The story of ancient scientist Zhang Heng

Zhang Heng, a famous ancient scientist, invented the armillary sphere, seismograph and weather vane, which made outstanding contributions to the scientific and cultural undertakings of mankind. The following are the celebrity stories I collected for you, hoping to help you.

The story of the ancient scientist Zhang Heng 1 Zhang Heng was a scientist, writer and inventor in ancient China. He invented the "seismograph", which is the first instrument in the world to measure earthquakes and their directions. He also invented the armillary sphere and the barometer.

We have learned "Children Counting Stars" in Chinese textbooks for primary schools. This child is Zhang Heng, an ancient scientist in China. Zhang Heng's story is a household name, and his achievements are world-famous.

Zhang Heng was an outstanding scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He loves to think since he was a child, and he always wants to get to the bottom of everything around him.

One summer night, Zhang Heng, grandpa and grandma were enjoying the cool in the yard. He sat on the bamboo bed, upturned his head, looked blankly at the sky, raised his fingers from time to time and counted the stars carefully.

Zhang Heng said to grandpa, "I counted for a long time and saw some stars moving. What was in the sky has gone to the west. Some stars appeared and some disappeared. Aren't they running? "

Grandpa said, "The stars will move. If you want to know the stars, you must look at the Big Dipper first. Look at the seven bright stars over there. Together, it's like an iron for ironing clothes. It is easy to find ... "

"oh! I found it! " Xiao Zhangheng was very excited and asked, "So, how does it move?"

Grandpa thought for a moment and said, "About midnight, it moved to the horizon. At dawn, Beidou turned over and hung upside down in the sky ... "

That night, Zhang Heng couldn't sleep and got up many times to see Beidou. In the dead of night, he saw the bright big dipper hanging upside down. How happy he feels! He thought: Why does this Beidou turn like this? What is the reason? At dawn, he hurried to ask grandpa, who couldn't explain it clearly. So, with this question, he went to read astronomical literature.

Later, when Zhang Heng grew up, the emperor learned that he was outstanding in literary talent, so he called Zhang Heng to Luoyang, the capital, as an imperial adviser, mainly in charge of astronomical calendars.

In order to explore the mysteries of nature, young Zhang Heng often studies alone in his study and often stands on the observatory to observe the sun, moon and stars. He thought, if we can make an instrument that can observe the sky from above and the earth from below, and predict what will happen in nature, it will be of great help to people to prevent disasters and expose those absurd superstitious stories!

Therefore, Zhang Heng analyzed and studied the observation data from books, and began the trial production of the instrument of "observing the sky and the earth". He first wrote a book about his research called Lingxian. In this book, he tells people that the sky is spherical, like an egg, the sky is like an eggshell, wrapped outside the ground, and the ground is like an egg yolk. This is the so-called "Huntian Theory".

Then according to this theory, Zhang Heng began to design and manufacture instruments. I don't know how many stormy mornings and sleepless nights passed, when the armillary sphere, one of the most advanced astronomical instruments in the world, was born. This big copper ball is very similar to today's globe. It is mounted on an inclined shaft. Through hydraulic rotation, its rotation speed is exactly the same as that of the earth. On this artificial celestial body, you can see the stars in space accurately. Zhang Heng said: "There are 2,500 visible stars in the sky, but we often only see 120."

Later, after studying hard, Zhang Heng invented and created the world's first instrument that can predict earthquakes-the seismograph. This seismograph is also made of steel, shaped like a wine jar, surrounded by eight dragons, and each longkou contains a small copper ball. As long as the copper ball in the dragon's mouth spits out, it means that there is an earthquake in that direction. The test was very effective, and there was no failure.

Zhang Heng's creation and invention in science is great because he loved science since childhood, studied diligently, observed experiments persistently, and was able to combine book knowledge with practical experience and obtain it through his own hard research and creation.

