Some simple questions

In the 5,000-year history of the Chinese nation, the "Zhang family" with thousands of branches and veins was born. His son and grandson have multiplied in China and spread all over the world, with nearly 100 million nationalities. .....

Examination of Zhang surname

Zhang is one of the biggest surnames in China, with a long history and many families. Zhang used to have 43 aristocratic families, which is unparalleled among all surnames.

Zhang's surname has three obvious characteristics. First, his surname is early and has a long history. Second, there are many clans all over the country, and there are Zhang clan relatives everywhere; Third, there are countless talents. Since ancient times, Zhang's outstanding figures have contributed to the prosperity of the Chinese nation.

Regarding the ancestor of Zhang, there are the following records in the history books of past dynasties: "The five sons of the Yellow Emperor are clear and clear, and they are bows and arrows. He looks at and worships the North Star. Because of Zhang's surname (see Yuanhe's surname), "he waved an arc arrow and was sealed by Zhang, followed by a bow. Zhang, look outside Taiyuan. " (See research on surnames)

"Zhang, Huang, Li, Zhao and Huangdi gave their surnames." (See "Custom Pass")

"Zhang, Shi Jin and Jin are divided into three parts, and this is the Jin Gong who takes the word as his surname. The genealogist is called the son of the Yellow Emperor and the fifth son of Qingyang family. He bows and watches the arc stars, then makes bows and arrows, worships the arc stars, and gives his surname Zhang. This is not a natural surname. According to the Jin Dynasty, there was a surname Zhang. Since then, the Zhang family has appeared in the Jin Dynasty, so it is undoubtedly because of the word "Zhang". (See "Tongzhi". Clan strategy. Take the word as the surname ")

"Zhang is from Ji, and Zhou's ancestors are in South Korea. The twelve most popular ones are Xiangyang, Luoyang, Hedong, Shixing, Feng Yi, Pingyuan, Qinghe, Hejian, Zhongshan, Wei and Shu (see preface to Zhang's genealogy).

Judging from the above records, the origin of Zhang's surname can be traced back to the ancestor of the Chinese nation, Huangdi, five thousand years ago, and he is a direct descendant of Huangdi. Qingyang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, gave birth to a son. After the Yellow Emperor sealed China, it was the ancestor of Zhang. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that Zhang is a direct descendant of the Yellow Emperor.

This famous Chinese descendant is very clever. When he saw the arc star in the sky, he made a bow and an arrow by imitating its shape. It turns out that there is a star named "Tiangong" in the sky, which is called "Arc" for short. It belongs to Su Jing, on nine planets southeast of Sirius. Eight stars, such as arches, and aliens, such as vectors, are in the dog and Nanchuan constellations. Song history. Heaven asked: "nine planets is in the southeast of Wolf Star, and so is the bow." He saw the bow and was inspired by the shape of the bow and arrow, and invented the bow and arrow, an important weapon in ancient times. He was also given the surname Zhang.

However, the original "Zhang" has an unnatural surname meaning. Because after the invention of the bow and arrow, before using it, the bow must be pulled open with strength, otherwise, it cannot be used. Therefore, the swing is named "Zhang". Since then, the descendants of the swing have been divided into two factions, some surnamed Gong and some surnamed Zhang, which is also the reason. Later generations of Zhang, when talking about their surnames, often interpret it as "a bow with a long beard" because of this. This surnamed Zhang, who originated from the swing, got his surname very early and is the earliest and oldest surnamed Zhang in China.

Nearly 2000 years later, about 3000 years ago, in the Zhou Dynasty, two more Zhang surnames appeared on the land of China. Different from other surnames, these two newly added Zhang surnames are also named Huangdi, and they both come from Korea and Jin State established by the descendants of free Ji surnames. In South Korea and the State of Jin, some people take Zhang as their surname, that is, "Zhang's surname comes from Ji's surname, and those who go to Zhou's surname come from Korea", and "Zhang's surname comes from the State of Jin, and the word originated from the State of Jin". In the general origin of the Zhang family, two branches have been added. These two Zhang's origins are more than two thousand years later than Houlang's, but they are all descendants of Xuanyuan Huangdi, but they are far and near.

