Hemingway's details

Chinese name: Ernest Miller Hemingway.

Ernest hemingway

Nationality: USA

Date of birth: l899

Date of death: 196 1 year.

Occupation: writer

Main achievements: Nobel Prize in Literature Prize winner.

The founder of the "news style" novel.

Masterpiece: The Sun Also Rises

catalogue

Personal profile

Personal life, childhood life

The influence of his parents on him.

Take part in the first world war

The influence of war

Postwar life

Initial success

Amazing achievement

Lu Yu is bumpy

Famous works come out

Enjoy a high reputation in the literary world

Early thirties

The Second World War

In the forties

In the fifties

sixty

A writer used to writing standing up.

Seven pencils

Change it to the last minute before publication

Bilingual introduction

Character works

representative works

The Old Man and the Sea

Awards and honors

Hemingway's famous saying

Sentimental

celebrity quote

Suicide adventure

Personal introduction to the mystery of death

Personal life and childhood life

The influence of his parents on him.

Take part in the first world war

The influence of war

Postwar life

Initial success

Amazing achievement

Lu Yu is bumpy

Famous works come out

Enjoy a high reputation in the literary world

Early thirties

The Second World War

In the forties

In the fifties

sixty

A writer used to writing standing up.

Seven pencils

Change it to the last minute before publication

Bilingual introduction

Character works

representative works

The Old Man and the Sea

Awards and honors

Hemingway's famous words, love life, famous words, suicide, exploring the mystery of death, edit this personal profile

His masterpieces The Sun Also Rises, The Snow of Kilimanjaro, A Farewell to Arms, The Old Man and the Sea, The Story of Crossing the Sea and The Short Happy Life of Francis Macombo were published in 1926. The work expresses the disillusionment of young people after the war, and becomes "The Lost Hemingway Work" (65438), which was born in a rubber plantation town on the outskirts of Chicago, USA. But Hemingway, who is famous in the world literary world, chose to commit suicide like his grandfather and father. On July 2, Hemingway ended his life with his shotgun. The whole world was shocked by this, and people lamented the tragedy of this giant. The American people mourn the death of this important American writer. As for the evaluation of Hemingway, as President John F. Kennedy's condolence message said, "Few Americans have had a greater impact on the feelings and attitudes of the American people than ernest hemingway. He called Hemingway "one of the greatest writers in the 20th century". "Known as a literary tough guy.

Edit this personal life

Hemingway is writing a work.

childhood

His mother asked him to practice playing the cello; His father taught him to fish and shoot. There seems to be no trauma in childhood. Middle school is 19 17. He is a passionate and competitive American boy. Good academic performance, all-round development of sports (swimming, football, shooting, and secretly going to the local gym to learn boxing), participating in debate groups, playing cello in the school band, editing the hanger of the school newspaper, contributing to the literary magazine board, writing short stories (which have begun to take shape in the future) and writing poems. Sometimes he hitchhiked to travel. Once I hunted herons in a game reserve, and then I hid to avoid legal punishment. Some critics believe that Hemingway's trip away from home shows that he lived a normal life in his childhood; But in the eyes of other critics, it symbolizes his early rebellion against the lifestyle of Oak Garden and reflects the tension in his family life. 16 years old, injured in the underground boxing ring, but stood up again and again, reflecting his tough guy image.

The influence of his parents on him.

The interests of his father and mother must be diametrically opposed, which caused mutual reaction and some hostility in him. My sister, Roche Mazer Isababy Sanford, is two years older than him, but she grew up with Hemingway, saying that his parents "love each other deeply", but admitting that they "often get tired of each other". His mother, Grace Hall Hemingway, is a member of the Congregational Church and has a strong religious concept (she named her four daughters saints), but she is also an artistic woman. She decorated her family environment like a cultural salon organized by the church. His father, Clarence Edgardes Hemingway, was an outstanding doctor, an enthusiastic and well-trained athlete and a professional nature researcher. He aroused his son's interest in outdoor activities. In summer, they live in a house near Lake Toschi in northern Michigan. Dr Hemingway sometimes makes house calls with his son, crossing Hualong Lake, and going to the residence of Chinese Indians in Ojeb. They often go fishing and hunting together. They are closely related, although his father is strict with himself, even more strict and puritanical than Mrs Hemingway. The influence of his parents on him is at least obvious. His interest in outdoor activities, as an athlete's training and courage, has never diminished. He likes music (although he hates learning cello) and art, as always. He cherished Bach and Mozart, saying that he learned writing methods from "research and acoustics and counterpoint"; He also said, "what I learned from painters is the same as what I learned from writers." Judging from the data of Hemingway's childhood and adolescence in Oak Park, nothing can explain that he will not be a normal adult in the future. However, if we take a look at this autobiographical writer's works, we will find that the stories about that period (Indian tents, doctors and doctors' wives, the end of something, three days of strong winds, fighters and black boys) featuring nick adams are all about violence and fear, chaos and loss in Hemingway's works.

