Who can introduce the establishment of the US military during World War II?

Common weapons of American infantry in World War II

Working mode: semi-automatic

Caliber: 0.45 inch (1 1.4 mm)

Bomb load: 7 rounds

19 1 1 .45 caliber pistol was invented by John m browning and was the most famous American pistol during world war ii. During the Spanish-American War, the U.S. military generally reported that the small-caliber revolver was not powerful enough, and the army urgently needed a more powerful large-caliber pistol. Under this demand, 19 1 1.45 caliber Browning pistol was born. Colt and Springfield Arsenal produced this pistol between191-1915. By the end of World War I, 60% of American soldiers stationed in France were equipped with it. After World War I, it was improved in trigger, firing pin, handle and structure, mainly to make it lighter. During World War II, only officers and squad leaders were equipped, not the standard weapons of American infantry. However, the ban on soldiers carrying pistols was put aside. Many soldiers at the front have a 19 1 1 pistol. It is considered as the last weapon to rely on. Although almost all soldiers have more effective weapons available, no one will deny the sense of security it brings. Until 1984, it was still a standard American side weapon.

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-Author: Zhun Xin

-release date: 2004-12-2714: 50: 00.

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Working mode: semi-automatic

Diameter: 0.30 inch (7.62 mm)

Magazine capacity: 8 rounds

M 1 rifle, also known as Garland rifle, is the standard rifle of American infantry. Named after its inventor John C. Garland. It is the first semi-automatic rifle widely used in the battlefield. Although 1936 was adopted by the army, it was in short supply until 1943, but by the end of the war, the output exceeded 4 million. M 1 rifle is easy to decompose and clean, and its combination of caliber, projectile speed and semi-automatic performance provides superior firepower to other rifles. Its only drawback is that it is difficult to reload.

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-Author: Zhun Xin

-release date: 2004-12-2714: 50: 00.

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Working mode: manual.

Diameter: 0.30 inch (7.62 mm)

Magazine capacity: 5 rounds

1903.30 caliber rifle, referred to as' Type 03' for short, 1903 was adopted by the US military, and it was the standard rifle of the US military until 1936. During World War II, many were still in use. In 36 years, the M 1 rifle replaced it as the standard configuration of the US military. In the battle of Normandy, it became the main weapon of snipers. But many of its advantages in accuracy have been replaced by the speed of semi-automatic and fully automatic weapons.

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-Author: Zhun Xin

-release date: 2004-12-2714: 51:00.

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Working mode: M 1 and M 1A 1: semi-automatic.

M2: semi-automatic and fully automatic

Diameter: 0.30 inch (7.62 mm)

Magazine capacity: 15 and 30 rounds.

The M 1 carbine was developed to fight against the German Blitzkrieg. The use of mechanized divisions and airborne troops shows Americans that mixed fortifications and static front lines are out of date. Blitzkrieg means that people in the rear may find themselves attacked without any warning. Portable rifles were needed to replace standard pistols, so M 1 carbine came into being. However, due to its widespread use, by the end of the war, more than 6 million pieces had been produced. This kind of gun is easier to master than pistol, and more effective than machine gun in medium and long range. It is very suitable as a light weapon for mortars, heavy machine guns and rocket launchers. M 1A 1 is a variant of m1,which has a foldable stock and is specially designed for paratroopers.

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-Author: Zhun Xin

-release date: 2004-12-2714: 52: 00.

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Working mode: semi-automatic and fully automatic.

Caliber: .45 inches (1 1.4 mm)

Magazine capacity: 20 rounds, 30 rounds and 50 rounds (drums)

John T.Thompson once participated in the development of the' 03 rifle and the Colt.45 pistol. The prototype of Thomson submachine gun was born in the spring of 1920. Although it has excellent test parameters, it has not been adopted by the US Army and Marine Corps. Thomson Colt Company confirmed that it had agreed to produce 15000 guns, namely 192 1. The production of these guns continued until the eve of World War II. 1940, the us army ordered 20,000 guns; 194 1, the army added 3 19000. The biggest advantage of this gun is that it is reliable and can work in harsh environment. The main disadvantage is that it is too heavy-10 kilograms and lacks penetration (which is also the disadvantage of all submachine guns in World War II).

