Short for Organization of African Unity

Date of Establishment1963 From May 22 to 26, 3 1 African independent countries held a summit in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The meeting adopted the Charter of the Organization of African Unity on May 25th, and decided to establish the Organization of African Unity (OAU or OAU for short), and designated May 25th as "Africa Liberation Day". It aims to promote the unity and unity of African countries, coordinate and strengthen their cooperation in politics, diplomacy, economy, culture and education, health, science and technology, national defense and security, strive to improve the lives of African people, defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of all countries, eradicate all forms of colonialism from Africa, and promote international cooperation with due respect for the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 53 members (200 1): Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Equatorial Guinea, Togo, Eritrea, Cape Verde, Gambia, Congo Brazzaville, Djibouti, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ghana, Gabon, Zimbabwe, Cameroon. Libya, Rwanda, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Seychelles, Sao Tome and Principe, Swaziland, Sudan, Somalia, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Chad, Central African and Saharan Arab Democratic Republic (in 65438. The head of the summit and the current chairman of the Council of Ministers were elected by each meeting. The executive chairman of the 37th Summit is Zambian President frederick chiluba. The Secretary-General Amara Essy (Ivorian) has a one-year term (Salim Ahmed Salim, the former Secretary-General, left office in July 2006 after three consecutive terms). The Secretariat of the General Division is located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Organization (1) summit of heads of state and government: the highest body. Hold a regular meeting once a year, and hold a special meeting when necessary; Two thirds of all Member States constitute the required majority. All resolutions are decided by a two-thirds majority. (2) Council of Ministers: composed of foreign ministers or other ministers of member countries, it holds regular meetings twice a year and is responsible for preparing for the summit. (3) Secretariat: permanent establishment. Secretary-General 1 person and 5 Deputy Secretaries-General (from East Africa, South Africa, West Africa, North Africa and Central Africa respectively). The Secretary-General is appointed by the Summit for a term of four years. (4) Mediation, conciliation and arbitration commission: established in 1964, located in Addis Ababa. It is composed of 2 1 elected by the summit for a term of five years, and its task is to resolve disputes among member States through peaceful means. (5) Three special committees: Economic and Social Committee, Education, Science, Culture and Health Committee and National Defense Committee. (6) Conflict prevention, management and resolution mechanism: 1993 was established in June, with three permanent institutions: Central Administration, Peace Fund and Conflict Management Office. The central organ is the leading department, which is composed of 1 1 OAU member countries and is re-elected once a year. The Peace Fund is the financial department, which allocates 6% of the OAU budget as its basic fund every year and accepts other voluntary contributions. The Conflict Management Office is responsible for collecting information and directing actions, mainly providing technical reports on the current situation and handling methods of conflicts in Africa. Main activities By the end of 20001,* * held 37 summits. Location (time) of the first 36 summits: Cairo (1964.7), Accra (1965. 10), Addis Ababa (1966.1). Kloc-0/.6), Rabat (1.6 1982) The summit was not held due to major differences among member countries on the issues of Western Sahara and Chad. In addition, the organization held a special summit on African economy in Lagos, Nigeria on April 1980, and a special summit on African external debt in Addis Ababa on April1October1999, and from July 10 to July 2000. United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan was invited to attend the meeting. Togolese President Eyadema was elected as the current executive chairman of OAU. The review of the Constitution of the African Union became the theme of this session. In order to promote African countries to strengthen unity and cooperation as soon as possible in the new century and seek effective ways to meet the challenges of globalization and achieve peace and development in Africa, the leaders attending the meeting carefully studied and discussed the Constitution of the African Union drafted by a group of legal experts and parliamentarians from the OAU secretariat, and unanimously adopted it. They promised that the OAU would hold another meeting in Sirte, Libya, in March 2006, after the draft was signed and approved by two thirds of OAU member countries. The successful adoption of the draft basic law of the African Union marks another important step for Africa on the road of unity and self-improvement. The meeting attached great importance to peace and development in Africa. At this summit, it is generally believed that Africa must first eliminate wars and conflicts in order to achieve development and comprehensive rejuvenation in the 2/kloc-0 