The theme of hope and loneliness; His classmates pointed out that loneliness and versatility are Hemingway's most prominent characteristics.

Take part in the first world war

Two months before he graduated, the United States entered the war. Carlos Becker wrote: "The road he faces is to go to college, fight and work." Hemingway chose a job. He has a problem with his left eye (he accidentally injured his left eye while practicing boxing, and his vision dropped, so his left eye vision never recovered), so he is not suitable for fighting. 19 17 10 month, he began to work as a trainee reporter in Kansas city's Star, which was one of the best newspapers in the United States at that time. In six months, he interviewed hospitals and police stations, and also learned excellent business knowledge from G G Wellington, an excellent editor of the Star. Hemingway understood for the first time in The Star that style, like life, must be cultivated. Print out the list of famous styles of stars: "use short sentences" and "the first paragraph should be short." Use lively language. Say it positively, not negatively. " Hemingway learned to turn the rules of writing news into literary principles in a relatively short time. However, the attraction of war attracted Hemingway more and more, and he began his expedition in the second half of May 19 18. Two months ago, he volunteered to go to Italy as a driver of the Red Cross, and only stayed at the front for a week. Late at night on the last day of this week, Hemingway was hit by an Austrian mortar shrapnel while distributing chocolate to Italian soldiers in the village of Fu Salda on the Piavi River in northeast Italy. A soldier next to him died on the spot, and another soldier in front of him was seriously injured. When he dragged the injured soldier to the back, he was hit by a machine gun in the knee again; When they arrived at the shelter, the wounded soldier was already dead. Hemingway got more than 200 shrapnel on his leg, and his left knee was interrupted by a machine gun, so he was forced to have platinum knee surgery. He stayed in a hospital in Milan for three months and had more than a dozen operations. Most of the shrapnel was taken out, and a few shrapnel remained on him until he died. When he was injured, it was only two weeks before his 19 birthday.

The influence of war

In the early 1950s, Hemingway said, "For writers, war experience is valuable. But this kind of experience is too much, but it is harmful. " The explosion that destroyed Hemingway's body also penetrated into his thoughts, which had a longer and far-reaching impact. A direct consequence is insomnia, and I can't sleep all night in the dark. Five years later, Hemingway and his wife lived in Paris, and he still couldn't sleep without turning on the light. In his works, people with insomnia can be seen everywhere. Jack bernice in The Sun Also Rises, Frederick Henry and nick adams in A Farewell to Arms, Mr. Fletcher in Gamblers, Nuns and the Radio, Harry in the Snow of Kilimanjaro and the elderly waiters in Clean and Bright Places all suffer from insomnia and are afraid of night. The old waiter said, "After all, it's just insomnia. There must be many people who have this disease. " Insomnia is a symptom of this painful complication. Hemingway, his hero and ("there must be many people suffering from this disease") his compatriots are suffering. Philip Yang made an excellent and reasonable psychological analysis of Hemingway's character and put forward an argument that his emotions caused by this trauma were beyond his rational control. Hemingway searched for this kind of similar experience repeatedly and obsessively in his later years to drive away that kind of mental trauma; If he can't do it, he will constantly reproduce the event through creation and thinking to control the anxiety it causes. Yang wisely pointed out that Hemingway was ultimately concerned with art, not trauma. But in a local scope, Yang's personality theory can unify Hemingway's personality with his works. Moreover, for Hemingway to observe the war and for this artist, this theory has given special significance. A Farewell to Arms and some short stories describe the social, emotional and moral significance of war. However, it is not only this description that makes his war experience "valuable": it forged his view on human destiny in his mind, which influenced almost all his works. Mortar fragments have become a symbol of the destructive power of the cruel world, and Hemingway and his hero have become symbols of the injured human beings seeking a way to survive. He is almost ready to write his feelings about life into a literary work. Hemingway met Fidel Castro.

