What constellation are sugar and acid _ What are sugar and acid?

Gluconic acid, tartaric acid, what is it?

abstract

English name: gluconic acid

English name: Gluconic acid

Scientific name: 1, 2,3,4,5-pentahydroxy hexanoic acid

Molecular formula: C6H 12O7.

Molecular weight: 196.5438+0566

Basic attribute

Melting point: 13 1℃

Relative density: 1.24(25℃)

Solubility: Soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble in ether and most organic solvents.

Acidity: weak acidity.

Properties and taste: it is a crystalline compound, and its aqueous solution is acidic.

use

Calcium salt, ferrous salt, bismuth salt and other salts of D- gluconic acid have been widely used in chemotherapy. Metal complexes of gluconic acid are widely used as masking agents for metal ions in alkaline systems.

Tartaric acid is a carboxylic acid, which exists in many plants, such as grapes and tamarind, and is also one of the main organic acids in wine. When added to food as an antioxidant, it will make food sour.

Tartaric acid, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid.

Tartaric acid has two symmetrical chiral carbons and three optical isomers.

Tartaric acid is also an antioxidant used in food industry. It can be used as an oxygen scavenger in biochemical experiments.

Also known as 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid. Simple structure HOOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH. Potassium hydrogen tartrate exists in grape juice and is insoluble in water and ethanol. It is precipitated in the process of grape juice brewing and is called tartar, hence the name tartaric acid. Tartaric acid mainly exists in many plants and fruits in the form of potassium salt, and a small amount exists in free state.

Tartaric acid contains two identical chiral carbon atoms (see asymmetric atoms) and has three stereoisomers: dextrotartaric acid, levotartaric acid and racemic tartaric acid (see optical isomerism), and its structural formula is as follows:

The optical rotation of the mixture of dextrotartaric acid and levotartaric acid in equal amount cancels each other, which is called racemic tartaric acid. All kinds of tartaric acid are colorless crystals easily soluble in water, and their physical properties are shown in the table.

Dextrotartaric acid exists in many kinds of fruit juices and is usually produced by glucose fermentation in industry. L- tartaric acid can be obtained by racemic resolution, and also exists in the fruits and leaves of Bauhinia. Raceme can be prepared by treating D-tartaric acid with strong base or strong acid, or by chemical synthesis, such as oxidizing fumaric acid with potassium permanganate. There are no mediators in nature. It can be prepared by oxidizing maleic acid with potassium permanganate.

Tartaric acid is similar to citric acid and can be used in food industry, such as making drinks. Tartaric acid combined with tannin can be used as mordant for acid dyes. Tartaric acid can be complexed with various metal ions and can be used as a cleaning agent and polishing agent for metal surfaces.

Potassium sodium tartrate, also known as Rochelle salt, can be used to prepare Phyllin reagent, and can also be used as laxative and diuretic in medicine. Potassium sodium tartrate crystal has piezoelectric properties and can be used in electronic industry. Antimony potassium tartrate is an emetic, also known as tartar emetic, which can treat schistosomiasis japonica.