The development course of China standard rifle is introduced in detail.

What is a good gun in the development of standard rifles in China?

China rifles have been developed for more than 50 years, and various rifle sequences have been formed, mainly as follows: 1. 53 rifles. 2.56 assault rifle. Type 3.56 semi-automatic rifle. Type 4.63 automatic rifle. 5.8 1 automatic rifle. Type 6.86 automatic rifle. Type 7.87 automatic rifle. Type 8.95 automatic rifle. 9.03 automatic rifle.

1.53 Rifle: 1949 After the founding of New China, the PLA only had dozens of firearms and equipment, and standardization was very urgent. However, due to the mistakes in military policy at that time, this was not achieved. When the Korean War broke out, it was discovered that the weapons of the participating troops were varied, and each unit had nearly ten kinds of light rifles. So before and after the troops entered the DPRK, they signed an agreement with the Soviet Union to buy 36 light weapons (80 million rubles) for infantry divisions, including a large number of M 189 1/30 rifles.

In addition to importing Soviet light weapons, at this time, the domestic arsenal began to imitate Soviet firearms. At this time, the Soviet Union was withdrawing the Mosinnagan rifle, so it sold the production tools and technical data of Mosinnagan M 1944 carbine to China, fixed it as 1953 riding and shooting rifle in China, and began to equip its troops in 1954, at a price about half that of imported Soviet firearms. The production of Type 53 stopped in 1960, and the troops began to replace it with newer weapons, but many Type 53 were supported to Vietnam in the 1960s. Type 53 gun M 1944 is different, the quasi-constellation of type 53 is wider than M 1944, and the bayonet seat is also different from M 1944.

2.56 assault rifle: China 56 assault rifle, officially named as 1956 submachine gun, changed its name to assault rifle in recent years. It is a 7.62mm assault rifle that imitates Soviet AK47, and the production is finalized in 1956. The leader of the research group is Zhao Ruizhi's engineer. At that time, due to China's traditional weapon thought, this fully automatic weapon that fired medium-power bullets was called submachine gun. Type 56 7.62 mm automatic rifle is a product that imitates the AK-47 7.62 mm automatic rifle of the former Soviet Union. 1956 for production and finalization, and 56- 1 modification 1963, 56-2 modification 1980, 1965438+ modification. It is the largest automatic rifle produced and equipped in China, and it is still being equipped with troops.

The performance of Type 56 assault rifle and AK-47 assault rifle is basically the same, but the appearance is slightly different. For example, the sight of AK-47 is semi-enclosed wing, and the sight of Type 56 assault rifle is fully enclosed ring wing with a hole at the top. The most special feature of Type 56 assault rifle is the use of folding triangular bayonet, which fully develops the spirit of "bayonet sees red" in our army. These are the biggest differences in appearance. The stock of Type 56 assault rifle is a wooden fixed stock. 1963 introduced the 56- 1 type folding stock submachine gun imitating AKS, and the stock was folded down. Type 56 was not only equipped with our army, but also exported to other countries in large quantities. During the Vietnam War, the North Vietnamese army used Type 56 extensively. In addition, in many other third world countries, Type 56 is popular because of its excellent cost performance. From the1980s, Type 56 was gradually replaced by Type 8 1 and gradually withdrew from the first-line troops.

3.56 Semi-automatic rifle: China 1956 semi-automatic rifle, or 56 semi-automatic rifle for short, is an imitation of Soviet SKS semi-automatic carbine. Semi-automatic rifle, the first standard of China People's Liberation Army, is called 56-gun family together with 56-class machine guns and 56-automatic rifles. 1985, the type 56 semi-automatic rifle was officially dismantled and replaced with the type 8 1 rifle or the type 56 assault rifle. However, the Type 56 semi-automatic rifle is still equipped with militia forces. At present, only a small number of Type 56 rifles are kept by the China Army as ceremonial guns for the honor guard.

