What are the ornaments of ancient women in China?

According to the materials used to make jewelry, jewelry can be divided into precious metal jewelry and jewelry. The former mainly refers to jewelry made of gold (pure gold, K gold), platinum, silver and copper. The latter is made of natural gemstones such as diamonds, rubies and emeralds and various artificial gem.

6? 1 According to the use of jewelry, it can be divided into practical jewelry, artistic jewelry, commemorative jewelry, traditional jewelry and symbolic jewelry.

1. Practical jewelry: refers to jewelry with practical value, such as pins, buttons, tie clips and belts used to tie clothes, as well as hairpins, hair bands, knots and hairpins used to tie hair.

2. Art jewelry: refers to jewelry with leading artistic value and aesthetic value, whose main function is for people to appreciate and collect. Generally from the hands of famous artists or specially designed for large-scale awards, exhibitions and fashion conferences.

3. Commemorative jewelry: jewelry to commemorate certain events or someone, such as engagement ring, wedding ring, golden wedding ring, etc.

4. Traditional jewelry: jewelry that pays attention to cultural connotation and relationship with others, such as expressing the modeling characteristics of a certain historical period, marking the characteristics of nations, sects and families.

5. Implicit jewelry: jewelry with certain spiritual sustenance. Mainly manifested in two ways, such as "heart" or "love" jewelry symbolizing a person's sincerity in love; Another way is to give jewelry materials some meaning. For example, birthstones are used to represent the month of birth and express all kinds of beautiful symbols.

6? 1 According to the gender of the wearer, it can be divided into female jewelry and male jewelry. Women's jewelry is characterized by exquisite design, exquisite craftsmanship, bright colors and rich changes. Its function is to make the wearer's feminine charm more fully displayed. Therefore, the design of women's jewelry is very limited, just like women's clothing, it can be continuously introduced. Today's jewelry world is still dominated by women's jewelry. Men's jewelry is characterized by bright and rough lines, generous design, highlighting the characteristics and value of jewelry materials. This is because men have different motives for wearing jewelry than women. Women wear jewelry mainly for beauty, while men want to highlight their own personality. According to the survey, the main motives of men wearing jewelry at present are: ① symbolizing a sense of accomplishment, including showing off their wealth; (2) Independent personality, showing masculinity; ③ Take a certain meaning; Imitate the person you admire.

6? 1 According to the position where jewelry is worn, it can be divided into headdress, neck ornament, chest and waist ornament and hand and foot ornament.

(1) headdress

6? 1 refers to the ornaments worn on the head. Compared with other parts of jewelry, it is the most decorative, so it is mainly female jewelry, including hair accessories and earrings.

① Hair accessories: including hairpins, hairpins, hairpins, hair covers and hair bands. Hairpins and hairpins are important hair accessories for ancient women in China. Modern women usually use hairpins, hairpins, hair bands, net buckles and so on. All kinds of hair accessories will add luster as long as they are worn properly.

Earring: it is an ornament worn on the earlobe, and it is one of the most important female ornaments that can best reflect the beauty of women. Through the correct use of the style, length and shape of earrings, people's vision can be adjusted and their image can be beautified.

At present, there are two kinds of earrings on the market: insert ring and rolling ring. The former is only suitable for people with earlobes and ear holes. Insert the insert ring directly into the ear holes and firmly fix the ornaments on the earlobes. The latter is mainly clamped and fixed on the earlobe with ear pliers, with the advantage of easy detachment.

There are many styles of earrings, such as Zhui Er, square, triangle, diamond, circle, ellipse, double twisted ring, large trap and small ring. In addition, gold, silver, jewelry and other materials are properly matched, making earrings more competitive.

At present, in developed countries, most women have multiple pairs of earrings. Going out or attending formal occasions, not wearing earrings will make people feel undressed. Many women are willing to accept new styles of earrings when accepting gifts from men.

The history of earrings in China can be traced back to the Neolithic Age. The earliest earring is called Jade Jue, which is a notched ring, mostly made of jade. It is said that the ancients decorated jade with two meanings: one is to express decisiveness; The second is to express the meaning of severance with jade Jue. Earrings appeared with the development of metallurgical technology. According to research, the earliest earrings were made of bronze, and gold earrings inlaid with turquoise appeared after the Shang Dynasty. By the Ming Dynasty, there were many earrings.

⑵ Neck ornament

6? 1 If you ask a woman what is the most beautiful place, most people will say that a woman's neck and chest are the most beautiful! The jewels here are gloriously called "the queen of all ornaments". Today's neck ornaments and chest ornaments, such as collars, necklaces, brooches, etc. , are composed of extremely rich materials, forming a colorful world, dazzling.

6? 1 Necklace is the most widely worn necklace, which can be worn by men, women and children. A typical necklace consists of three parts: ① chain rope, which is the foundation of the necklace; (2) The buckle located on the upper part of the chain cable is used for connecting or separating the chain cable; (3) Pendants, located at the lower part of the chain rope, have various shapes, such as heart-shaped chicken, Guanyin, various figures and animals.

6? 1 A necklace in a broad sense also includes various bracelets worn around the neck. Each str consists of different number of ornaments. The shape of ornaments can be spherical, square, diamond, oval, cylindrical, polygonal or even irregular. There are many materials used as ornaments, such as pearls, agates, crystals, jadeite, corals, amber, nephrite, turquoise, malachite and so on.

