The development of civil engineering can be divided into several historical stages. What are the characteristics of each stage?

Civil engineering is the basic industry and pillar industry of a country, which is closely related to human life, production and even survival.

(2) driving:

Civil engineering plays a leading role in the development of national economy, which is mainly manifested in large capital investment and many industries. It is one of the important platforms for excavating and absorbing labor resources.

(3) comprehensive:

The development of modern science and technology and the progress of the times constantly inject new ideas, provide new tools, create new technologies and put forward new requirements for civil engineering technology.

Three. Core content of study and future work of civil engineering specialty: (3 minutes)

Planning, survey, design, construction, management and maintenance of all kinds of civil engineering.

Fourth, the development history of civil engineering:

It is divided into three stages: ancient, modern and modern.

(1) the ancient (about 5000 BC to1the middle of the 7th century):

1, the characteristics of ancient civil engineering: no design theory, mainly relying on experience; Building materials are mainly taken from nature; Simple tools, no construction machinery.

2. The magnificent historical buildings and sites in the East and West:

West: pyramids in Egypt, Issa in Chen Chi, Gaelic Bridge in France, Parthenon in Greece, Colosseum in ancient Rome, Sophia Cathedral in Istanbul, Monolithic Church in Laribela, Ethiopia, and road network of Roman Empire.

China: China's great ancient masonry structure-Wan Li Great Wall, Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project in guanxian, Sichuan, Shaanxi Terracotta Warriors and Horses, Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Jiaohe Zhao Zhouqiao (Anji Bridge) in Zhao County, Hebei Province, Yingxian Wooden Pagoda (Fogong Temple Pagoda) in Shanxi Province, the Forbidden City in Beijing, the Temple of Heaven, and the Chidao Network in Qin Dynasty (Xianyang Center).

(2) Modern times (1mid-7th century to1the end of World War II in 945):

1, the characteristics of modern civil engineering:

1) civil engineering has gradually formed an independent discipline: Newton's three laws of mechanics, allowable stress method for engineering structure design, limit equilibrium theory, etc.

2) Invented artificial civil engineering materials: Portland cement, reinforced concrete application and converter steelmaking.

3) Provide new construction machinery and methods: pile driver, roller, excavator, roadheader and crane.

4) The social demand for infrastructure is increasingly extensive and in-depth.

2. Excellent masterpieces of modern civil engineering:

West: The first reinforced concrete beam bridge was built by Frenchman Monilie 1875, with a length of16m; ; The first steel frame load-bearing building, the beginning of modern high-rise building-Chicago Insurance Company Building, USA; Eiffel Tower in Paris, France; The first railway-the North American Continental Railway; 1863 The first underground railway was built in London, England; Suez Canal and Panama Canal; Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, USA; Empire State Building, New York, USA;

China: Zhan Tianyou 1909 completed the Jing-Zhang Railway; Qiantang River Bridge, the first double-layer steel structure bridge in China built by Mao Yisheng; Shanghai International Hotel, built in 1934, is known as the first building in the Far East in 1930s.

(3) Modern times (1945 since the end of World War II):

1, characteristics of modern civil engineering:

1) Functional diversification

2) Three-dimensional architecture

3) Rapid traffic.

4) Large facilities

2. The representative project of modern civil engineering: China Taibei International Finance Center; Twin Towers)； in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Jinmao Building, Shanghai, China; Sears Tower, Chicago, USA; China International Finance Center Building Phase II; Shenyang-Dalian Expressway; Shanghai maglev railway; Taiwan high-speed railway network; Guangzhou-Shenzhen quasi-high-speed railway; Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport; Chicago International Airport; Akashi Strait Bridge in Japan; Danish Great Bert East Bridge; Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge in China; Humber Bridge, England; Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong; Channel tunnel; Japan's Qinghai-Letter Cross-Harbour Tunnel; New York World Trade Center; CITIC Plaza Building, Guangzhou, China; Wang Di Building, Shenzhen, China; Empire State Building, New York, USA; Hong Kong Central Plaza Building, China; Bank of China Building, Hongkong, China; Toronto TV Tower, Canada; Moscow TV Tower; Shanghai Oriental Pearl TV Tower; Longyangxia Dam in Qinghai, China; Grand Dixon dam in Switzerland; Sayan Sushenko Dam in Russia;

The prospect and future of verb "civil engineering";

1, the material is developing towards multifunction and intelligence.

2. The project is getting bigger and bigger, more comprehensive and newer, developing into space, ocean and desert.

3. Scientific and automated planning and design, refined and industrialized construction.

4. Sustainable development is the only way.