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Bernhard Schmidt Bernhard Schmidt bernhard Waldmar Schmidt (1 879 March 30th-1935 February1) is an Estonian Swedish optician living in Germany. 1930, he invented the Schmidt telescope, and corrected the optical errors of spherical aberration, coma and astigmatism, so that the exposure time of a large-scale right-angle reflection camera was as large as possible for the first time, and the time was short for astronomical research.

Content [hide]

1 childhood

2 youth

3 adulthood

4 Mitvi

5 podorf

6 Schmidt camera

Over the past seven years

8 Personal Life and Legacy

9 See 9 See 9

10 external link 10 external link

1 1 bibliography 1 1 bibliography

childhood days

Schmidt is the son of Karl Constantine and Mary Helen Christine (Rosen) Schmidt. Schmidt is the son of Karl Stanton and Mary Lin Hui Kristen Schmidt. He grew up on Naisar Island off the coast of Reva (Tallinn) in Estonia, which is a part of the Russian Empire. The island where he grew up, Nesha Island, and the coastal sea. Reva (Tallinn), Estonia, and then part of the Russian Empire. The residents of this island, mainly Estonian Swedes, generally speak Swedish or Estonian, but the Schmidt family also speaks German. The residents of this island are mainly Estonians and Swedes, usually speaking Swedish or Estonian, but the Schmidt family also speaks German. Bernhard is the oldest of six children, three boys (one of whom died in a fantasy) and three girls. Bernhard is the oldest of six children, three boys (one of whom died in infancy) and three girls.

Naissar is a small rural island, and its residents mainly make a living by fishing and driving boats into the port of Leval. Neisha Island is a small rural island, mainly relying on fishing and driving boats to support themselves to enter the port. Re-evaluate. Bernhard Schmidt and his younger brother August Frederic took many childish adventures on the island. In August, Bernhard Schmidt came to the island with many childhood adventures. He is a very curious, innovative and imaginative young man and adult. He is a young man and an adult with great spirit of exploration, creativity and imagination. For example, when he was young, he made his own camera with bought lenses and old accordion bellows, successfully photographed the local environment and various family members, and even saved some photos. For example, when he was young, he built his own camera, bought lenses and old accordion bellows, successfully photographed his local environment and family members, and even sold some of his photos. He is also famous for the night sky and constellations. He is also fascinated by the night sky and constellations.

However, another adventure proved to be tragic and marked the rest of Schmidt's life. However, another adventure proved to be tragic and extraordinary for the rest of Schmidt's life. /kloc-when he was 0/5 years old, he experienced powder with guns. /kloc-When he was 0/5 years old, he tried gunpowder. He filled an iron pipe with explosives, but because of the fuse error, the iron pipe exploded and he lost his thumb and forefinger in his right hand. He wrapped an iron pipe and was responsible for it himself, but because of a mistake, it exploded with the fuse tube, and he lost the right hand of his thumb and forefinger. Although his mother tried to clean and dress the wound, surgeons in Tallinn later removed the whole hand and forearm. Although his mother tried to clean and dress the wound, the surgeon amputated after Tallinn, and his whole hand followed his forearm. This incident seems to have deepened his reserve and introspection, which were forgotten by his contemporaries in later life. This incident seems to have deepened his reserve and introspection, as well as the future quality of life of his contemporaries.

[Edit] Youth [Edit] Youth

Despite his failure, Schmidt soon began to experiment and invent again. Nevertheless, his loss was quickly tested and invented by Schmidt. He built a generator and asked August to start it. He built a generator and got the August Solstice Crank. He also took more photos and was good at developing and printing photos. He also took more photos and was good at developing and printing. 1895, he moved to reval and once worked as a retired photographer. 1895, he moved to. Reval, as well as the next period of work, is retouching photos. Later, he worked in Volta Electric Factory and mastered drawing. Later, he worked for Walter's electrical engineering and skillfully drafted it. He went to Gothenburg, Sweden in 190 1 and studied in chalmers university of technology, but was soon transferred to the University of Mitte David in Saxony for further study. 190 1 year, he went to Gothenburg, Sweden, and studied in chalmers university of technology, but soon after, he transferred to the Mitt David University in Saxony, England for further study.