The story of ancient scientist Zhang Heng 2 Zhang Heng's family has been a local surname for generations. His grandfather, Zhang Kan, was called a holy boy since he was a child. He once gave his nephew millions of dollars. After Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu ascended the throne, Zhang Kan was appointed as the prefect of Shu County, and he made great contributions to Gongsun Shu. Later, he led the troops against the Huns and was worshipped as the prefect of Yuyang. Thousands of cavalry used to break the Huns' attack. Since then, during his tenure, the Huns have never dared to intrude. He also taught the people to farm and cultivated 8000 hectares of rice fields, which made the people rich. Therefore, some folk songs praised him, saying that "Junwei Zhang politics was overjoyed" and Zhang Kan was an honest official. When attacking Shu, he was the first to attack Chengdu, but he got nothing from the mountains of treasures left by Gongsun Shu. Shu County is known as Tianfu, but when Zhang Kan was transferred from the magistrate of Shu County, he took an old car with only a roll of cloth and a quilt.

Like his grandfather, Zhang Heng studied hard since childhood and made a fortune in his teens. /kloc-left home to study abroad after 0/6. He first went to Sanfu (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi), an academic and cultural center at that time. The magnificent mountains and rivers in this area and the magnificent ruins of the ancient capital of Qin and Han dynasties provided him with rich literary creation materials. Later, he went to Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty. There, he went to imperial academy, the highest institution of higher learning at that time, met Cui Yuan, a famous scholar later, and became close friends with him. Rolling has a wide range of interests. He taught himself the Five Classics, which has infiltrated the Six Arts. He also likes to study arithmetic, astronomy, geography and mechanical manufacturing. However, in his youth, most of his interests were still poetry, words and prose. Although he is above others, he is not proud. Usually calm and indifferent, do not like to associate with laity.

Ping Zi (AD 78-139) was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty and western Hubei (now Shiqiao, Zhao County, Henan Province). Outstanding scientists invented the armillary sphere, the seismograph, the meteorological instrument for measuring the wind direction, etc. He has made outstanding contributions to the scientific and cultural undertakings of mankind.

When Zhang Heng was a child, his family was poor, but he was young, studious and smart. Cui Ai, a famous scholar in China, said that he was "intelligent, sensitive and eager to learn, like the death of Sichuan, and never sleeps". When he was a teenager, he accumulated quite a wealth of knowledge. In the sixth year of Yongyuan (AD 94), Zhang Heng left his hometown with lofty political ambitions and began to travel around famous cities, seeking teachers and asking for jobs. He once traveled to Sanfu, entered the capital, observed imperial studies, recited the Five Classics and practiced six arts. At the age of eighteen, he wrote his first literary work, Wenquan Fu.

At the age of twenty-three, Zhang Heng was hired as the master book by Baode, the magistrate of Nanyang County. Since then, he has spent ten years writing two famous Jingbin (that is, Xijingbin and Tokyo Bin), satirizing the unhealthy trend of "the world will be extravagant for a long time", vividly describing the grand occasion of the famous capital and the old city, and showing his high achievements in literature.

In the fourth year of Yongchuan (A.D. 1 10), Zhang Heng was recommended by Baode to become a doctor in Beijing. After three years in office, he was promoted to assistant minister of Shangshu, and was promoted again in the second year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1 15). He was appointed by a surname to be in charge of astronomy, calendar and weather forecast. Since then, he devoted himself to literature and achieved great success.

Zhang Heng's view of celestial bodies in the universe is "Huntian theory", which holds that "Huntian is like a chicken" and the relationship between heaven and earth is like an eggshell wrapped with egg yolk. His book Lingxian used terms such as equator, ecliptic, South Pole and North Pole, and drew the first complete star map of China, with 2,500 stars. In 1 17, he created the world's first armillary sphere driven by dripping water from a copper pot. The armillary sphere can turn twice, and it is engraved with the north and south poles, the equator and the ecliptic. Twenty-four solar terms, sun, moon, stars, etc. The positions and positions of the sun, the moon and the stars are exactly the same as those in the universe. In the first year of Jianguang (A.D. 12 1), Zhang Heng was transferred to Sima Ling, and then went to the lunar eclipse table. In the first year of Yongjian (AD 126), Shun Di was transferred to the old post of Taishiling. In the first year of Yangjia (AD 132), a seismograph for waiting for the wind was created, which was made of pure copper and shaped like a wine bottle. Eight dragons surround it, with their faucets facing east, south, west, north and northeast, southeast, northwest and southwest respectively. Every dragon has a copper pill in its mouth, and a frog is squatting under every faucet. If there is an earthquake, the longkou in the direction of the earthquake will automatically open, and the copper pill will roll out and fall into the frog's mouth. The staff can immediately write down the time and direction of the earthquake.

