Pupils must recite 80 ancient poems for translation.

Qinggaoding

Grasshoppers fly in February,

Brush willows on the embankment, get drunk and smoke in the spring.

The children came back early from school,

Use Dongfeng to fly a kite.

To annotate ...

(1) Village residence: Living in the country.

⑵ Brush willow: The branches of willow are very long, hanging down and swinging slightly, as if touching the bank.

(3) Drunk: intoxicated, intoxicated.

(4) expulsion from school: after school.

5. Paper kite: kite: eagle. Kite: A kite.

Notes on the title or background of a book.

The author of Village Residence is Gao Ding, a poet in Qing Dynasty. This poem describes the scene of spring when the poet lived in the country and the scene of children flying kites after school. In early spring and February, the grass grows and the willows brush the embankment, and the children fly kites with great interest. There is a scene where someone has something to do, full of life interest, and draws a lively "happy spring picture". Between the lines of the whole poem, the poet's joy and praise for the coming of spring are revealed.

translate

In February of the lunar calendar, grass gradually germinates and grows around the village, and orioles fly around. Willow covered with long green branches, swaying in the wind, as if gently stroking the bank. Water vapor evaporates between Shui Ze and vegetation and condenses like smoke. Willow seems to be fascinated by this beautiful scenery. After school, the children in the village went home early without hesitation and quickly flew kites in the blue sky on the strong east wind.

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Village House depicts a picture of children flying kites on the grass near the village in spring. This is a picture of rural life with natural scenery and touching people, full of vitality and spring. After reading this poem, we seem to enjoy the beautiful spring scenery in the countryside with the poet and share the joy of children flying kites.

The first sentence is about time and natural scenery. In early spring and February, the grass grows green buds, and orioles fly in the sky and sing happily. The long branches of willows beside the embankment brushed the ground gently, as if drunk and trembling in the spring smoke.

The second sentence is about character activities. The children came back from school early and flew kites in the east wind. The children, east wind, kites, people and things chosen by the poet add some vitality and hope to the beautiful spring scenery.

Meet Li Guinian at the lower reaches of the river

Du Fu

Seeing the house is very common, but Cui has heard of it several times before.

Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance.

I often see you in the imperial palace of Qi, and I have heard your singing many times in Cui Jiu's home.

Now is the time when the scenery in Jiangnan is beautiful, and I met you again in this late spring.

This is probably the simplest translation.

Koike yang Wanli

The silence of spring is because I don't want a long stream of water, and the shadow reflected on the water is like sunny days and breezes.

The delicate lotus flower bud shows a sharp corner from the water, and a naughty little dragonfly stands on its head.

The background of ancient poetry writers

Yang Wanli (1 124- 1206), a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Jishui, Jizhou (now Jiangxi). He was one of the writers who wrote the most poems in ancient China. His poems are popular, fresh, smooth and natural, and are called "truth rate". The content of the poem is mainly landscape and natural scenery, so his good friend once humorously joked with him that "mountains and rivers are afraid of seeing everywhere"

Interpretation of annotation of ancient poetry

The outlet of the spring.

Cherish: cherish.

Creep: tiny running water.

Shiny water: reflected on the water.

Soft sunshine: a soft landscape on a sunny day.

Sharp angle: refers to the tip of a new, tightly wrapped tender lotus leaf.

Modern Translation of Ancient Poetry

The silence of spring is to cherish the long flowing water, and the shade reflects the water surface because it likes the gentleness of sunny days. Just as the little tender lotus leaves its tightly wrapped tip, the lovely dragonfly comes to stand on it early.

Appreciation of Famous Poems and Sentences in Ancient Poetry —— "Xiao He only shows sharp corners, and dragonflies have long stood on his head."

This poem expresses the author's love for life. Through the description of spring water, shade, lotus flower and dragonfly in a small pool, we can draw a simple, natural, vivid and full of infinite vitality: the spring water oozes silently, as if cherishing the crystal spring water; Green trees like to blend their shadows into the pool water in the soft sunshine atmosphere; The delicate lotus leaf has just exposed the sharp leaves out of the water, and the naughty dragonfly has already stood lightly on it. The whole poem focuses on the "small" place and vividly describes the lively new scene in the pond in early summer, which is used to describe the newcomers who are budding.