[Edit] Adult [Edit] Adult

2m Schmidt Camera (Alfred Jansch Telescope in Tautenberg, Germany) 2m Schmidt Camera (Alfred Jansch Telescope in Tautenberg, Germany) During this period, his interest in astronomy and optics increased. During this period, his interest in astronomy and optics increased. In Mitt David, he had hoped to learn from Dr. Carl Strell, an unknown optical theorist. In Mitt David, he had hoped to study with the famous optical theorist Dr. Carl Terrell. Anyway, Strehl has left recently. However, he recently left Strehl. On the gradient, Schmidt found his real career, that is, grinding and polishing high-precision optical devices in astronomical applications. Gradually, Schmidt found his real requirement, that is, polishing and polishing high-precision optical astronomical applications. It seems that he started grinding mirrors around 190 1, and before that, he began to sell some of his products to amateur astronomers. It seems that he has been grinding mirrors for about 190 1 year, and then began to sell some of his products to amateur astronomers. By March 1904, he had made such great progress in his new efforts that after finishing his studies, he quickly got in touch with professionals from major observatories in Germany. Since March 1904, he has made great progress in order to sort out his research after his new struggle, and he soon came into contact with professionals from various stations in Germany. When famous astronomers such as Herman Karl vogel and karl schwarzschild realized the excellence of Schmidt's mirror in their research, his career took off rapidly. When his business took off rapidly, he pointed out that astronomers such as Herman Karl Fu Gaoyi and karl schwarzschild had achieved excellent Schmidt mirrors for their research.

[Editor] Mitveda Year [Editor] MitDavid Year

Between 1904 and 19 14, Schmidt's business was booming, and he received huge compensation in Germany. During the period of 1904 and 19 14, Schmidt's business flourished and became famous in Germany. He not only made some of the most difficult and accurate mirrors that he tried at that time, but also was entrusted to correct and improve the lenses originally provided by famous optical companies, such as the 50 cm Steinheil visual refractor of Potsdam Astrophysics Observatory. This time, he not only made some of the most difficult and accurate mirrors in history, but also was entrusted to correct and improve the lenses originally provided by famous opticians, such as the 50 cm Steinheil visual refractor of Potsdam Astrophysics Observatory. With the growth of business, he hired seven assistants, two of whom left valuable records on Schmidt's working methods. With the growth of business, he hired several assistants, two of whom have left valuable accounts, Schmidt's working methods. Schmidt also bought a car, a rare luxury car, a rare luxury car, and a hired friend as a driver. He took impressive photos of the sun, the moon and the main planets with his own long-focus horizontal mirror and plane confocal telescope. Using a long focal length horizontal mirror and a plane closer, whether he made it himself or not, he took impressive photos of the sun, the moon and the main planets. It's different not to be surprised by Schmidt's skills when one thinks that he has finished most of the manufacturing work with almost one hand. It is hard not to be surprised by Schmidt's skill when one thinks that most of his works only use one aspect literally.

World War I ended prosperity. The vigorous development after World War I came to an end. Schmidt was arrested as an enemy, because Estonia belongs to the Russian Empire, and he was sent to an international concentration camp for about six months. Schmidt was arrested as an enemy, a foreigner, and Estonia belonged to the Russian Empire and was sent to a camp for about six months. After his release, he was still under the control of the police and some of his suspicious astronomical equipment was confiscated. After his release, he was still under the control of the police and some of his suspicious astronomical equipment was confiscated. He tried to continue his career, but as the war continued, Germany was defeated and the economy became depressed. Scientists had no money to study astronomy. He tried to continue his career, but as the war continued and turned to Germany for defeat, he became a serious economy and a scientist without money for astronomy. The situation did not improve after the war because of the political turmoil in Germany and the need to pay war reparations. The situation has not improved. After the war, due to political turmoil, war reparations were paid in Germany. 1923 inflation is out of control and many people have lost all their savings. The galloping inflation was out of control, and many people lost all their savings at 1923. By the mid-Kloc-0/920s, Schmidt's business had gone bankrupt, and he had to dispose of the remaining equipment as garbage. In the mid-levels of the 1920s, Schmidt's business was ruined, and he wanted to dispose of his remaining equipment as garbage.

