Why are the Tibetan calendar years in different regions of Tibet not unified?

Tibetan calendar (Tibetan:? ) refers to the traditional calendar of Tibetans in China.

Early Tibetan calendar: According to historical records, before 1000 BC, Tibetans had their own calendar, and the days, months and years were calculated according to the full moon and short month.

Hundreds of years later, Catholics in Yongzhong (the primitive religion in Tibet) were able to accurately calculate the return time of the winter solstice, and took it as the beginning of the year, forming festivals and various ceremonies. Many customs and lifestyles of modern Tibetans have also been handed down from the ancient Xiangxiong era.

During the Tubo period, which began in the 7th century, two princesses, Wencheng and Jincheng, entered Tibet to marry and form an alliance, bringing the calendar of the mainland. The Almanac of Democratic Forest was published in 1 1 century, and the Almanac of Tibet in 1206 was called the Almanac of Sakya.

Late Tibetan calendar: The time-wheel calendar, which started at 1027, has been popular in Tibet for more than 1000 years, and comes from the astronomical knowledge in the time-wheel classics. It is roughly the same as the 60-year calendar of the mainland lunar calendar. For example, the calendar of 20 16 years is called the Year of the Fire Monkey.

However, the lunar calendar of the time round calendar takes the full moon as 15, and the first day may be the same day or a different day from the mainland lunar calendar, and the setting of leap months is also different. In a year with leap months, the difference between two first days is one month or one month plus one day. The Tibetan calendar proved by the existing history books first appeared in the13rd century (Yuan Dynasty), and by the19th century, the compilation of the Tibetan calendar had been perfected.

Extended data:

The Tibetan calendar is calculated according to the Tibetan calendar, and it is different every year. Generally, it is between one day and one month later than the lunar calendar.

Before and after the Tibetan calendar year, you can see all kinds of items that will appear in the Tibetan calendar year from the front of Xiaozhao Temple to Chongsaikang Market. Lhasa is an agricultural area, and the details of festivals must be respect for the land.

Since the Tibetan calendar 65438+February, almost every household has soaked highland barley seeds in a basin and gradually grown into young crops. On the first day of the Tibetan calendar, the oil-green seedlings are about one or two inches high and placed in front of the Buddhist temple, expecting a bumper harvest next year. There are many stalls specializing in young crops in Tibet's small commodity market, but the pots have been replaced with cultivated soil.

In the Tibetan calendar year, every household will not lack Gexi-frying a kind of offering with ghee and white flour. The name "Bitter Fruit" is like an ear, "Xia Na" is a strip, and "Blue" is a disc and a big twist.

Over the years, the most common and regional feature of Tibetan goods is "Bamboo Element Ma Qi", also called "Ma Qi", which is a wooden grain storage barrel. In the past few years, in Tibet, women will hold Ma Qi and stand at the door to greet guests.

The shape of chariots and horses is very similar to that of an ancient bucket in the Han Dynasty. There are various auspicious patterns painted on the outside, and mixed ghee of Ciba, fried wheat and ginseng fruit is filled inside, and colorful flower boards made of highland barley spikes, cockscomb flowers and ghee are called "Zizhuo" in Tibetan.

Also prepare a colorful butter sculpture-molded sheep's head (Lu State). At present, the most common material in Chongsaikang market is gypsum, which keeps pace with the times.

When visiting local people in Tibetan calendar years, you should throw the highland barley or Baba in Chemari into the sky three times with your right hand, and say auspicious words while throwing it: Zajidele Pengsongcuo. ...

Pilgrims from various districts gathered in Lhasa before the Tibetan calendar year, and their Tibetan costumes can tell them where they came from.

In front of Jokhang Temple, you can always meet pilgrims all the way, with the same length and head shape. Most of them are from the same village. They are in high spirits, with thick cocoons in the middle of their foreheads, lined up in the square, and monks or relatives and friends sent Hada to everyone.

Lhasa people will still stick to the tradition with awe, and it is essential to exorcise ghosts on the 30th.

After dinner, everyone made a cake, put it on the eyes, forehead, skirt, waist and legs in turn, rub it, roll it, and finally blow a breath on the cake, meaning to drive away bad luck and take away the disease. These Ciba balls were finally packed in a container with cross-shaped burnt cow dung made of wheat straw, which was the main part of the "exorcism" ceremony.

The host tied the straw to the top of the stick and made a straw handle, which was lit when it was dark. He walked around the house and said, "Come out, come out", and then the whole family escorted the "ghost" on the road. Go out of the house, throw the straw handle and the container with the Ciba ball into the fire at the intersection, and let all the bad luck burn away.

The reason why I chose the crossroads in the village is because "ghosts" will get lost and can't find their way home. According to Tibetan tradition, you can't turn back on your way home, or you will lead the ghost who has just been sent home.

That night, you can see a pile of smoke at many intersections, especially around Barron Street. Although there are important festivals in Lhasa on the first and fifteenth day of the Tibetan calendar, it is necessary to simmer incense and turn the scriptures;

There are many festivals in Tibetan areas, and it feels like Lhasa is celebrating every three days. However, the solemnity and atmosphere of the Tibetan calendar year are still different, just like the Spring Festival in the mainland. On the 30th, the streets were quiet, but every household was in full swing.

On the first day of the Tibetan calendar, people usually go to Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple, drepung monastery and Sera Temple to worship and pray. At dawn, the Potala Palace and Jokhang Temple are already full of people holding ghee and hada. Well-informed managers can always tell who the tourists are from the crowd: you, buy a ticket.

On this day, Norbulingka is free, but there are few locals. Because in Tibetan tradition, apart from pilgrimage, the first day of the first day is not to go out for parties and visit each other. Relatives and friends pay New Year greetings to each other from the second day of junior high school for three to five days.

Early the next morning, it was the day when people went back to their hometown. On this day, many people have to rush back to the village where they were born, where they will stew mulberries and pray. The whole village will get together to drink and jump around in the pot field. The carnival of Tibetan calendar years can only be truly restored in the countryside.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-Tibetan calendar