What are Beidou and Kuixing?

The Big Dipper is a part of Ursa Major in modern astronomy, located at the back and tail of Ursa Major. Shu Tian, Tian Xuan, Tianji, Tian Quan, Yuheng, Kaiyang and Yaoguang are in turn from the top of the barrel to the end of the handle. The first four stars, Shu Tian, Tian Xuan, Tianji and Tianquan, formed the champion, while the last three stars, Yuheng, Kaiyang and Yaoguang, formed the bucket handle. Yuheng is the brightest and Tianquan is the darkest.

Said: Beidou is the image of the emperor's car, Shu Tian is the hub of seven stars, Scorpio palm rotates, Scorpio changes; Balance of natural forces, Yuheng is to balance weight, Kaiyang is Kaiyang; Shake the lamp means shake the lamp. The Emperor of Heaven sat in a carriage and kept patrolling all directions. Because the four seasons of bucket handle in Beidou point to the southeast, northwest and northwest respectively, the ancients also used it to divide the four seasons: "bucket handle points to the east, and the world is full of spring; Guide to barrel handle, it's summer in the world; Bucket handle refers to the west, and the world is autumn; Bucket handle refers to the north, and the world is winter. " . And bucket handle turned for a week, that is, the emperor visited for a week, that is, a year passed.

From "Tian Xuan" to "Shu Tian", extend a straight line, about five times longer, and you can see the Polaris. The song "Recognize the Stars" includes: "Recognize the stars first from Beidou, and then from north to west." The position of the Big Dipper in the sky is different in different seasons. In ancient China, the seasons were determined according to their position changes.

The position of the Big Dipper relative to the North Star is basically the same, but the rotation of the earth will make people feel that the Big Dipper is orbiting the North Star. If you keep looking at the Big Dipper all night, you will find that it also turns from east to west, so you can't see it when the sun comes out during the day. When the earth rotates to other places, such as halfway through the orbit, the night is exactly the other half of the space seen six months ago, so the direction of seeing the Big Dipper is equivalent to the shape of the Big Dipper during the day six months ago.

The four stars of Doukui are collectively called "Kuixing", which is the common name of Kuixing, one of the 28 places. Later, Taoism respected him as the god who dominated the literary movement and served as the god of Wenchang Emperor. Kuixing belief flourished in the Song Dynasty and has continued to this day. Many places in China have built Kuixing Pagoda or Kuixing Pavilion, and Kuixing statue is carved on its main hall. Its face is ferocious, its face is green, its hair is red, its eyes are annular, and its head has two horns, just like a ghost. Holding a red pencil in his right hand, holding a bucket in his left hand, his right foot is independent, and his foot is on the head of a big stone in the sea, which means "top position" The left foot leans back, and the foot is the Big Dipper, which means "Kuixing kicks the bucket". It's really like seeing words.

Legend has it that there was a scholar in ancient times who was very talented and brilliant. His words are full of truth, but he is extremely ugly, pockmarked, lame with one foot and limped at first. One year, he was admitted to a quota, went to high school, and finally went to Gong Wei. When the emperor saw his face, he was very unhappy and asked, "What happened to your face?" He replied: "going back to the holy family is' pockmarked face reflecting the sky and holding stars'." The emperor thought this man was funny and asked, "What about your lame leg?" He replied: "Going back to the holy family, this is' jumping on one foot and taking the lead'." Feidi Taiyuan Black Fox Society often praises his agility and asks, "Then I'll ask you a question, and you have to answer truthfully: Who do you think is the best writer in the world today?" He thought for a moment and said, "the articles in the world belong to my county, the articles in my county belong to my hometown, and the articles in my hometown belong to my brother-in-law." He asked me to revise the article. " The emperor was overjoyed. After reading his article, he even exclaimed: "It is worthy of being the first in the world!" So he was appointed as the champion.

The talent, wisdom and diligence of this ugly scholar make him the first and fourth star of the Big Dipper, in charge of fame and rank. Take the word "lost" apart, half is "ghost" and half is "D"

It is said that since then, dragons and anglerfish have been carved on the slate in the middle of the steps in the main hall of the palace, and there is a chief bucket next to it. When palace examination announced the list, all the candidates gathered in front of the temple, and the Jinshi stood at the bottom of the steps to meet the list. The champion stands on the top of the table with a chief bucket in his hand, which means "winning the championship in one fell swoop" and "reaching the top".

In the imperial examination, the highest rank is called "Kui", because "Kui" and "Kui" are homophonic, which means "longevity". For example, the imperial examination in the Ming Dynasty should implement the "Five Classics Selection". The so-called "Five Classics" are the official records of history books, poems, books, rituals and changes, that is, the Five Classics of Confucianism. The first place in every exam is "Jingkui". "Kui" means "first" and "first". In the local examination, the top five in each subject must be the "classic winner" of a subject, so it is also called "winner of the Five Classics" or "leader of the Five Classics". In addition, in the imperial examination, the champion is also called the "champion". After having obtained the provincial examination, Xie Yuan, the first name of Juren, was also called Kui Jie, which means "the first".