Calculation of Neptune's orbit in astronomy

Neptune, the eighth planet from the sun, was discovered by Li Wei on1September 23, 846 by perturbing the orbit of Uranus. The calculator is Adams, a college student from Cambridge University in England, and the first one to be calculated. After Uranus was discovered, people noticed that its orbit was inconsistent with that inferred from Newton's theory. So scientists predict the existence of another distant planet, which will affect the orbit of Uranus. Galle and Delaur first observed Neptune on123 September, 846, and its position was very close to that predicted independently by Adams and Levell based on the observed positions of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus. 178 1 year, British amateur astronomer Herschel used his astronomical reflecting telescope to observe the sky. He found a dim star near Gemini. This is a new planet, the seventh planet in the solar system, named Uranus.

People have calculated the trajectory of Uranus and used the calculation results to predict the position of Uranus. However, there is always a considerable gap between the predicted position and the observed position according to the calculation results. It seems disobedient. Liberalism is very serious and a bit "deviant".

For this strange phenomenon, scientists think there are two possibilities: one is that Newton's law of gravity is wrong because its orbit is calculated by the law of gravity; Another possibility is that there is an undiscovered planet outside Uranus, which interferes with Uranus' operation and makes it out of orbit.

184 1 year, Adams, a 22-year-old mathematics student at Cambridge University, assumed that there was an unknown planet in the sky according to gravity and Uranus' trajectory. After a year of hard work, he finally worked out the orbit and other properties of this new planet. 1843 In June, he sent the orbit of this new planet to the director of Greenwich Observatory in Britain. However, the director of the Observatory ignored Adams' letter. He doesn't believe that this young college student will discover a new planet.

Another young French astronomer, Levi, is also studying this problem, and he also speculates that it is because of the existence of an unknown planet. He calculated the orbit, position and size of the planet, and then asked the German astronomer J.G. Galle to look for the unknown planet. 1 On September 23rd, 846, under the guidance of Levi's prediction, Gail discovered a new planet in only one hour, which was less than1degree away from Levi's prediction. This is the celestial body that was later named Neptune. Levi was 35 when Neptune was discovered.

Mercury is also a planet in the solar system, and it has a similar phenomenon that it does not follow the orbit at perihelion. 1855, Levi predicted that there was a planetary belt in the orbit of Mercury based on the experience of discovering Neptune, which affected the movement of Mercury. This time, Levi did not correctly confirm the movement of Mercury. Later, Einstein discovered the theory of relativity. He gave a very reasonable explanation of the operation of Mercury with the theory of relativity.