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-Author: Zhun Xin

-release date: 2004-12-2714: 53: 00.

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Working mode: M 19 18A 1: semi-automatic and fully automatic.

M 19 18A2: fully automatic.

Diameter: 0.30 inch (7.62 mm)

Magazine capacity: 20 rounds

The original model M 19 18A 1 Browning light machine gun (BAR) was used by American soldiers in World War I and is still in use in World War II. The reliability in harsh environment made the gun gain a high reputation. 1940 put into use M 19 18A2 model. Different from earlier models, it has only two shooting modes in full automatic mode: 300-450 rounds per minute in slow mode; Fast mode 500-650 rounds/minute; There is no semi-automatic way. Both Browning machine guns are widely used. And in many movies, you can see it. The gun is a model of the perfect combination of fast firepower and penetration. Its biggest disadvantage is the lack of a barrel that can be quickly replaced to reduce the barrel overheating.

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-Author: Zhun Xin

-release date: 2004-12-2714: 53: 00.

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Working mode: fully automatic air cooling.

Diameter: 0.30 inch (7.62 mm)

Magazine capacity: 250 rounds

Fire rate: 400-500 rounds per minute.

With more and more American troops participating in the war, there is a growing demand for a heavy machine gun that is lighter than M 19 19A4 and faster than Browning light machine gun. In this case, the M 19 19A6 heavy machine gun was born. It inherited some parts of the M 19 19A4 machine gun, without a tripod, but it still weighs 32.5 pounds. Facts have proved that it is too complicated to meet the ever-changing requirements of officers and soldiers on the battlefield. Even so, 43,000 guns were produced. Moreover, it can be seen in almost all films of 1944- 1945.

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-Author: Zhun Xin

-release date: 2004-12-2714: 54: 00.

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Working mode: fully automatic air cooling.

Diameter: 0.30 inch (7.62 mm)

Magazine capacity: 250 rounds

Firing rate: 400-550 rounds per minute

Before the end of World War I, the U.S. Ordnance Bureau realized that water-cooled heavy machine guns occupied too much space in tanks and were too heavy for fast-moving infantry. As World War II approaches, Ordnance Bureau will develop an air-cooled heavy machine gun for infantry. This led to the appearance of M 19 19A4 heavy machine guns. Including the tripod, the weight of the gun is 4 1 pound, which is much lighter than the 93-pound water-cooled M 19 17A 1. Therefore, it is more used as an offensive weapon than water cooling. But it can't maintain the same level of sustained firepower as water cooling for a long time.

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Working mode: electronic ignition

Diameter: 75 mm (3 inches)

Penetration depth: 100 mm (4 inches)

At the beginning of 1942, in order to meet the demand of infantry anti-tank weapons, Leslie A.Skinner and Edward G. Uher of Ordnance Bureau developed a rocket launcher-a metal tube with electronic ignition. Prior to this, American infantry always lacked anti-tank rockets that could stop tanks from moving forward. Another member of Ordnance Bureau, Henry H.Mohaupt, has been developing an anti-tank Grenade for infantry-M10 Grenade, which weighs 3.5 pounds, making it impossible for infantry to throw effectively. However, when Skinner and Uhl tried to launch M 10 grenades with their launchers, they received unexpected results. The Ordnance Bureau immediately realized the value of this new weapon. Many launchers were transported to the allied forces. In fact, the Germans immediately began to produce copies of it after capturing it.

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Working mode: friction ignition delay fuze

Weight: 0.59 kg

Delay time: 4-4.8 seconds

During World War II, American soldiers used many types of grenades, but the main one was the Mark II Grenade. It is made of iron, and the outside is serrated, which is beneficial to produce more shrapnel after explosion. It was filled with TNT, but it was filled with nitrocellulose complex because of the shortage of TNT at the beginning of the war. Mark II's kill radius is 5- 10 yards, but shrapnel can kill 50 yards at most. Because the recognized throwing distance is mostly 35-40 yards, soldiers are required to lie down after dropping the bomb until the Grenade explodes.