Zhang Heng also created and invented the drum car in the meter, the guide car, the shadow-measuring turtle, the unique wood carving and so on. , and wrote the theory of calendar composition and calculation, and wrote more than 30 books on science, philosophy and literature. He made great contributions to calendar, mathematics, philosophy and literature and art.

The Story of Ancient Scientist Zhang Heng 4 1956 The People's Government of Nanyang City, Henan Province renovated a magnificent ancient tomb, which is the famous Zhang Heng's Tomb.

Zhang Heng was born in 78 AD in Xi, Nanyang, now stonebridge, Nanyang City, Henan Province. He was a famous scientist and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He read widely since he was a child and left his hometown to study abroad at the age of fifteen. He entered Wuguan first and traveled to Sanfu. At the age of seventeen, on his way to Luoyang, he climbed to the top of Mount Li. Facing the vast world and magnificent mountains and rivers, he felt unprecedented pride and infinite touch. When he went down the mountain, he went swimming in Jinshen Hot Spring again. During this tour, Zhang Heng got a preliminary understanding of the natural landscape, historical features, social feelings and academic situation near Kyoto, and also enriched his life experience.

Soon, Zhang Heng arrived in Luoyang, the capital, and entered imperial academy. He devoted all his energy to studying classics and discussing problems with some like-minded friends. Zhang Heng's family is very poor, and he usually eats, wears and uses frugally. On winter nights, he only covers a broken quilt and crouches under the lamp to read. Because there are no shoes to wear, his feet are often red and swollen with cold, even festering, but he gritted his teeth and persisted.

Zhang Heng often observes the sun, moon and stars and explores their laws of motion in the sky. He wrote his research results in a book called paranormal. In this book, he used terms such as equator, ecliptic, South Pole and North Pole. Zhang Heng recorded 2500 stars and drew the first complete star map of China. At that time, he already knew that the moon itself does not shine, and it will only reflect light when it is illuminated by the sun; The dark part of the moon is the part that the sun cannot shine on. So when the position of the moon is opposite to the sun, it is a full moon; People can't see the moon when it runs in the same direction as the sun. He also explained that according to the law of the sun moving in the air, the days are short in winter and the nights are long in summer. He said that the sky is like an eggshell, wrapped outside the ground; The ground is as yellow as an egg, in the middle of the sky. This hypothesis is called "Huntington Theory". Before Zhang Heng, most people believed in the theory of "covering the sky", thinking that the ground was flat and the sky was locked on the ground like a bowl. Although Zhang Heng's "Huntian Theory" is not in line with the actual situation, it is an improvement compared with "Gaitian Theory" and has practical significance for calendar calculation.

In A.D. 1 17, Zhang Heng successfully developed a hydraulically driven astronomical instrument in Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is also the earliest mechanical rotation timer in the world. It was not until12nd century that mechanical timepieces were manufactured in Europe, which was more than 1000 years later than in China. In A.D. 132, Zhang Heng invented the world's first seismograph. These inventions have left an immortal chapter in the history of world scientific development and made outstanding contributions to the development of science and technology in China.

The story of ancient scientist Zhang Heng consists of five stories. Zhang Heng (78- 139), named Ping Zi, was born in Xi 'e, Nanyang (now stonebridge, Nanyang County, Henan Province). He was a great astronomer in the Eastern Han Dynasty and made an indelible contribution to the development of astronomy in China. In mathematics, geography, painting and literature, Zhang Heng also showed extraordinary talent and extensive knowledge.