Regarding the earliest origin of Zhang's surname, the wave branch directly handed down by the Yellow Emperor originated in Taiyuan today. Taiyuan is the birthplace of the Zhang family in China and the seat of the Zhang family of the Chinese nation.

After arriving in North Korea and Jin State of Zhou Dynasty, the origin of Zhang surname also developed to many places due to the addition of new origin. At that time, South Korea's "12 most promising people" was quoted by Jue Yuan, but it is no longer here. At that time, the State of Jin became a prominent family of Zhang's "Qinghe, Nanyang, Anding, Dunhuang, Wuwei, Fanyang, Qianwei, Liangzhong, Zhongshan, Hanoi and Gaoping". Han and Jin changed their surnames to Zhang, later than their descendants, but later came from behind and spread widely. According to "China Surname House Zhang Paper Atlas", in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang had a reputation of 43, which not only spread all over the country, but also became a prominent family in many places, surpassing other surnames. These two surnames of Zhang in Zhou Dynasty played an important role in Zhang's becoming the most popular surname in China.

In the origin of Zhang's surname, there are also elements of ethnic minorities joining. After the Han Dynasty, due to the prosperity of Liu Han, some ethnic minorities changed their surnames to Liu, and a few ethnic minorities changed their surnames to Zhang. Some people with the same surname admire Zhang's clan, but they also abandon their original surname and choose Zhang to follow. "Historical Records Zhang Liao's real name is Nie, later changed to Zhang. Historical Records Biography of Longyou also records that Zhuge Liang named Longyou Zhang in the Han Dynasty. These are all examples.

There are many branches of the Zhang clan, and the situation of spreading and moving is also more complicated. Because the Zhang family is all over the country and the Zhang family is all over the country, the Zhang family's spread and migration for thousands of years has its very complicated characteristics. Although the Zhang family has its own breeding centers in various places, its ancestors, migration time and route are different from other surnames. It moves in different places, at different times, along different routes and in different directions.

Zhang has always been a talent. Zhang Yi lobbied six countries to deal with Qin in Lian Heng during the Warring States Period. In the following dynasties and generations, Zhang celebrities stepped onto the historical stage. Zhang's "family heirlooms" are countless. The following are just a few examples:

Among the celebrities in the Han Dynasty, Zhang was among the best. No matter in politics, achievements, or academic, artistic, medical and other aspects, it is at the forefront. Sean was a minister in the early Han Dynasty. He had many ingenious strategies to help Liu Bang win the world. Zhang Qian's two missions to the Western Regions strengthened the ties between the Central Plains and ethnic minorities, developed friendly relations between the Han people and the people of Central Asia, and promoted economic and cultural exchanges and development. Scientist Zhang Heng created the world's earliest armillary sphere and seismograph for measuring earthquakes. Zhang Zhongjing, a famous medical scientist, wrote Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, which made great contributions to the development of medicine in China. Calligrapher Zhang Zhi said, "The style of Chinese characters is a stroke, occasionally disconnected, but the blood vessels are continuous, the connected ones are also connected together, and the qi veins are also connected together, so it is called" this grass ".

After the Han dynasty, there was the opening angle of the yellow turban insurrectionary leader; General Zhang Fei and Zhang Liao in the Three Kingdoms period; Zhang Zai, a writer and scholar in Jin Dynasty; Tang Dynasty poets Zhang Ji, Zhang Hu and Zhang Ji, calligrapher Zhang Xu; Zhang Lei, a poet in Song Dynasty. According to legend, there was a Zhang Gongyi family in the Tang Dynasty, and the ninth lived together for * * * wealth, which was praised far and near. After the news reached Tang Gaozong, the emperor personally came to visit. Gao Zong asked him the secret of maintaining family business and family harmony, and he only wrote 100 words of "forbearance" as an answer. Gaozong realized the principle of governing the country. Deeply moved, he drove back to the palace contentedly. Since then, in order to commemorate this meaningful event, Zhang Gongyi's family adopted "forbearance" as the family emblem. According to ancient records of the Tang Dynasty, during the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, many ministers presented rare treasures for Xuanzong's birthday, and only Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister, presented a copy of the Millennium Golden Chamber. In his book, he discussed in detail the ways of rise and fall in ancient and modern times, aiming to persuade Xuanzong to remember the lessons of rise and fall in previous dynasties when the world was at peace, and to be prepared for danger in times of peace and protect the country forever. Afterwards, Xuanzong cherished his precious "gift" and wrote a letter to show off his watch. So people in Zhang Jiuling are also proud of it, and began to take "Jin Jian" as the Tang name.