Type 63 automatic rifle: Type 63 automatic rifle is the first automatic rifle developed by China (mistakenly called Type 68 abroad). The overall structure of Type 63 automatic rifle is based on Type 56 semi-automatic rifle. Its ballistic performance, non-detachable bayonet, long wooden support and aiming device are similar to those of Type 56 semi-automatic rifle. In order to realize single and continuous firing, improve the accuracy of point firing (compared with Type 56 assault rifle), and ensure the action reliability and firing life under various environmental and climatic conditions, its main structure has been redeveloped. Type 63 automatic rifle is the first rifle developed by our country. On the basis of careful analysis of the characteristics and structure of Type 56 weapon, the developers formulated the technical measures and structural scheme of automatic rifle. While establishing research institutions (research institutes), planning research, trial production, testing and detection means (laboratories, shooting ranges, etc.). ) Because of the low starting point and poor foundation, the task is quite heavy. Even under such difficult conditions, it took the research team 63 years to finalize the design. The country named it Type 63 7.62 mm automatic rifle. It has the accuracy of Type 56 semi-automatic rifle and the fire continuity of Type 56 assault rifle. Type 63 automatic rifle was developed from 1959, and its design was finalized in 1963. 1969 mass production and equipment troops, 1978 production stopped and dismantled. In the past 20 years, * * * has produced millions of rifles. Originally, the upgrading of weapons is a natural thing, and it is a technological progress. The fate of being demolished because of necessity. Production began, equipped with Type 63, replacing Type 56 semi-automatic rifle. However, the final result was to stop production, withdraw Type 63 and replace it with Type 56 semi-automatic rifle. Turn around and go back to the original place. Type 63 is a typical "congenital deficiency, acquired disorder". During the period of 1958, military scientific research and demonstration just started, and perfect rules and regulations were not established. In addition, the situation at that time was "hurry up and make great efforts." Naturally, the tactical and technical demonstration of Type 63 automatic rifle has not been fully developed, and the development and finalization of Type 63 automatic rifle does not meet the tactical requirements.

5.8 1 automatic rifle: 8 1 gun family is the development task given by 1979, 198 1 design finalized, 1983 officially put into mass production. Its development goal is to replace Type 56 semi-automatic rifle, Type 56 assault rifle and Type 56 light machine gun with class gun family, but still use Type 56 7.62mm bullets. As 1978 officially decided that our country will adopt small-caliber automatic rifles with 5.8mm caliber in the future, the purpose of developing 8 1 gun family is to provide a transitional weapon before equipping small-caliber rifles. However, it has been proved by actual combat that the 8 1 gun family is a weapon with excellent performance, good precision, reliable action and simple operation and maintenance, and it has performed well in the front battle of Laoshan. The 8 1 rifle is effective in simplifying the structure, for example, the automaton, transmitter and cartridge case are simpler than the 56-type assault rifle. Take the case as an example, it is also a punching riveting case. The rigidity, strength and manufacturing process of 8 1 shell are much better. The shell is stamped from a steel plate with a thickness of 1.5mm 50, with a box-shaped cross section and a simple shape. The big ribs protruding from both sides increase the rigidity, the front part is riveted with the connecting sleeve, the middle part is supported by the middle lining iron, and the rear part is fixed by the tailstock. The rigidity and strength of the shell are ensured, and there is no deformation in use and production. The guide rail of the case only uses one layer creatively, which is formed when stamping the case, and the common lower guide rail on the gun case is cancelled, which is convenient for production. Sometimes it is called 8 1 AK abroad, which even affects foreign trade exports. This problem has its historical background, because 8 1 gun family has been defined at the time of argument, and it is a kind of "transitional weapon". It does not need more new technology, new equipment and new process investment, but only requires rapid trial production and production, and should have good technical economy and inheritance to the original products. After nearly 10 years of production assessment, it can meet the requirements of mass production and ensure stable quality under the condition of backward technical equipment at that time. Although the design failed to adopt more new materials, new processes and new technologies. However, its technological economy is also an advantage in line with China's national conditions.