Postwar life

He won the silver medal for bravery. The next five years, slowly, will be the end of my writing career. Oak Park warmly welcomes its hero back, but Hemingway's parents-especially his mother-are bored with it, because the young man has no ambition except writing and is very willing to accept the support of his family. He has written features for Toronto's Daily Star and Star Weekly. His sister Roach Mazer Ni Lin wrote that just after his 2 1 birthday, his mother issued an ultimatum: either find a permanent job or move out. Hemingway moved out and spent a year in Chicago as an editor of Cooperative Welfare, an organ newspaper for promoting cooperative investment. That winter, he met sherwood anderson, his first important friend in the literary world, and through him, he met other members of the Chicago School. At the same time, he knew and fell in love with Hadley Richardson, a red-haired beauty eight years older than him. 192 1 In September, Hemingway married Hadley, spent their honeymoon in their country house, and then went to Toronto to be a special correspondent for several months. However, what he really needs is Europe and the space and time for writing. Mr. and Mrs. Hemingway are determined to accept a job as a part-time reporter abroad. In the following two years, Hemingway became a mobile reporter of the Star in Europe, living in Paris, writing reports on international conferences between Geneva and Lausanne, including concise and dramatic telegrams of the Greek-Turkish war. Occasionally, he will write some relaxed but keen impressions about Swiss skiing, Spanish bullfighting and post-war life in Germany. His early journalism training, coupled with his natural love for simplicity, has become a style, and the telegrams he writes now-concise and compact-make this style more powerful.

Initial success

At the same time, he wrote novels and poems and wanted to find a publisher to publish one of his things, but he never found it (since 19 18). 1922 A series of events happened quickly, which accelerated his hopes, and then he was disappointed. With a letter of introduction from Sherwood Andersen, he took his works to see Gertrude Stein. Her salon on Furong Road is the art center of ezra pound, James Josephus and maddox Ford. Stan likes this young man. He looks like a mainlander and his eyes are "curious and emotional". She encouraged him to become a writer, but suggested that he give up his job as a journalist completely and revise his prose more concisely: "There are many descriptions here, but they are not well written. Start from scratch and write better. " Pound also liked the new writer, walked and boxed with him, and encouraged him to continue writing poems. In May and June, Hemingway published his works for the first time-a two-page satirical fable "Strange Posture" and a poem "The Last" with only four lines. This poem is a blank, which fills the blank left by William Faulkner's six poems. Two-faced magazine published these two works, and his luck was helped by sherwood anderson.

Amazing achievement

The disaster happened at the end of 1922, when he was attending the Lausanne Peace Conference. He agreed to let Hadley bring a suitcase to see him. Hadley put almost all his manuscripts in this box (some of them were sent by mail). At Lyon station in Paris, she put the suitcase in the suitcase. After a while, she came back and found that the suitcase was gone. A few years later, Hemingway wrote to Carlos Becker, saying that this incident brought him great pain, and he "couldn't wait to have an operation at once, so that he wouldn't think about it." Hemingway had no choice but to start over, and this time he achieved amazing success. 1923, several of his works were adopted by publications. Harriet Munro published one of his short poems in Poetry Journal (1924 1 month); Margaret Anderson and Jean Heep published his six short stories (a total of 18, originally planned to be published in the following year 1 month, with the total title of "In Our Time") in1April, 923. /kloc-in the summer of 0/923, Robert McCann published Hemingway's first work, Three Stories and Ten Poems (three stories are In Michigan, My Old Man and Out of Time).

Lu Yu is bumpy

Although the future seems certain, there are real obstacles on the road. Hadley is pregnant and the couple have little money. They agreed to live in Toronto for two years and come to Paris after earning enough money, then he could devote himself to writing. They left Paris on August 1923. John Hadley ("Bumby") Hemingway was born in 10, but by 1924 1 0, Hemingway and his wife had returned to Paris and Mont panas and settled in an apartment in Notre Dame de Deschamps. Hemingway's success was delayed again because he had to spend part of his time working to support his family. He hasn't been to the vagrant life in martel, and he doesn't have enough to eat, which is recorded in The Flowing Banquet, but he insists on writing. As Stein observed, "He writes very seriously and wants to be a writer." The breakthrough occurred in 1925, perhaps with the help of two influential supporters. Before Scott Fitzgerald knew Hemingway, edmund wilson had shown him Hemingway's works, and Fitzgerald was impressed by it, and urged Maxwell Perkins of Crist Company to draft it. Perkins wrote a letter, but it was ten days late because of a mailing error. Hemingway once accepted the advance payment from 200 yuan by Bonnie and Livwright of Antoine Publishing House, and published his collection of short stories "In Our Time", including the early sketches of the novels of the same name, and also accepted the permission of the publishing company for his two books. In terms of economic income, In Our Time is a failure, so is the next book, Spring Tide, which satirizes and imitates sherwood anderson's works. However, Hemingway has attracted the attention of important American critics such as allen tate, Paul Rosenfeld and Louis Kronberg. They all think that Hemingway is a new voice in American literature. However, it was Fitzgerald who talked about Hemingway's talent most convincingly. In How to Waste Materials —— Comment on My Contemporaries, Fitzgerald attacked those writers who have gained a solid position, especially h mencken and sherwood anderson, and thought that they were "insincere because they didn't need it themselves." Fitzgerald said that people living abroad do have this advantage. They can form a "non-corrupt style" for themselves and show their purified warm feelings. Fitzgerald takes Hemingway and In Our Time as the main examples to show that the writer "has a new temperament" and has the above two characteristics. Fitzgerald's article was published in May. Five months later, Hemingway confirmed that Fitzgerald's praise was very reasonable.