Since ancient times, Zhang has produced 63 prime ministers and 56 generals. In addition, such as the thinker Zhang Zai's contribution to Confucianism, the sublimation of Buddhist thought by Buddhists (common surname Zhang), and the Taoism, etc. It is of great significance. Another example is Zhang Xueliang's military remonstrance against Japan and Zhang Fulin's space exploration. It is also an important event that has made contributions in the contemporary era and gone down in history. These are the great contributions of Zhang people to history and culture.

Today, Zhang ranks third among hundreds of surnames.

About Zhang Zi ~

Zhāng

(1) separate; Open: open your eyes; Open your mouth; Open; Bow and shoot arrows.

2 look; Look: Look around.

③ expansion; Exaggeration: expansion; Exaggeration; Bluff.

4 indulgence; Arrogance: Arrogance.

⑤ furnishings; Paving: hanging; Luxury; Decorate with lanterns and colorful decorations.

6 quantifier: one mouth; A piece of paper; Two tables; Three beds.

7 opening a shop: opening a new one; Opening.

Last name. See "Zhang surname".

Su Zhang: It refers to Zhang Shicheng in Jiangsu in the early Yuan Dynasty.

△ Zhang Guan: zhāng guān lǐ dài's hat is worn on Li's head, which is a metaphor for using the wrong object or the wrong fact.

He often tells stories, which makes everyone laugh.

△ tongue-tied: zhāng kǒu Jie shé can't speak with his mouth open. Describe being speechless because of argument or nervousness and fear.

After Xiaoming's lie was exposed by his mother, he was immediately tongue-tied and speechless for a long time.

△ Look around: zhāngwàng looks through a small hole or gap; Look around or far away.

After hearing the noise, he put his head out of the window and looked around, but found nothing unusual.

△ tooth lubrication: zhā ng yá w ǔ zh ǔ o describes madness and fierceness.

Example: The gangster came at me with a sharp knife and bared his teeth, only to be knocked down by the police a few times.

△ Propaganda: zhāngyáng spreads things that are secret or don't need everyone to know.

It is strictly forbidden to publicize this matter, so as to avoid the opponent's preparedness.

More information-

Zhang's Motion: Sound and Form. There was a long sound coming from the bow. Original intention: put the string on the bow

be synonymous

Zhang, bow and string. -Shuo Wen

One by one. -Book of Rites? Miscellaneous notes

Lu Qin opened his words. -"Zuo zhuan"? Twenty years in Zhao Gong. "

A good bow is hard to stretch, but it can stretch high and deep. -"Mozi? Pro-scholar

What is Heaven? The highest person suppresses it, and the lower person lifts it. -"Lao Zi"

The bowstring is pulled open and the arrow is held in the hand. -"Poetry? Xiaoya? auspicious day

Another example: full (full with a bow). It also means to tighten the strings, to tighten the strings on an instrument.

The new tension of the string is higher when the gold pole is pulled into the rosewood groove. Don? Zhang Ji's Palace Ci

Another example: Zhang Se (tuning the string on the harp); Pull the string (attached to the string; Tighten the strings)

Open the bow; bowstring

More empty strings. ――

Zhang (zhāng)

1. Put the string on the bow. Bow: ~ bow.

1. instrument winding: change strings more ~.

3. open, expand: ~ open. ~ mouth. Big ~ flag up ~.

4. Stretch, unfold and exaggerate: stretch ~. Expand. Like ~. Bluff ~ momentum.

Indulge, unrestrained: be good ~. Arrogant.

6. furnishings: a grand banquet. Spread ~ waste.

Look, look: look from east to west.

⒏ refers to opening a shop: open ~.

9 quantifier: two beds. Four ~ newspapers.

⒑ The name of the star. One of the 28 residences.

⒒: Panic: The emperor lost his mind. 2 exaggeration, showing off: ~ the words of the emperor.