Appreciation of Wang Changling's Joining the Army

one

The bonfire is in the west of the city 100 feet, and you sit alone in the sea breeze and autumn at dusk.

Playing the Qiang flute "Guan Shanyue" (1), without the troubles of the golden boy Wan Li (2).

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Wang Changling is an expert in writing frontier poems. His frontier poems are numerous and precise, and he is especially good at expressing the life and inner world of the garrison in many aspects, creating a unique and deep style that combines hero with tragic, inspirational and sad.

This group of March consists of seven songs, each of which describes a scene. The song "A Hundred Feet Building in the West" is about a Tang Junbing's nostalgia for his distant wife during the battle.

In the first two sentences, the poet deliberately created a relaxed and quiet atmosphere: there is no war, the building sits alone, the sun sets, and the night breeze blows gently. But this is a temporary calm peculiar to the border, and there is a chill and tension lurking in the silence. Under such circumstances, it is natural for soldiers to be homesick. Then he went on to write, playing the flute, and playing "Guan Shanyue" with "sadness and parting". Through the flute, we observed the soldiers' feelings of missing their relatives in their hometown. The last sentence is written from the opposite side: it is not that the soldier misses his wife, but that he is sad because he misses his wife thousands of miles away, and both husband and wife are equally helpless about the long separation and hopeless waiting. This is a typical expression of the frontier soldiers' depression, and it has achieved touching and sympathetic artistic effects.

Precautions:

(1) Joining the army: an old topic in Yuefu, belonging, and plain lyrics. Most of them reflect the hard life of the army.

② Qiang flute: Qiang bamboo musical instrument. Guan Shanyue, the name of Yuefu, is a cross-blowing song. Most of them are sad parting words.

3 none: that is, helpless.

Secondly,

The new sound of pipa dance is always an old love in Guanshan.

I can't stop playing, and I go down to the Great Wall in the autumn moon.

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Writing about the homesickness of border guards can not only highlight the complexity and intensity of the protagonist's inner activities in a quiet atmosphere, as in the previous article, but also compare the sad and depressed mood of the characters with the warm and noisy scenes, as in this article.

You see, this is the scene of the army partying all night. At the beginning, the clear autumn moon shines on the earth, and at the end, the moon has fallen behind the majestic Great Wall. At the same time, the pipa kept playing exciting melodies, ending one song after another. People are dancing excitedly. They want to have fun.

But wait a minute, please identify this music carefully. It turns out that no matter how the tune changes, no matter how wild and enthusiastic the dance is, there is always a theme: feelings of parting and feelings of worrying about the world, that is, a keynote: generosity and sadness, joy mixed with desolation, "forever is the old love of the mountain", especially the word "forever", which suddenly penetrated the background and essence of the military carnival and brought the readers' hearts closer to those of these soldiers. This is exactly what this poem caught the readers' attention.

Fourth.

Qinghai Changyun Dark Snow Mountain ①, and the lonely city overlooks Yumenguan ②.

Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but the loulan is not returned.

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It is natural for soldiers to be homesick, because they are also flesh and blood. But the fundamental value of soldiers is that they are defenders of the security of the motherland. This is the case now, and it is also the case in ancient times.

There are many chapters in Wang Changling's frontier poems that show the lofty spirit of the soldiers who are determined to defend the motherland. The above one is more representative.

The first sentence is about the geographical location and environment of the frontier. A "dark" word gives people a feeling of heavy depression. The second sentence is about the sinister situation. They are in the frontier, looking back at the motherland, and all they see is an isolated city in Yumenguan. The third sentence says that the battle is fierce, the language is summarized and the image is vivid. In the last sentence, the soldiers vowed to eulogize their loyalty and courage. With the foreshadowing of the first three sentences, the oath of the soldiers is even heavier.

It should be pointed out that this is not a realistic work. Judging from the place names involved, they are no less than a thousand miles apart. Qinghai Lake is in the west of Xining City, Qinghai Province, and Yumenguan is in the west of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province. However, there was no Loulan State in the Western Regions in the Tang Dynasty, and Loulan State in the Han Dynasty was in the southeast of Shanshan County, Xinjiang. But the poet wrote them in a poem to show the bravery and patriotic enthusiasm of the soldiers guarding the border. This is not only allowed in poetry creation, but also universal. People are interested in the ideas and interests expressed in poetry. If you have to use a rubber column and drum for textual research, it will be too much trouble.

