is to find the main branch of 1983: 1983÷60=33+3, and the main branch serial number =3-3=0, plus 60. Check the main branch table and know that the year is Guihai. The method of dry branch and month determines the soil branch first: the month where the winter solstice is located is the next month, and so on. If it is a leap month, the earthly branch of last month is adopted. After determining the earthly branch, then determine the heavenly stem: if you meet A or your own year, the first month is Bingyin, the second month is Ding Mao, the third month is Chen Wu, and so on; B or Geng Year, the first month is Wuyin; The first month of Year C or Year Xin is Geng Yin, the first month of Year Ding Nian or Year Ren is Ren Yin, and the first month of Year E or Year decyl is Jia Yin. The main branch of the first month is known, and the rest months can be inferred in the order of sixty sons. At present, there are differences in the determination of the start date of the month among the people in China, and there are two ideas. One is to take the singular solar terms in the 24 solar terms (that is, "non-neutral gas") as the starting point of each month; The other is based on the new moon (that is, the first day of each month of the digital calendar), and the same branch calendar as last month is used in the case of leap month. Take 200 1 year (Xinsi year) as an example. On February 4th, beginning of spring was shocked by March 5th. 65438+ 10 24th is the first day of the first month, and 23rd of February is the first day of February. According to the first concept, Geng Yinyue started on February 4th, 200 1 year, and Xin Maoyue started on March 5th, 200 1 year. According to the second concept, Geng started from 20065438+0 65438+1October 24th, and Xin Maoyue started from 20065438+0 February 23rd. The first day of a day is the first day, the second day is the second day, the third day is the third day ... 60 days a week. At the weekend, it starts from Jiazi Day and goes on and on. For example, in the fourth year of the lunar calendar (1989), the first day of the first month is Ding You Day, and the second day is the Reform Day ... The seventh day of March is exactly 60 days, so the eighth day of March is Ding You Day. The branches of the trunk and branch timing method have also been determined, so 12 branches are allocated every 24 hours, and at night 1 1 point to 1 point, 1 point to 3 o'clock, and the rest are pushed. On the day of that day, inferred from the heavenly stems of that day, its musical form is as follows: A has given birth to A, B, G, C as the beginning, C, Xin from E, Ding Ren, Geng Zi, where E belongs, and Ren Zi is the true way. That is, if the day is A or his own, the child should be accompanied by A when he was a child; If the day is b or g, it should be accompanied by c as c; On the day of Bingxin, Wu was the son of Wu; Ding Renri is a boxer; Pentecost is a seedless day. When you know your child's main branch, you can infer the rest. The calculation method of editing this paragraph is because there are a lot of problems in the calendar year of the lunar calendar, such as the branch repeating every 60 cycles. Therefore, from the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the emperor and heavenly stems and earthly branches used it at the same time to avoid duplication. For example, Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty lasted for three years, and Jiazi Year (A.D. 1864). Let's briefly introduce the digital chronology method: 1. The year adopts the year number of the emperor or the chronological age of the Yellow Emperor. 2. The month of winter solstice is 1 1 month, and so on. If there is a leap month, the month of that month is the same as last month. The date is the first day of the first month, and so on until the next day. In addition to the time method of year, month and day, there is another time method, that is, the time method of solar terms. The origin of solar terms 24 solar terms originated in the Yellow River basin. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, four solar terms were set, namely, mid-spring, mid-summer, mid-autumn and mid-winter. After continuous improvement and perfection, by the Qin and Han Dynasties, the 24 solar terms had been completely established. In BC 104, the taichu calendar written by Deng Ping officially set 24 solar terms in the calendar, and defined the astronomical position of the 24 solar terms. The time when the sun runs along the longitude of the Yellow River from zero 15 degrees is called "a solar term". It runs 360 degrees every year, and * * * experiences 24 solar terms, twice a month. Among them, the first solar term of each month is "solar term". Namely: 0 10 1 beginning of spring, 020 1 jingzhi, 030 1 Qingming, 040 1 Changchun, 050 1 spike, 060 1 spike. 