5] (1) Set nets to catch insects and birds. 2 Cooking, planning and socializing: Please take care of it.

Zhang zhongzhang

1. Pass "hukou". The tabernacle. 2. It refers to the display of curtains and other things. See "Zhang Ju". 3. preach "inflation". Expansion. 4. (read zhāng today) exaggeration; Expand; Make public.

Exploring the origin of Zhang surname

About the word "Zhang"

Zhang is an pictograph, and he looks like a person who is eager to make a move.

Zhang, a traditional Chinese character with eyes, consists of a bow and a long left and right side. When people surnamed Zhang introduce their surnames to others, they all say "bow", which shows that they attach great importance to the "bow" in surnames. From the perspective of philology, "bow" is also the core of the word "Zhang".

Zhang Zi was not found in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, but there are many inscriptions on bronzes and stone tools, and their writing styles are also different. Although these words are written in different ways, they have a basic feature, that is, they cannot be separated from bows, arrows and lengths, especially bows. It can be said that without a bow, there is no Zhang. Judging from the evolution of glyphs, Zhang was originally a combination of bows and arrows. Bow and arrow are naturally combined into one. Where there is a bow, there must be a target, which need not be emphasized. So the arrow gradually withdrew and gave way to the longbow, and finally stabilized into a longbow complex. A long bow means that this bow is more powerful than an ordinary bow.

Zhang Zi has many meanings. The New Chinese Dictionary has 2 1 meaning, and the general dictionary has more than ten meanings such as exaggeration, openness, strength, fullness, posting, reading, hope, expansion and arrangement. But most of them come from later generations, and the earliest dictionaries have few meanings. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" said: "Zhang, bow string is also. From the bow, long sound. " Guangya Shi San: "Zhang," There is another meaning, which can be seen: "Luo takes birds and beasts and says Zhang." He also said, "Zhang, set it up and set it as a machine trap to serve birds and animals."

There are three main sources of Zhang:

First, from the Yellow Emperor, waving is the ancestor.

According to the genealogy table of prime ministers in the book of the New Tang Dynasty, "The son of the Yellow Emperor, Qingyang Wuzi, wielded a bow and arrow, and later generations gave him the surname Zhang." This Zhang clan was directly handed down by the Yellow Emperor, which originated in Qingyang near Jinci in the southwest of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, and later in this area.

Zhang surname is an ancient surname, which originated from a distant legendary era. It is said that Zhang's ancestor's name was Hua. He is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor (the son of the Yellow Emperor) and a great inventor. He invented the bow and arrow and the net. Bows and arrows and nets, as new production tools at that time, enabled people to hunt more birds and animals, catch more fish and shrimp, and reduce the harm of wild animals to themselves. The clan and tribe to which Bo belongs have produced bows and arrows and fishing nets for generations, so his descendants take "Zhang" as their surname.

The Yellow Emperor is Zhang's recognized blood ancestor and the leader of the Chinese tribal alliance in the ancient legend era. He ruled the world with virtue, benevolence, faith, selecting talents and appointing talents, and severely punishing stubborn killers, creating a prosperous time of singing and dancing.

According to The Emperor's Century, the Yellow Emperor was born because his mother had a treasure attached to her. "(The Yellow Emperor) was born in Shouqiu, Jishui, Dede, Bear, and lives in the hill of Xuanyuan, so he thought it was a name because he was pregnant for 24 months." Based on this, later generations deduced two kinds of legends.

One legend is that the Yellow Emperor was born when the Emperor of Heaven came down to earth. At that time, it was the Shennong era. Uncle Shennong had a son named Shaodian, who was the monarch of Xiongguo (in Xinzheng County, Henan Province). At that time, Shaodian clan was intermarrying with Youqiao clan. So Shaodian married Fu Bao, the daughter of (Bug Joe). One day, Shao Dian and Fu Bao went to work in the fields with wooden stakes. As they walked, it suddenly became dark and the sky was full of stars, just like at night. At this moment, Fu Bao looked up and saw a shining lightning revolving around the Big Dipper from time to time like a snake. In an instant, the field was covered with rich green light. Soon, Fu Bao only felt something move suddenly in her stomach, which scared her to make a hullabaloo about. Shaodian hurried back to ask questions, but she said nothing. After that, Fu Bao got pregnant. From the day of pregnancy, 24 months later, that is, one day in the third year, Fu Bao gave birth to a boy in Xuanyuan Mountain, northwest of Xinzheng (in Qufu, Shandong). Because I was born in Xuanyuan, I named my child Xuanyuan. Legend has it that Xuanyuan is born to talk and is very elf. When he was a child, he saw someone building a house on a tree and said, "Building a house on a tree is neither convenient nor safe. Wouldn't it be better to build a house on the ground? " Soon, Shennong heard about this view of the Yellow Emperor, which greatly disappointed him. So the Yellow Emperor built a house on the ground for him to see, and Shennong was convinced.