Precautions:

Qinghai: Qinghai Lake, in today's Qinghai Province.

Yumenguan: The name of the border pass was set in the Han Dynasty, in the west of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province.

Loulan: the name of the Western Regions in Han Dynasty, located in Laqiang County and Lop Nur, Xinjiang, generally refers to the minority regimes in the border areas between Tang and Xinjiang.

Seven Poems of Joining the Army (Part Five)

Wang Changling

The desert is foggy, and the red flag is half rolled out of Yuanmen.

The former army fought in Taohe River overnight, and it was reported that Tuguhun was captured alive.

People who have seen the Romance of the Three Kingdoms may be deeply impressed by the fifth book, Guan Yunchang's Warm Wine Chops Hua Xiong. This is a wonderful part of shaping Guan Yu's heroic image. But the book doesn't describe how Guan Yu, who was alone, confronted Hua Xiong, who led 50,000 troops. On the contrary, it used this passage:

(Guan Yu) paid the bill, raised his knife and flew on the horse. The vassals heard the drums outside the Commissioner deafening, shouting deafening, such as the sky were to fall, and all the people were surprised. He was about to listen when the Luan bell rang and the horse arrived in Zhong Jun. Yun Chang lifted Hua Xiong's head and threw it on the ground. The wine was still warm.

This document is very concise, and it shows the great power of Guan Yu from the atmosphere at that time and the reaction of governors. On its objective artistic effect, it is more fascinating than writing dozens of rounds of sword fights. Of course, this passage by Luo Guanzhong has his uniqueness, but if we avoid the positive narrative and let people imagine the scene of the war through the rendering of the atmosphere and the description of the side, it is not his initiative. This song "Joining the Army" by Rainbow Changling should be said to be an early and successful poetic form.

"The dust in the desert is dim", because the Altai Mountain, Tianshan Mountain and Kunlun Mountain in the northwest all run from west to east or southeast, forming a big horn in Hexi Corridor and eastern Qinghai. The wind is extremely strong, and when the wind is crazy, sand and stones fly. So "weak sun" followed by "desert dust" does not mean that it is getting late, but that the wind and sand cover the sky. But this not only shows the violent climate, but also appears as a background, which naturally plays a role in setting off and hinting at the military situation. In this case, what action will Tang Jun take? Not behind closed doors, passive defense, but active expedition. In order to reduce the strong resistance of the wind and speed up the March, the soldiers marched with half a roll of red flags. In Dust in the Desert, these two sentences have rendered a powerful force under the guidance of a red flag. It seems natural not to show off, but this army is like a sword, pointing directly at the enemy camp. This makes the reader's heartstrings tense and makes people feel that a fierce battle is coming. What kind of thrilling scene will this athlete running in the desert perform? In this suspense, read the last two sentences again: "The former army fought the Taohe River at night, but they were captured alive." This can be said to have fallen together. The reader's suspense was just followed by the army, and it was not their turn to show their talents on the battlefield. Just in the middle, the good news came that the vanguard troops won a great victory in the night battle and even the enemy chief was captured alive. The plot develops rapidly, which is a bit unexpected, but it is completely understandable, because the momentum of the army's expedition in the first two sentences has fully hinted at Tang Jun's morale and strength. This powerful reinforcements, not only set off the striker's victory is not accidental, but also can see that Tang Jun's strength is more than enough, and the victory is assured.

From the description, the poet chose the follow-up troops that did not directly fight with the enemy, but only brought out the brilliant "night battle of the former army" from the side. This is an unconventional idea. If we change the narrative of the midnight oil from the front, it will inevitably appear dull and cannot be completed with short quatrains. Now, by avoiding describing the war process in a positive way and comparing it from the side, the shortcomings of quatrains become advantages. It allows readers to imagine how hard and excellent the striker's battle is from "Dusty Desert" and "Taohe Night Battle". Appreciate how dramatic this expedition is from "It is reported that it was captured alive". A fierce battle is not written at the top of one's lungs, but with a light jumping pen, through side contrast and dyeing, let readers appreciate and daydream. All this, manifested in just four poems, is more difficult in conceiving and expelling language, which should be said to be even more difficult than the novel story of "warm wine to kill Hua Xiong".