12 solar terms such as11kloc-0/heavy snow, 120 1 slight cold, the second solar term is "neutral" every month, namely: 0 102 rain, 0200. "Solar term" and "neutral qi" appear alternately, each lasting 15 days. Now people have called "solar terms" and "neutral gas" solar terms. Twenty-four solar terms reflect the apparent movement of the sun in one year, so the dates of solar terms are basically fixed in the current Gregorian calendar, with the first half of the year being 6 days and 2 1, and the second half being 8 days and 23 days, with a difference of 1 ~ 2 days. Seven-character quatrains shake the spring and clear the valley, the mountains are full of heat in summer, the autumn dew is frosty, and the snow drifts in winter. Remember the formula of solar terms. It takes one year for the earth to go around the sun. A year is divided into December, and the 24 solar terms are closely linked. According to the Gregorian calendar, these two gases will not change every month. The first half of the year is June 2 1 day, and the second half is August 23 every year. These are festivals, and the difference is only one or two days. The twenty-four solar terms are in turn, and the following formulas are recorded in my mind: a slight cold follows a severe cold in January, a spring rain in February is in March, and a clear valley is in April; Long summer and small fullness in May, midsummer solstice in June, midsummer and heat in July, and beginning of autumn heat in August; In September, the white dew welcomes the autumnal equinox, in early October, there is frost and cold dew, in early November, there is light snow in winter, and in winter, there is heavy snow to welcome the new year. Grasp the season and busy production, sow and harvest in time to ensure a bumper harvest. The calculation basis for editing this calendar is the formula of year, month and day of the lunar calendar, unlike the western calendar, which forcibly stipulates which month is the big month and which month is the small month. To calculate the positions of big and small months, flat leap years and leap months, we must follow the formula. Let's give the calculation formula below. The calculation of 1 year begins in heavenly stems and earthly branches: the number of years in the Gregorian calendar is reduced by 3, the remainder divided by 10 is the heavenly stem, and the remainder divided by 12 is the earthly branch. For example: (20 10-3) mod 10 = 7, so the aerial stem is "Geng" (20 10-3) mod 12 = 3, so the aerial branch is "Yin". 2. Calculation of cumulative days (used to calculate the month): convert 65438+ 10/0 of the current year into cumulative days, and the number of years obtained by subtracting 1900 from the year can be evenly divided by 4, and the quotient obtained is y(D4), the remainder is y(M4), and the year (M4) where y is zero is a leap year in the Gregorian calendar. The product date is d (1) =1461* y (D4)-1y (M4). The non-zero year is the Gregorian calendar year, and the accumulated day is d (1) = 14 1 *. Calculate the next neutral gas F( 1) and the next solar day M( 1). If F (1) is less than M (1), then this month is the leap month of last month, and this neutral gas is taken as F(2), followed by neutral gas, new moon and new moon. The formula of the m th date calculated from 1900 is m =1.6+29.5306 * m+0.4 * sin (1-0.45058 * m), and the error of this formula is about 0.2 days. The solar terms are numbered first, and the first solar term from the perihelion is numbered 0. The figures and corresponding months are as follows: 0 slight cold and twelfth lunar month 6 Qingming March 12 slight summer June 18 cold dew September 1. Severe cold and twelfth lunar month 7 Grain Rain March 13 Summer June 19 First frost September 2. Beginning of spring 1 8th Long Summer April14th beginning of autumn July 20th beginning of winter13rd October. 15 Summer July 2 1 Xiaoxue1October 4. Frightened February 10 Miscanthus May 16 Bailu August 22nd Heavy Snow Winter May 5th. Equinox February 1 1 summer solstice may 17 autumnal equinox August 23rd winter solstice winter moon release day and 65438. Cumulative date, then the cumulative date of solar terms in y year (0 year is 1900)X is f = 365.242 * y+6.2+15.22 * x-1.9 * sin (0.262 * x), and the error of this formula is about. Edit this lunar calendar. The application of almanac in agriculture is of great significance to guiding agricultural production. But in fact, there are obvious differences between lunar months and seasonal changes, and the effect of guiding agricultural time is not good. In ancient China, the "Twenty-four Qi" really guided the farming season, which was actually a special "solar calendar". The length of the calendar month in the lunar calendar is subject to the first month of the lunar calendar, with 30 days in the first month and 29 days in the second month. The first lunar month and the second lunar month complement each other, making the average length of calendar months close to the first lunar month. Lunar New Moon is the first day of the month-the first day of the month. Astronomically speaking, the so-called "new moon" has a definite moment, that is, the ecliptic of the moon is the same as that of the sun. The calculation of the ecliptic is very complicated, so I won't introduce it here. As for the basis for determining the name of the month in