Famous works come out

1926 10, the scribe Turner Company published The Sun Also Rises, and Hemingway, who was less than 30 years old, became a critical writer. As a writer's first novel, it sold well and won favorable comments. In his later years, Hemingway recalled his dreams, hard training and disasters when he recalled the life scenes from192 to 1926 in his book The Flowing Banquet. Dreams are idyllic: pure love for Hadley, beautiful places such as Paris and Warrab, friendship between friends. Hard training-writing yourself as a hungry person, eager for success, and relentlessly restraining yourself is also to form your own literary style. Disaster is a nightmare reality that comes with success. It shattered dreams and destroyed training, leaving only desire, indulgence and disappointment. When Hemingway wrote this book, physical and psychological diseases may aggravate the sweetness and pain of remembering the old people. However, in a sense, it also shows that Hemingway finally understood that his early years in Paris were the most integrated time for him as a person and an artist. He published In Our Time and The Sun Also Rises, especially A Farewell to Arms published by 1929. He has enough experience to form his views on human destiny and his style of expressing this view. Although his artistic development is not over yet, what he wrote later is more exquisite and brilliant at most, which changed the theme of his writing.

Enjoy a high reputation in the literary world

His plays in the next twenty or thirty years can be sung-except for a series of almost legendary anecdotes-to some extent because Hemingway is quite flexible in making his own portraits of Hemingway.

The image among the masses conforms to the requirements of the times. It is for this reason that his personal charm among the masses-whether it is the friendly nickname "Dad" or the combative title "Champion". However, what is more attractive is the drastic changes in the heart. When his fame has changed from a trickle to a trend, his sensory ability seems to be rolling in the sink. In early works, fear and beauty are inextricably linked: they can only be conveyed through extremely subtle feelings. Artists control people's image. In later works, the nuances of repressed feelings are often written too far, almost becoming a mockery of feelings. The inner dramatic power is here. Because Hemingway seems to want to make up for his artistic failure and overreaction in life. What he did in the real world still reflects his tragic experience, and he urgently needs to face the hostile world and affirm his self-image. However, because the heroic spirit is too conspicuous and too determined, the actions of the characters are too obvious. Therefore, it has been reduced to the point of being funny, embarrassing and often boring. If he explored art in the 1920s, the artist himself became an adventurer in the 1930s and 1940s. His outlook on life has not changed, but his works of art have relaxed. Between The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway divorced Hadley and married Pauline Palffi, the fashion editor of Vogue. They returned to America and settled in Kivis Island. 1927, Hemingway completed and published his second collection of short stories, Men Without Women. 1928, when he wrote the first draft of A Farewell to Arms, Pauline gave birth to their first child (she gave birth to two sons altogether); When revising the first draft, he learned that his father had diabetes and committed suicide because of financial difficulties, using the pistol his father used during the civil war. Twenty years later, Hemingway recalled in the preface of the illustrated book A Farewell to Arms: "There were good times and bad times that year", but he said that he "lived in a book" and "was happier than I ever was." In the early 1930s, he was rich in economy, happily married and taking risks everywhere. Over the years, he went to Wyoming and Montana to hunt wild ducks and elk, hunted large animals in Africa, and boarded the customized yacht "pilar" to fish off Kivis Island and Bemini Island. These years were the Great Depression. The economic crisis plunged the country into depression, but Hemingway was more like an avid boy scout. From 1934 to 1936, he wrote 23 vivid but not very valuable articles for Master magazine, describing hunting and fishing, providing a spiritual refuge for victims in cities during the Great Depression. They saw the face of a hero in an unfortunate period in Hemingway's rough and arrogant face and strong body; His implicit prose and concise dialogue show a typical "elegant demeanor under heavy pressure". His two non-fiction works published over the years have strengthened this image. One is Death in the Afternoon (1932), which praises the ceremony of bullfighting, and the other is Castle Peak in Africa (1935), which describes a hunting trip and previews the tragedy of man and beast, but almost screams at the dignity of human courage.

Early thirties

In the early 1930s, for whom the bell tolls was written relatively little. In the 1920s, Hemingway published two novels, thirty-five short stories, a typical work, some poems and a considerable number of communication reports. In the first half of 1930s, his main work was Winner Get Nothing (1933), which was a collection of 14 short stories. 1936, he published Snow of Kilimanjaro, one of his best short stories. The protagonist is a writer who laughs at himself because he can't write what he should write.