century; African countries should deeply reflect on the grim situation in Africa and shoulder their due responsibilities. The meeting focused on Sierra Leone, the border conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea and the independence of Anjouan Island in Comoros, and put forward a series of solutions. Emphasizes the strengthening of the role of the OAU Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution; It is suggested that an African peacekeeping force and an African Institute for Peace and Conflict Prevention should be established to train professionals in conflict mediation and management. Salim also advocated that African countries should adopt a new political culture conducive to peace, stability and security, and fundamentally put an end to illegal acts such as military coups. The meeting paid more attention to economic and social problems such as poverty, debt, disease and refugees in Africa. Participating countries called on African countries to accelerate the pace of economic integration, coordinate actions to eradicate poverty, attach importance to and strengthen AIDS prevention and control, and step up the exploration of opportunities for South-South cooperation and North-South cooperation. At the same time, they hope that the international community, especially the developed countries, will take more and more practical measures in providing official assistance, direct investment, debt relief and AIDS prevention to Africa, and treat African refugees equally. From July 9, 2006 to July 9, 2006, the 37th OAU Summit was held in Lusaka, Zambia. With the exception of Comoros, all 53 OAU member countries sent delegations, including 38 heads of state. UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, former South African President nelson mandela and former Zambian President kaunda were invited to attend the meeting. The meeting elected Zambian President Chiluba as the current executive chairman of OAU, and elected Amara Essy, former foreign minister of C? te d 'Ivoire, as the new Secretary-General of OAU, mainly responsible for the transition from OAU to AU. The meeting officially announced the transition from OAU to African Union. The transition period is one year, which can be extended depending on the situation. At the initiative of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, the African Union was established by African countries at the Fourth Extraordinary OAU Summit held in September this year. In March, 20001,the fifth extraordinary summit of OAU officially announced the establishment of the African Union. However, because only 32 countries ratified the AU Constitution at that time, which did not meet the quorum of 36 countries required for the entry into force of the AU Constitution, the AU was temporarily unable to start. On May 26th, 20001,the AU Constitution came into effect after the number of ratifying countries reached a quorum, and the AU was officially launched at this summit. African countries highly value the establishment of the African Union, place high hopes on the future African Union, and are determined to build the African Union into an all-African integration organization with higher forms, higher efficiency, stronger authority and broader mass base than the OAU, so as to better accomplish the great mission of leading African countries to meet various challenges, get rid of the fate of marginalization and realize development and revitalization. At the same time, the meeting reviewed and adopted the New African Initiative (now called the New Partnership for Africa's Development). This initiative was formed on the basis of the "African Millennium Renaissance Plan" put forward by South Africa, Nigeria and Algeria and the "Omega Plan" drafted by Senegalese President Wade. Its main contents are: highlighting the leading role of African countries in this plan; Determine a long-term strategy aimed at poverty eradication and sustainable development, focusing on infrastructure construction, human resources development, agricultural production, environmental protection and scientific and technological development, and strive for an average annual growth rate of more than 7% in Africa in the next 15 year, and halve the number of poor people; Attach importance to establishing a new partnership of equality and mutual benefit with the international community, especially the western developed countries, and strive for more funds and assistance from the west to African countries. The adoption of the plan has been positively evaluated by the participating countries, who generally believe that the plan will become a guide for the development and rejuvenation of African countries in the future. The meeting paid close attention to the problems of conflict, poverty and AIDS in Africa and made active efforts to solve these problems. The participating countries agreed that only by completely eliminating wars and conflicts and achieving reconciliation and cooperation can African countries achieve economic and social development and African rejuvenation. The meeting strongly condemned the military coup in Central Africa in June, unanimously decided to continue to impose sanctions on the current regime in Comoros, and urged the leaders of relevant countries involved in the Congo (DRC) war and the Burundi conflict to cooperate closely to find effective ways to end the conflict and restore peace.