the lunar calendar, it is determined by "Zhongqi". That is, the month containing "rain" is January; February is a month with "vernal equinox"; March is the month of Grain Rain; April is a month with "small fullness"; May is the month of "summer solstice"; June is the month of "great summer heat"; July is the month of "summer heat"; August is the month of autumnal equinox; September is the month of "first frost"; 10 is the month of "light snow"; 1 1 month is the month of "winter solstice"; 1February is a "cold" month. (The month without neutral gas is regarded as the leap month of last month) The length of the calendar year of the lunar calendar is based on the tropic year, but the days in a tropic year are more than 12 moons and shorter than 13 moons. When ancient astronomers compiled the lunar calendar, in order to make any day in a month contain the meaning of the moon phase, that is, the first day is moonless night and the fifteenth day is full moon. There are seven leap years and each leap year has thirteen months. Why adopt the method of "seven leaps in nineteen years"? The average lunar month is 29.5306 days, and there are 12.368 lunar months in a tropical year. The progressive scores of the fractional part of 0.368 are 1/2, 1/3, 3/8, 4/1,7/68. Because 19 tropical year = 6939. 18 days, and 19 lunar year (after seven leap months) * * has 235 moons, which is equal to 6939.438+00 days, so the two are almost the same. In addition, "the seventh leap in nineteen years" is only a general statement. In fact, astronomers in the Spring and Autumn Period pioneered the method of seven jumps in nineteen years. Zu Chongzhi Daming Calendar adopts 20 groups of 65438+7 leap years in 2009 1 group1leap 4 years, accounting for 39 1 leap 144 years, which makes the average calendar year of the lunar calendar closer to the tropic year. In addition, there were 123 leap and 102 1 376 leap in 334, and the difference between them was even smaller. However, since the Qing Dynasty, China has completely adopted astronomical phenomena to determine the calendar year and calendar month, so that the average calendar year of the lunar calendar is exactly the same as the tropic year. There are seven leap months in nineteen years, and the placement method is very particular. The setting of the lunar leap month is completely artificial from ancient times to the present, and the setting of leap months in past dynasties is different. Before the Qin Dynasty, the leap month was placed at the end of a year and was called "March". The leap month in the early Han dynasty was placed after September, which was called "post-September". In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, leap months were inserted in every month of the year. Later, it was stipulated that "the month without neutral gas was the leap month of the previous month", which is still in use today. Why are there no gas in some months? The average interval between solar terms and solar terms or neutral gas and neutral gas is 30.4368 days (that is, the 365.2422 days in the tropic year are divided into 12 equal parts), while the average interval in a lunar month is 29.5306 days, so the date of solar terms or neutral gas in the lunar month is postponed month by month. At a certain time, the neutral gas is not in the middle of the month, but moves to the end of the month, and the next neutral gas moves to the beginning of the next month. As mentioned above, when the ancients compiled the lunar calendar, they took twelve China Qi as the symbol of twelve months, that is, the rain was the symbol of the first month, the vernal equinox was the symbol of February, and Grain Rain was the symbol of March ... The month without China Qi was regarded as a leap month, which made the calendar name correspond to China Qi one by one, thus maintaining the original symbol of China Qi. From the seventh leap of 19, the tropic year of 19 has 228 solar terms and 228 neutral qi, while the lunar calendar 19 has 235 new months. Obviously, there are seven months without solar terms and seven months without neutral atmosphere, so it is logical to designate the months without neutral atmosphere as leap months. The size of the lunar month is very irregular, sometimes two, three, four big months or two three small months are connected together, and the length of the calendar year varies greatly. The distribution dates of solar terms and gas in the lunar calendar are very unstable and vary greatly. In this way, the lunar calendar seems very complicated. In fact, the lunar calendar still has a certain cyclical law: because the number of days in the 19 tropic year is almost equal to that in the 19 lunar year, every 19 lunar year is almost the same. Every nineteen years, the Gregorian calendar days on the first day of each month in the same month of the lunar calendar are generally the same or one or two days apart. Every nineteen years, solar terms and neutral dates generally repeat, with individual differences of one or two days. The months separated by 19 leap month are repeated or differ by one month.