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Working mode: automatic

Capacity: used 40 times

As early as World War I, the German army used flamethrowers for the first time. By 19 16, the British and French armies also began to use it on the battlefield. However, the limited distance, unreliability and easy injury to the operator make it an ideal weapon. It was not until the Germans used it again in the wars of invading Poland, Belgium and France that the United States began to develop it. The first ejector in the United States encountered the same difficulty. However, the invention of napalm improved its effectiveness and range (60- 180 feet). The reliability has also been improved to a certain extent. After adopting the new tactics of using the ejector, its harm to the operator is also reduced. American soldiers found that paired catapults were the most effective. The flamethrower group also includes soldiers equipped with rocket launchers or automatic weapons, who provide fire cover for the ejectors.

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The United States made necessary adjustments to its national defense policy in 1997. The main features of the adjustment are: paying more attention to dealing with long-term threats; Planning national defense and army building with the guidance of "shaping, responding and preparing"; Emphasis is placed on making full use of the achievements of the military revolution and comprehensively strengthening army building. Accordingly, the United States adjusted its military strategy to a strategy of "shaping, responding and preparing". In June 165438+ 10 of the same year, the President of the United States also issued instructions to adjust the nuclear strategy, but the adjustment was tactical and still did not shake off the cold war ideology.

Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has reduced the number of troops many times, from 199 1 to 1997, and the total active force of the US military has been reduced from 2,002,600 to1439,000.

Strategic nuclear forces: the strength is calculated in the navy and air force. The main equipment includes: 432 submarine-launched ballistic missiles, deployed in 18 strategic missile nuclear submarine (Ohio-class10sbn-734, each carrying 24 Trident D-5 missiles and 8 SSBN-726 missiles, each carrying 24 Trident C-5 missiles. 580 intercontinental ballistic missiles, including 530 militia III and 50 peacekeepers; There are 0/74 strategic bombers/KLOC-0, including 95 B-1B, 66 B-52H 66 and 0/3 B-2A/KLOC-0.

Army: The US Army has 490,000 troops. It has three group army headquarters, four military departments, 10 combat divisions (2 armored divisions, 4 mechanized divisions, 2 light infantry divisions, 1 air assault division, 1 airborne division), 5 aviation brigades, 3 armored cavalry regiments, 6 artillery brigades, 9 patriots and 2 Avengers.

Main equipment: 7836 main battle tanks M-60A3, M- 1A 1 M-1A 2;

Light tank m-551131;

Armored reconnaissance vehicle "Fox"113;

Infantry fighting vehicles M-2 and M-3, * * * 6720;

Armored transport vehicle m-11318200;

There are 7428 guns of various types, including 734 277 mm multi-barrel rockets;

Anti-tank missiles: "Tao" and "Dragon" type, * * * 32,857;

329 anti-aircraft guns, including 20mm Vulcan118;

660 air defense missiles "Avengers" and 474 "Patriots";

There are 264 aircraft of various types and about 5,002 helicopters, including armed helicopters 1.460;

16 1 amphibious ship.

Navy:

The navy is the largest service in the United States, with 570,000 people (including 654.38+07,000 marines). There are five fleets, namely the 2nd Fleet (Atlantic), the 3rd Fleet (Pacific), the 5th Fleet (Persian Gulf, Red Sea), the 6th Fleet (Mediterranean) and the 7th Fleet (Western Pacific). There is also a naval transport command.

Main equipment: 95 submarines, including strategic submarines 18, 75 tactical submarines and 2 for other purposes;

The main surface ships are 143, including 12 aircraft carrier, 30 guided missile cruisers, 57 guided missile destroyers and 44 guided missile frigates.

There are also 20 patrol ships, 25 minesweepers, 252 amphibious ships and 93 support utility ships (including 40 midway supply ships). The military transport command has 123 ships.

Naval air force: there is 12 carrier-based aircraft wing. Equipped with 2732 aircraft, including combat aircraft 1598; Helicopter 136 1, including anti-submarine helicopter 32 1 and attack helicopter 180.

Marine corps: 173000. There are 3 marine divisions, 3 service support brigades, 1 security camp, 1 guard camp. Main equipment: 403 main battle tanks, 590 light armored vehicles, amphibious armored vehicles 1258, 857 guns, 3,225 anti-tank missiles and 3 142 rockets. Aviation has three wings, equipped with about 1000 aircraft of various types, including about 560 helicopters.