Burgdorf

Since 19 16, Schmidt has kept in touch with Professor Richard Schuil, the director of Hamburg Observatory, which is located near burgdorf village on the outskirts of Hamburg. Since 19 16, Schmidt has kept in touch with Professor Richard schorr, director of the Hamburg Observatory, a facility located in a village near burgdorf on the outskirts of Hamburg. Schorr became interested in Schmidt's horizontal mirror and coelostat telescope, and ordered one for his observatory. Schorr became interested in Schmidt's horizontal mirror coelostat telescope and ordered the construction of other observatories. After the war, when Schmidt's economic situation became more and more difficult, he began to propose to Shure to work at the Observatory. After the war, when Schmidt's economic situation became more and more difficult, Schmidt began to propose some kind of job to Schor. Shure has only one thing to offer: Schmidt can stay in Dover, Belga for free; There is work to be done to repair the horizontal telescope, for which he will get a little reward. Schorr is rarely provided: Schmidt can come to Bergdorf for free to complain; He will pay a small fee to complete the repair of a striking telescope. This is in 1926. This is in 1926. Schmidt once refused to accept it. In the future, Schmidt did not accept it. He holds a number of patents, one of which involves the use of wind-driven propellers to propel ships forward. He has a patent number to his credit, which involves the use of wind-driven propellers to propel powerful ships. Schmidt hopes to turn this invention into something profitable. Schmidt hopes to make this invention profitable. Since Estonia became an independent republic after World War I, he also returned to Estonia for family visits and optical opportunities. In optics, Estonia has become an independent country after World War I. ..

Their efforts came to nothing. By 1927, Schmidt's prospects were so bleak that he accepted Shure's proposal. All these efforts were fruitless, and Schmidt made the poor accept Shure's proposal from the prospect of 1927. He began to set up a workshop in the basement of the main service building of the Observatory and repaired the horizontal telescope. He began to build a workshop, an observatory and a horizontal telescope in the basement. During the periods of 1927 and 1929, Schmidt participated in two solar eclipse expeditions initiated by Hamburg Observatory, the first time to northern Sweden and the second time to the Philippines. 1927 and 1929, Schmidt participated in two solar eclipse expeditions, both of which were instructed by Hamburg Observatory. First, he went to northern Sweden and the Philippines for the second time. It was during this second trip that Schmidt announced to his companion astronomer Walter Baade? the most important invention in Schmidt's life. In fact, it was an invention that completely changed astronomy and optical design in the second half of the 20th century, namely his wide-angle reflection camera. It was during this second trip that Schmidt announced his companions, astronomers Walter and Budd. The most important invention of Schmidt's life was indeed a revolutionary invention of astronomy and optical design, that is, his wide-angle reflective camera in the first half of the second 20th century.

Edit Schmidt camera Edit Schmidt camera

Main article: Schmidt camera Main article: Schmidt camera

For a long time, astronomers have been hoping for a way to quickly shoot a large sky to observe the visible content of the universe and observe the large-scale structure. Astronomers have long hoped that the way of shooting the big sky will soon be used to measure tangible content and view large structures in the universe. Ordinary telescopes before Schmidt's era showed a narrow field of view, with a typical diameter of 1 or 2 degrees. Ordinary telescopes before Schmidt's time showed that in a narrow field of view, the diameter was usually measured at 1 or 2 degrees. Observing the whole sky with such a telescope requires many years of time and huge investment of resources, and it is easy to miss large structures (because of the narrow field of vision). Measuring the whole sky and telescope requires many years of time and huge investment of resources, and large structures are often missed (due to narrow views). A large area can be seen with a small lens, but blurred (and therefore far away) objects can't be seen. This is a small camera lens, and you can see a large area, but objects that darken later will continue to be invisible. What we need is a large aperture camera with good imaging performance ("definition") and a fast focal length ratio to reduce exposure time. What we need is the final design, which involves a novel and bold design that is different from the traditional optical design. According to Budd, he had given up at least one solution, and when he finally hit it, his final design involved a new type. In fact, he boldly deviated from the traditional optical design. Schmidt realized that by using a large spherical mirror (instead of reflecting telescope's ordinary parabolic mirror) and a small aperture placed at the center of the mirror curvature, he could eliminate coma and astigmatism in one fell swoop. Schmidt realized that he could eliminate stroke coma and astigmatism by using a large spherical mirror (instead of the reflecting telescope of ordinary parabolic reflector) and a smaller diaphragm placed in a mirror with central curvature. However, he will leave spherical aberration, which is also harmful to the clarity of the image. However, he will leave with spherical aberration, which is like damaging the sharpness of the image.