The Original Text and Appreciation of Du Mu's Autumn Night

Original poem

In the autumn night, candlelight reflected the screen, and Fan slapped the fireflies with his hand.

Day and night are as cool as water. Sit and watch the morning glory and Vega.

To annotate ...

Screen painting: a screen painted with patterns.

Light Luo: Rose.

Firefly: A flying firefly.

Day order: open stone steps.

Vega: The names of two constellations.

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This poem describes the lonely life and desolate mood of a frustrated maid-in-waiting.

The first two sentences have painted a picture of life in the palace. On an autumn night, the white candle gives off a faint light, adding a dim and cold tone to the picture on the screen. At this time, a lonely maid-in-waiting was flapping the flying fireflies with a small fan. This sentence is very implicit and contains three meanings: first, the ancients said that rotten grass turned into fireflies. Although unscientific, fireflies were always born in those desolate places between grass graves. Nowadays, there are fireflies flying in the courtyard where maids live, and the bleak life of maids can be imagined.

Secondly, we can imagine the loneliness and boredom of the maid-in-waiting from her flapping fireflies. With nothing to do, she had to release fireflies to amuse her lonely years. She beat the firefly with a small fan, and suddenly seemed to want to drive away the loneliness and loneliness that surrounded her, but what's the use? Thirdly, the small fan in the hand of the maid-in-waiting is symbolic. Fans were originally used for cooling in summer, but they are useless in autumn. Therefore, autumn fans are often used as a metaphor for abandoning wives in ancient poems. According to legend, Ban Jieyu, the princess of Emperor Han, was once demoted by Zhao Yanfei. After falling out of favor, she lived in Changxin Palace and wrote a poem "Li Sao": "The new Soviet Union is as bright as frost and snow. Cut into acacia fans, round like the bright moon. In and out of your arms, shaking the breeze. I am often afraid that the autumn festival will come and the cold will seize the heat. Abandon donations, and be kind. " This statement may not be credible, but when there are round fans and autumn fans in poetry, they are often associated with women who have fallen out of favor. For example, Wang Changling's Poem of Long Letters in Autumn: "Give a broom to open the Golden Palace and make a round fan wander", and Wang Jian's "Teasing in the Palace": "A round fan, a round fan, a beauty's illness covers her face" are all the same. Du Mu's poem "Light a Small Fan" also symbolizes the fate of the maid-in-waiting who holds the fan being abandoned.

The third sentence, "the day is sequential and the night is as cool as water." "Day steps" refer to the stone steps in the palace. "The night is as cold as water" means that the night is deep and the chill is attacking people. It's time to go into the house and sleep. But the maid-in-waiting still sat on the stone steps, looking up at the Altair and Vega on both sides of the Tianhe River. According to folklore, the Weaver Girl is the granddaughter of the Emperor of Heaven. She marries the cow and petunia and meets him once a year when crossing the river on Qixi, with a magpie as the bridge. The "distant Altair" in Nineteen Ancient Poems of Han Dynasty is to write their stories. The maid-in-waiting watched Penny Weaver for a long time and didn't want to sleep at night, because the story of Penny Weaver touched her heart, reminded her of her unfortunate life experience and made her yearn for sincere love. It can be said that it is full of worries and expectations.

Mei Yu Sheng said: "It is bound to be difficult to write. If there are endless opinions at present, it would be best at that time." (See Poem on June 1st) These two sentences just illustrate the artistic features of this poem. One or three sentences describe the scenery and present the scenery of the deep palace autumn night to the readers very realistically. The word "cold", as an adjective used in verbs, is full of atmosphere. The metaphor of "cool as water" has not only color, but also temperature. Two or four sentences about ladies-in-waiting are implicit and intriguing. Although there is not a lyric in the poem, the complex feelings of the ladies-in-waiting intertwined with sorrow and expectation are beyond words, which reflects the tragic fate of women in feudal times from one side.