6? 1 There are two opinions about the origin of necklaces. One view holds that necklaces originated from the evolution of the custom of "robbing marriage" and that necklaces originated from the transition period from matriarchal clan to paternal clan in primitive society. At that time, the survival of human beings gradually depended on hunting and planting, and men were already in a dominant position in the economy, and the concept of private ownership began to appear. This has caused women to fall from the core position of the clan and become the accessories of men. In clan or tribal wars, the winner takes the women of the other tribe as trophies. In order to prevent them from escaping, chains or ropes are usually used to tie their necks and hands. Later, it gradually evolved into a custom in some places, that is, when men and women formally get married, they take the woman to the man's side by "grabbing" and wear metal ornaments on the woman's neck or hands to show restraint. Nowadays, marriage robbery has long been put an end to, but the chains that prevent women from escaping have evolved into decorations made of gold and silver jewelry, and today's necklaces (collars) and bracelets (bracelets). Today, the young man gave his fiancee a necklace and bracelet to tie her heart and make her loyal to herself forever. It is very civilized and elegant.

6? 1 another view is that wearing a necklace was originally to show strength and courage. Because of archaeological discoveries. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, the "Neanderthals" in Zhoukoudian, Beijing already used string ornaments. At that time, the string ornaments were made of animal bones, teeth and shells and dyed red with dyes. In the struggle with wild animals, people found that losing bright red blood means losing life, and at the same time they deeply felt the strength of wild animals' teeth, limbs and claws. After winning the hunting, people string the leftover animal bones, teeth and claws together and dye them red to show their courage and strength. Secondly, I also hope to fully absorb the strength and vitality of wild animals. Therefore, human beings have a spiritual life and a necklace.

(3) Chest and waist ornaments

① Chest ornament: the main body is a brooch. Women's brooches are often worn on lapels of suits or coats, or inserted in a certain part of the chest of sweaters, shirts and skirts. Wearing a brooch can often produce the finishing touch effect, especially when the design of clothes is relatively simple or the color is relatively single. Wearing a colorful brooch will immediately make the whole decoration lively and dynamic.

At present, popular brooches can be divided into large brooches and small brooches. The former is generally more than 5cm in length, with complex patterns, and most of them are inlaid with precious stones. The latter is generally about 2cm long and the pattern is relatively simple. Most of them are three-dimensional shapes of single flowers or polygons, and some of them use the shapes of the zodiac.

② Waist ornaments: mainly including Yu Pei, hook, belt loop, belt plate and other waist hanging objects. The material is generally precious metal inlaid with precious stones or jade.

China's early waist ornaments were mainly Yu Pei, that is, jade ornaments hanging around the waist. In ancient times, Yu Pei was a must-see place for nobles or officials. Because China people regard jade as a metaphor of virtue and think that jade embodies integrity and elegance.

Modern people wear waist ornaments mainly by women. It is generally used for the decoration of nepotism, such as making a belt ring with jade, or embedding one or several gems on a metal hook or belt. Nowadays, it is also common for some fashionable men to wear Yu Pei in the shape of a beast's head on their belts. If it is properly matched with the material, style and color of clothes, it can further enhance the desired effect of the wearer.

(4) Hand and foot ornaments

6? 1 is jewelry worn on hands and feet, mainly bracelets, bracelets, rings, anklets, etc. Hand is the most easily noticed part, so there are various styles of hand ornaments, which are worn on women's rounded arms and slender fingers to attract people's attention and add a lot of luster.

(1) bracelet: it is a ring-shaped ornament worn on the wrist. According to the structure, it can be generally divided into two types: one is a closed ring made of jade; Second, there are ports or several chains, mostly made of metal. According to the production materials, it can be divided into gold bracelets, silver bracelets, jade bracelets and gem bracelets.

There are two functions of bracelets: one is to show identity and personality; The second is to beautify the arm. Bracelets are usually worn on the left hand, and gemstone bracelets should be worn on the wrist; Those without gems can be worn loosely on your wrist. Only pairs of bracelets can be worn at the same time.

2 ring: it is a ring-shaped ornament worn on the finger, originally called a ring. It is the most popular ornament in jewelry. There are many kinds of materials for making rings, such as gold, silver, platinum, jade and all kinds of jewelry, and the styles are constantly updated. In addition to the decorative effect on fingers, rings are mainly used as tokens of love. An essential procedure for Europeans and Americans to get married is that the groom puts a wedding ring on the bride's finger to show his love for the bride.

6? 1 According to the data, rings were worn in China about 4000 years ago. By the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was very common for women to wear rings. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, people took rings as keepsakes, and young men and women often expressed their love by giving them away. In the Tang Dynasty, the ring became more popular as a token of love, and it has continued to this day.

6? 1 It is reported that the ring originated from the ancient court in China. Women wear rings to commemorate something. The ring is a sign of "no" and "no". At that time, the emperor had seventy-two concubines in three palaces and six courtyards. In the harem, the eunuch wrote down the date when she accompanied the king and put a silver ring on her right hand as a mark. When the queen is pregnant and informs the eunuch, they will wear a gold ring on their left hand to show abstinence.

6? 1 Later, the ring became a wedding token. In the14th century, it became common for European women to wear rings. On which finger to wear, there are also established customs: the index finger means to get married and propose marriage; The middle finger means being in love; The ring finger indicates engagement or marriage; The little finger means celibacy. Thumb usually doesn't wear a ring. Rings are usually worn on the left hand, which is also a custom accepted by all countries in the world.