When I was a child, Zhang Heng was smart and modest, especially fond of thinking. He is full of interest in everything in nature. Flowers with dewdrops in the morning, the sun hanging high in the sky at noon, the bright moon and twinkling stars in the sky at night all made him have endless associations. He always asks his parents questions.

Once, he and his mother went to dig wild vegetables in the field. When I went out, the sun had just risen in the east, red and lovely. He accidentally saw how long his shadow was. I wish I were as tall as a shadow, he thought. Unconsciously, at noon, my mother dug a basket full of wild vegetables. He skipped along behind his mother. "Ah! Where is the shadow? " He shouted in surprise. Looking down, the shadow huddled and stepped on the foot. Rolling hurriedly asked his mother what was going on. Mom said it was because the shadow would get shorter and huddled when the sun rose to the highest at noon, and it would get longer when the sun was about to set at night.

Back home, Zhang Heng has been paying attention to the length of his shadow. He found that it was really like his mother said: at night, his shadow became as long as in the morning. He felt that he had learned a little new knowledge and was extremely happy.

One summer night, my parents took Xiao Zhangheng to the threshing floor to enjoy the cool. This is the happiest time of people's day. The adults shook their fans and chatted; The children chattered happily and played hide-and-seek and play house for a while. Zhang Heng was the only one standing by quietly, staring at the vast night sky, muttering "One, two ..." His mother thought that he was tired of going out with himself during the day, so she said, "Heng, if you are tired, go back to your house and have a rest. Don't just stand there and lose your soul. " Zhang Heng didn't seem to hear it, but still stood there, staring at the sky.

Seeing that he was silent, his parents left him alone. After a while, the adults were sleepy and went home to sleep. He still looked at the sky. At this moment, an older child came over and patted him on the shoulder and said, "Cough! Stupid, always staring at the sky, there will be no golden beans on it. " Zhang Heng just came to his senses, rubbed his sore neck and said, "Who expects golden beans to fall from the sky? I am counting the stars. " As soon as this language came out, everyone froze. "What, what, counting the stars, really fresh, and counting the stars fool. Then I ask you, have you calculated it? " Big brother asked. "I haven't finished counting, but now I have counted 1000."

A grandfather next to him interjected, "Don't count, son, there are countless stars in the sky. These stars are endless and erratic ... "Zhang Heng interrupted grandpa's words:" No, there were only more than a thousand stars in the world that day. As long as I keep counting, I will definitely finish counting. " Grandpa was moved by Zhang Heng's persistent spirit and didn't know what to say at once.

Zhang Heng's father rushed over and made a circle: "Don't talk to grandpa like this." Zhang Heng realized that he was wrong and quickly apologized to Grandpa. But he turned around and still wanted to explain to his father. Father knew what he was thinking and said, "Henson, I know what you are thinking, but you can't count them one by one." The distribution of stars in the sky is regular. You should divide them into constellations according to these laws. This will make them clear and remember. "

Xiao Zhang Heng nodded and did as his father said. Sure enough, he met many new stars.

With the growth of age, Zhang Heng's thirst for knowledge is getting stronger and stronger. At that time, various natural disasters occurred frequently, especially those caused by earthquakes. It comes and goes without a trace, but once it happens, it is extremely destructive. This caused Zhang Heng to think. He wants to know whether it is possible to make an instrument to accurately determine its location after the earthquake, so as to allocate relief supplies in time. After setting the goal, he consulted a lot of information about the earthquake and did a lot of field investigations.

Sometimes, in order to get first-hand information, Zhang Heng personally went to the place where the earthquake just happened to measure the earthquake sensation of the earth. Once, when he inserted the seismograph into the soil and was about to read the data, a violent aftershock struck and an earth wall not far from him collapsed. Fortunately, he reacted quickly and dodged a bullet, otherwise he would have been smashed into a paste. He patted the dust on his body and continued to look at the data on the instrument. People in the distance don't understand what he has done and think he is crazy. However, Zhang Heng was unmoved and still studied the seismograph day and night. Soon, the seismograph came out successfully.