In addition, the small fan in the hands of ladies-in-waiting is symbolic. Fans were originally used to enjoy the cool in summer, but they are useless in autumn, so autumn fans are often used in ancient poems to compare abandoned wives. According to legend, Ban Jieyu, the princess of Emperor Han, was once demoted by Zhao Yanfei. After falling out of favor, she lived in Changxin Palace and wrote a poem "Li Sao": "The new Soviet Union is as bright as frost and snow. Cut into acacia fans, round like the bright moon. In and out of your arms, shaking the breeze. I am often afraid that the autumn festival will come and the cold will seize the heat. Abandon donations, and be kind. " This statement may not be credible, but when there are round fans and autumn fans in poetry, they are often associated with women who have fallen out of favor.

[Notes]

1. Miscellaneous interest: a poem written at will, with no fixed theme.

2. Farming: weeding.

3. Achievements of hemp: Twisting hemp into thread.

4. Responsible for each other: Everyone has a certain job.

5. Unsolved: I don't understand.

6. Provide: engage and participate.

"Four Seasons Pastoral Hybridization" is a group of large-scale family poems written by the poet after retiring from his hometown, with a total of 60 poems. It describes the rural scenery and farmers' life in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and also reflects the exploitation and hardships suffered by farmers. This is one of them, which describes a scene of rural summer life.

The first sentence "Going out to farm during the day, getting hemp at night" means: weeding in the field during the day and rubbing hemp thread at night. "Tillage" means weeding. In early summer, the seedlings need weeding. This is what men should do. "Ji Ma" refers to women who rub twine and weave cloth at night after finishing other work during the day. This sentence directly wrote the labor scene. The second sentence "the children in the village mind their own affairs" refers to men and women. The whole poem uses the tone of an old farmer, and "children" refers to young people. "Being in charge" means that both men and women are not allowed to be idle and mind their own business. In the third sentence, "children and grandchildren are not prepared for farming and weaving", and "children and grandchildren" refer to those children who can neither farm nor weave, but are not idle. They have been in contact with and love labor since childhood, so they "learn to grow melons under the shade of mulberry trees" and learn to grow melons under the lush mulberry trees. This is a common phenomenon in rural areas, but it is quite distinctive. The conclusion shows the naive interest of rural children.

With a fresh style, the poet described the tense labor atmosphere in the early summer in the countryside in a more delicate way, which made it interesting to read.

find

Qing Yuan Mei

The shepherd boy (1) rides a yellow cow.

Song Zhen ② Lin Yue ③.

Want to catch cicadas,

Shut up suddenly.

To annotate ...

1. Shepherd boy: refers to a child herding cattle.

⑵ Vibration: oscillation. Explain that the shepherd boy's song is loud and clear.

⑶ Lin Yue: refers to the shade beside the road.

(4) desire: want.

5] catch: catch.

[6] Ming: Call.

translate

The shepherd boy rode on the back of the cow, and the loud song echoed in the forest. Suddenly I wanted to catch the cicada singing in the tree, so I immediately stopped singing and stood silently under the tree.

Notes on the title or background of a book.

Yuan Mu (17 19 ~ 1798), born in Qiantang, Zhejiang (now Hangzhou), was a poet in Qing Dynasty. He is the author of Xiao Cang Shan Ju Ji and Poems with the Garden. What I See is a picture of life that the poet happened to see.

Recitation teaching

Cowboy/Riding/Cattle, Singing/Tik Tok/Lin Yue.

Want to/catch/sing cicadas, suddenly/shut up/stand up.

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In the vagina of the wild forest, a little shepherd boy slowly rides on the back of a cow. I don't know what to be happy about. He sang all the way, crisp and loud, and the whole tree was shocked by him.

Suddenly, the song stopped, and the little shepherd boy's back straightened, his mouth closed and his eyes were fixed on the high treetops. "cicada, cicada, cicada ..." In the tree, a cicada is also singing smugly. It is it that attracts the little shepherd boy. He really wants to catch cicada!

This scene was seen by the poet and written into the poem. The poet first wrote about the dynamics of the little shepherd boy, and Gao sitting bull's style of singing loudly on his back was so loose and presumptuous; After writing the little shepherd boy's static state, how intently he held his breath and looked at the cicada! This change from dynamic to static is both sudden and natural, vividly depicting the innocent and busy image of the little shepherd boy. As for the next step, how the little shepherd boy catches cicadas or not, the poet hasn't written it yet, leaving it to readers to imagine.

I'm exhausted. Give me more.