What are the three sculptures of ancient buildings in China and what are their functions?

Among the merchants of ancient buildings in China, we can see the dragons and phoenixes carved on the walls or in other places for a moment, which are particularly beautiful. These carvings and decorations can be roughly divided into three categories. This issue of Architectural Feng Shui will take you to know about the three sculptures of ancient architecture in China and see what they do.

Q: What are the three major sculptures of ancient architecture in China? A: The three carvings of ancient buildings in China are wood carvings; Stone carving; Brick carving/carving

Stone Carving: The stone carving art in China originated in the Neolithic Age, and the stone carving art in Shang and Zhou Dynasties became more and more mature, and many excellent stone carving works appeared. 1950, archaeologists excavated the tiger skin stone chime of Shang Dynasty in Yinxu, Anyang, Henan. The stone carving pot is exquisite in shape, skillful in knife work and smooth and natural in lines.

The Qin and Han Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty is the peak stage of stone carving art, from the simplicity and roughness of the Qin and Han Dynasties to the exquisiteness and perfection of stone carving art in the Tang Dynasty. Many admirable stone carvings were born. The majestic Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Qin Mausoleum, the exquisite and perfect statue of Bodhisattva, the tall and powerful six horses in Zhaoling and the exquisite relief of Zhao Zhouqiao Ssangyong offering pearls are all world-famous and known as the pearls in the treasure house of human history. Stone carvings are mostly used in memorial archways, stone tablets, tombs, goulan, stepping feet, pillars, doorframes, drums, stone lions and so on.

Brick carving: Brick carving began as early as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Brick carving is mainly used for the decoration of gatehouses, door covers, flower windows and zhaobi. Later, after the development of different times, it formed a certain scale in the Northern Song Dynasty, and its scope of application began to become more and more extensive.

Ming is still simple, mainly in relief and single stage. In Qing dynasty, it tended to be multi-level carving with fine skills. Early brick carving was developed from hollow bricks and portrait bricks, and various images were printed on wet clay bricks with seals. The reason why the brick carving product can withstand the sun rain forest for hundreds of years is because it is made through complicated technological processes. First, according to the pattern, make the corresponding mold. Secondly, make the mud into embryo, put it in the kiln for a few days, and then cool it out of the kiln. Although the brick carving is basically done, it is only a general initial processing. If it is finely processed, it needs to be old-fashioned, mainly by polishing and thinning the carved part to make it more artistic. It is a major feature of brick carving to appeal to both refined and popular tastes.

In ancient times, brick carving played an important role in the whole building, highlighting the identity and interests of the householder. Therefore, the art of brick carving is spread all over the world with its exquisite craftsmanship. The theme of brick carving is flowers, figures, birds and performance scenes. Its creativity mainly comes from a good wish of ancient people. The materials used are mostly water mill blue bricks.

Woodcarving: The woodcarving art in China has a long history. As early as the primitive society, many handicrafts began to take shape. By the Warring States period, wood carving technology had developed from simple clapper carving and gravure carving in Shang Dynasty to three-dimensional round carving technology. The woodcarving skills in Qin and Han dynasties tended to be mature, and the painting and carving skills were exquisite and perfect.

The appearance of colored woodcarving indicates that the ancient woodcarving technology has reached a quite high level. The earliest woodcarving works of art were the woodcarving fish unearthed in Hemudu and the woodcarving bird unearthed in Xinle, Liaoning. The woodcarving fish unearthed from Hemudu site in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province is T-shaped, like the handle of a walking stick, with horizontal lines, diagonal lines and straight lines engraved on it. Another woodcarving fish, 1 1 cm long and 3.5 cm high, looks like a lively fish. This is a work of art purely for appreciation.

The woodcarving technology in Qin and Han dynasties has greatly developed and improved on the basis of inheriting the development of woodcarving technology in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. For example, the lacquer wood deer is vivid and concise in shape, all parts are in harmony with the whole, and the knife method is clean and lively. It is indeed a rare three-dimensional round carving in the wood carving process of the Warring States Period. From the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's woodcarving works became more and more perfect. Wood carving of ancient buildings can be divided into hollow carving, relief carving, shallow carving, three-dimensional round carving, hollow applique and so on.

Wood carving generally uses fine, tough and non-deformable wood, such as nanmu, rosewood, camphor wood, boxwood, cypress, ginkgo, agarwood, mahogany, longan and so on.

The three sculptures have the functions of seeking good fortune and avoiding evil, pursuing a beautiful vision, praying for family happiness and prosperity, and praying for family health and longevity.

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