Type 6.86 automatic rifle: Type 86 is a semi-automatic rifle developed on the basis of domestic 7.62mm assault rifle in order to meet the demand of foreign civilian gun market. Its appearance is completely different from the domestic Type 56 assault rifle, so some people think it is a newly developed rifle in China. In fact, the "viscera" part of the 86s is basically the same as that of the 56-type assault rifle, and its performance indicators are similar, except that it cannot be fired repeatedly. Type 86 fired 7.62X39 bullets, single shot, muzzle velocity of 7 10m/s, effective range of 400m, magazine capacity of 20 or 30 rounds, and empty gun weight of 3.6g.. The box parts of 86s are mainly composed of barrel seat, box, tailstock, safety parts and hand guard. Rotary rigid locking mechanism is mainly composed of bolt, barrel and barrel seat (sleeve). The head of the bolt has left and right symmetrical locking lugs. The lug has a locking helicoid with a pitch of 3 mm, and the magazine is mainly composed of magazine body, magazine support plate, magazine support spring, magazine support cover, Sawaguchi plate and front and rear gusset plates. The firing and launching mechanism is mainly composed of hammer, hammer spring, firing pin, trigger, iron block, firing mechanism shaft and safety parts. There are two types of insurance institutions: Ping An insurance and in-place insurance. The firing mechanism adopts a rotary hammer. Of course, the 86s also has some disadvantages, such as large transverse size, difficult to hold and large projectile caliber. However, the compact structure and convenient storage and transportation of the 86s rifle are very attractive to gun collectors and hunting enthusiasts.

Type 7.87 automatic rifle: Type 87 5.8mm automatic rifle is the first generation of small caliber rifle developed by our country. Together with Type 87 5.8 mm machine gun and Type 87 5.8 mm ordinary ammunition, it is collectively called Type 87 5.8 mm gun weapon system. It was designed and finalized in 1987, so it is called type 87. When developing 5.8mm small-caliber rifle shells by ourselves, China decided to test the small-caliber rifle shells on the mature 8 1 7.62mm gun family for safety reasons. The structure of Type 87 automatic rifle and 8 1 automatic rifle has a certain relationship of inheritance and development in appearance. The internal structure is basically the same, and the caliber is changed to 5.8 mm. Although Type 87 automatic rifle is not mass-produced as a transitional product, as the first small-caliber automatic rifle developed in China, new materials are adopted in the design of automatic rifle, and the development of 5.8 mm bullets is completed, which solves some technical problems of firing small-caliber bullets, and it is Type 95 gun. Shortly after the 87 rifle was finalized, the factory was informed in September 1987 that the superior decided to immediately change the shape of the 87 rifle and participate in the "National Day Military Parade". The specific requirements are: under the condition of keeping the performance and internal structure of the 87 rifle unchanged, the shape is greatly changed compared with that of the 8 1 rifle. It takes at least two years to rearrange the manufacturing tools, fixtures, molds, measuring tools and production lines when a modified rifle is put into production again. However, in order to meet the needs of the National Day military parade, in the spring of 1989, with the active efforts of the factory, a modified 5.8mm rifle was delivered to the troops on time according to the national shooting range test and assessment, and according to the weapons finalization management procedures. 1987A rifles were equipped with troops experimentally, but the number was small, and finally they were replaced by 95 automatic rifles. One of the main reasons for replacement is the lack of stability.

Type 8.95 automatic rifle: Type 95 automatic rifle (QBZ-95, QBZ is the category code derived from the pinyin "gun-step-automatic") is an assault rifle developed by 208 Research Institute of China Ordnance Equipment Corporation. The chief designer is Duo Yingxian, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, who belongs to Type 95 gun family and is one of the standard automatic rifles of China People's Liberation Army at present. It is also the second small-caliber rifle developed by China. Type 95 with a caliber of 5.8 mm is the latest weapon used by the infantry units of the People's Liberation Army, which was born to improve the shortcomings of the old Type 87. Type 95 is designed as the next generation attack weapon of PLA. This rifle is made of polymer material, light in weight and durable, and ensures accuracy and high firing rate through pneumatic and air-cooled mechanism. Type 95 can meet all kinds of needs of the PLA, from basic assault rifles to melee submachine guns, and even small group machine guns. This weapon is currently used by the PLA's special forces, airborne troops and marine corps. Type 95 made its first public appearance in the PLA Garrison 1997.

Type 9.03 automatic rifle: Type 3 automatic rifle is a small caliber rifle developed by China. Type 03 automatic rifle was first published in 1 1 issue of Weapons Knowledge in 2004. However, judging from the shape of the gun and the fact that it is a member of the 95 series, it is actually the previously published QBZ95A, and of course it has been improved. Type 03 5.8mm folding automatic rifle, as a newly developed individual combat weapon in China, has the advantages of reliable mechanism action, strong adaptability, high shooting accuracy and great power, and the volume and weight of the whole gun are also well controlled. I believe that with the gradual equipment of the Type 03 rifle, it will be recognized by the soldiers.