Another legend is that Fu Bao and Shao Dian moved to Shouqiu in Qufu, Shandong Province shortly after they got married. One early winter night, Attached Bao went to the suburbs for a walk alone. She looked up at the starry sky and was homesick. Suddenly, a silver-white lightning appeared in the sky, turned around the pivot star in the Big Dipper several times, and then quickly disappeared from the sky to the ground. At this time, the surprised attached treasure suddenly felt a strange feeling on her. After a while, she realized that she was pregnant by lightning. Then, 24 months later, one day in the winter of the third year, the Yellow Emperor was born in Shouqiu. The newly born Yellow Emperor has a raised forehead, shaped like the sun, and a dragon's face. Its hands and feet are also like the claws and toes of a dragon. Stranger still, the Yellow Emperor has four faces. It is said that the Yellow Emperor can look around anytime and anywhere, listen to all directions, observe and understand everything, so as to better cooperate with the camera. The Yellow Emperor was born babbling and could walk soon. He left Shouqiu at the age of ten, studied under his teacher, and traveled around famous mountains and rivers.

Huangdi lived in the primitive clan commune era. At that time, the social structure of China was represented by clans-tribes composed of several clans-tribal alliances composed of several tribes. Clans, tribes and tribal alliances often have wars for their own interests. At first, the Yellow Emperor was only the leader of the tribe named Ji. In the long-term campaign, he gradually established his prestige, and finally completed the rule of other tribes and sat on the throne of the tribal alliance leader.

The wars with Emperor Yan, Chiyou and Xingtian were three milestones of Huangdi's road to leadership. According to documents, Huang and Yan Di are brothers, and Mandarin says, "Once upon a time, the young couple married Jiao Jia and gave birth to the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di. The Yellow Emperor was made of water, and the Yan Emperor was made of Jiang Shui. Merits are different, so the Yellow Emperor is a discipline, a ginger, ... Different surnames, different virtues, different virtues. " "New Book Benefiting the Earth" said: "Yandi and Huangdi's half-brother each have half the world." When the Yellow Emperor became the leader of the Ji tribe and began to flourish, the tribe had embarked on the road of weakness and decline. Clans conquered each other and oppressed the people, but Yan Di could not calm the war and protect his subjects, so the Yellow Emperor rose up and taught the people to use war to collect cruelty. So all clans came to worship and submit to the Yellow Emperor. Emperor Yan's move to Zhuolu (Zhuolu, Hebei, Yuncheng, Shanxi) is still a big event. History says that "without relatives, without standing, the wise are chilling" (Yi Zhou Shu Shi Ji). It is in this case that the Yellow Emperor once again "cultivate one's morality and cultivate one's nature" and decided to fight against Emperor Yan in Zhuolu. According to documents, the allied clans and tribes led by the Yellow Emperor, with bears, scorpions, wolves, leopards, tigers as totems, waved battle flags made of birds of the week, cuckoos, eagles, kites and other feathers, violently attacked Zhuolu, and Emperor Yan retreated to Hanquan in the east of the city. After a bloody battle, Huang "killed Emperor Yan and did whatever he wanted", so "the world ruled". The defeated Yan Di tribes were forced to migrate to the south and east, intertwined with the Miao Man Group in the Yangtze River valley, and gradually merged. The victory of Huangyan War established Huangdi's leadership over the middle reaches of the Yellow River, which belonged to Yandi's sphere of influence, and made him the leader of the tribal alliances in the Central Plains (known as the "Central Emperor" in history).