For a long time, the aircraft carrier has been an effective tool for the United States to expand its military and implement its global strategy. In World War II, the United States relied on aircraft carriers to master the sea power in the Pacific battlefield, and thus won the war against Japan. Since then, the aircraft carrier has become the darling of the US Navy. In more than half a century after the war, the US Navy built six aircraft carriers. At the end of the Cold War, the US Navy owned 15 aircraft carriers. During the period of 1992- 1996, Midway (CV-4 1), Raider (CV-6 1), Saratoga (CV-60) and America (CV-66) participated in the Gulf War.

The category name is numbered service time dynamic mode.

1 Kitty Hawk CV-63 196 1 year conventional power

2 Constellation number CV-64 196 1 year conventional power

4 John? Kennedy (Reserve) CV-67 1967 Conventional Power

3 enterprise CV-65 196 1 year nuclear power

5 Nimitz class Nimitz CVN-67 1975 nuclear power

6 Dwight? Eisenhower CVN-69 1977 Nuclear Power

7 Carl? Vinson CVN-70 1982 Nuclear Power Plant

8 Theodore? Roosevelt CVN-7 1 1986 nuclear energy

9 Abraham? Lincoln CVN-72 1989 Nuclear Energy

10 George Washington CVN-73 1992 Nuclear Power Plant

1 1 John? c？ Stannis CVN-74 1995 Nuclear Power

12 Harry? Truman CVN-75 1998 Nuclear Energy

The US Navy's aircraft carrier is currently in the upgrade stage. The aircraft carrier built in the 1940s and 1960s will be retired in 2000, and the Nimitz class will stop construction after 2008. In order to fill the vacancy caused by retired aircraft carriers, Nimitz class aircraft carriers will continue to be built before 2007, and the number of this class aircraft carriers will be expanded from 8 to 10. After the service of Nimitz 10 CVN77, all other aircraft carriers will be retired.

American aircraft carrier formation

1 ~ 2 fighter squadrons each have10 ~14 f-14a/b/d.

2 ~ 3 fighters/attack squadrons each have12 f/a-18c/d.

1 AWACS squadron 4 E-2C

1 tactical electronic warfare aircraft squadron 4 EA-6B

1 helicopter squadron, 4 SH-60F and 2 HH-60H.

1 Fleet Aviation Reconnaissance Squadron 3 ES-3A

1 maritime control aircraft squadron and 8 S-3B.

1 fleet logistics support aircraft squadron 2 C2-A

According to the plan put forward in the US Navy's "Force Size and Structure in 200 1 Year", in fiscal year 1997, the number of naval vessels was reduced from more than 540 in the early 1990s to 357, and in 2000 to 340, and the annual military expenditure of the navy was reduced from11in the 1980s. Compared with 1988, in 2000, the reduction ratio of the force structure was 43% ~ 47% of the total number of ships, 24% of the navy, 43% of the surface combat vessels, 47% of the combat support ships, 47% of the attack nuclear submarines, 4 1% of the ballistic missile nuclear submarines, 33% of the amphibious ships and 65,438+of the aircraft carrier. According to the general direction of the structural adjustment of these forces, there will be more specific adjustments in the types of ships. By the year 2000, the strength structure of the US Navy is: 12 aircraft carriers (active 1, reserve1), 1 1 0 ~126 surface ships, and 40 ships.

Air Force: The US Air Force has an active force of 382,600. There are air combat command and air mobile command. Under the Air Combat Command, there are 5 air teams (including 1 intercontinental ballistic missile air team) and 23 flying wings; The Air Mobility Command has two aviation teams, 13 Flying Wing.

Main equipment: 175 long-range bomber, including 67 B-52H, 13 B-2A and 95 b-1b;

57 reconnaissance planes, including 3 1 U-2R/S and 3 SR-71;

52 command posts, including 32 E-3B command centers and EC-135 EC-16;

There are 2,674 tactical aircraft, including 707 F-/KOOC-0/5,/KOOC-0/503 F-/KOOC-0/6, 37 EF-65438+A-/KOOC-0/0A and 37 F-/KOOC-0//KOOC-.

846 transport planes;

607 oil tankers;

1225 trainer;

220 helicopters.