His boldness lies in realizing that he can eliminate spherical aberration by placing a thin, very weak curved lens ("correction plate") at the same position as the aperture stop, which has a special smooth shape (convex near the middle, concave near the periphery and flat in the middle). His courage lies in realizing that he can eliminate spherical aberration and place a thin, very weak curved lens ("correction plate") at the same position, whose shape is particularly smooth (convex near it, concave around it, and between cells) as a diaphragm. In this way, he can build a large camera with f/ 1.75 or faster very flexibly and simply, which will provide a clear image in the field with a diameter exceeding 15 degrees, making it possible to image a large sky in a short time exposure (compared with one hour or more of a traditional reflector, it takes about several minutes). This is very neat, except that he can build a big camera f/ 1.75, or even faster, which will make sharp images cross the field of view with a diameter of more than 15 degrees, thus making it possible to image a large sky in a short time (on the order of several minutes, silver for more than two hours, traditional reflection). The aperture diameter of his first camera was about 360 mm or 14.5 inches, and the focal length ratio was f/ 1.75. It is now in a museum at the Hamburg Observatory. Based on the first principle reasoning, Schmidt combined different optical elements (special mirror, aperture at specific position and "correction plate") into a simple catadioptric system, which is epoch-making. In particular, the "calibration plate" is unprecedented in telescope design. In the decades after Schmidt, a large number of new catadioptric designs appeared. But none of them can match the simplicity and excellent optical performance of Schmidt system. The aperture of his first camera was about 360mm or 14.5 ",and the ratio of its diameter to a focal point was f/ 1.75. Now he lives in a museum in Hamburg Observatory. It is an epoch-making decision for Schmidt to combine different optical elements (especially a mirror, a diaphragm somewhere and a "correction plate") into a simple refractive index, and to reason from first principles. Specifically, the "correction board" is unprecedented. After the design of the telescope, the design of Schmidt flood new folds appeared in the following decades, but no one can cooperate with Schmidt system for its simplicity and optical Excellence.

Over the past few years [editor]

Schmidt made his first camera in 1930. Schmidt made his first camera in 1930. He used a very clever method (the so-called "vacuum pot" method) to make a differential "correction board", so the system can provide high-quality images. He hired an ingenious method (the so-called "vacuum pot" method) to make it difficult to "correct the plate", thus making the system produce superb images. A vacuum cooker consists of a glass lens that is carefully bent under partial vacuum and then polished into a smooth curve. The vacuum disk consists of carefully bending the local vacuum under the glass lens and then polishing a smooth curve. After the vacuum is released, the lens will bounce back to the "Schmidt shape" required by the camera. After the vacuum is released, the lens will bring the spring back to the camera needed for Schmidt shape. No one has ever made a lens in this way before. No one has done the camera before.

Schmidt published a brief introduction of his invention in a professional journal (German) and proposed to make his camera for a professional observatory. Schmidt published a brief description of his invention in a professional journal (in Germany) and provided a professional observatory for building his camera. Unfortunately, his publicity is too little and his design is too novel. Unfortunately, his publicity is too little and his design is too novel. Besides, this invention was created at the beginning of the Great Depression. Besides, this invention coincided with the beginning of the Great Depression. No orders came in, and he still relied on Shore and burgdorf's modern income from temporary jobs until the end of his life. Without order, I still rely on the meager income of Schorr and Bergdorf to work occasionally until the end of my life. He produced a large camera in 1934, and reground the 60 cm Bergdorf-Steinheil photographic refractor. He made a bigger camera in 1934, and reground the 60 cm Bergdorf-Steinhaer photographic refractor.

Schmidt fell ill at the end of 1 1 after a business trip in Leiden, the Netherlands. Schmidt fell ill at the end of last year 1935 1 1 month later, he went to Leiden on business. Despite repeated treatments, he died on1February 65 at the age of 56. Despite attempts to treat him, he died on February 1935 1 at the age of 56. Autopsy showed that he was suffocated by a lung infection. The autopsy report showed that he had a lung infection.

Personal life & personal life and legacy

Schmidt never married and had no children. Schmidt never married and had no children. Shortly after his death, through Walter Baade?'s advocacy, when he arrived at Mount Wilson Observatory in the United States, the idea of Schmidt telescope began. Shortly after his death, the idea of Schmidt telescope was realized by promoting Walter and Budd when he arrived at the observatory on Mount Wilson in the United States. 18 "Schmidt telescope was produced in 1938. Ten years later, the famous 48" Samuel Oschin Schmidt telescope was built in Paloma Mountain Observatory. 1 18 ",made by Schmidt in 1938, and then ten years later, the famous 48" Huang Binghuai Oschin Schmidt Telescope "was built in Paloma Observatory. Finally, this telescope produced a lot of new observations and information. Finally, this telescope produced many new ideas and information. There is no doubt that this proves the wisdom of Schmidt's concept. There is no doubt that this proves Schmidt's idea.

Subsequently, in Bergedorf 1955 a, a well-built large Schmidt church was completed. Subsequently, it was built in Bergdorf on 1955, and Schmidt's construction was dedicated. But the 2m Schmidt telescope of Karl Schwarzschild Observatory is still the largest Schmidt camera in the world. But the 2m Schmidt telescope of Karl Schwarzschild Observatory is still the largest Schmidt camera in the world.

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