Kong Rong: The descendant of prodigy Confucius, who was virtuous and mentally healthy, was finally killed by Cao Cao.

Kong Rong, a native of Shandong, is the grandson of the 20th Confucius. Kumba, the seventh ancestor, was a teacher of Emperor Han Yuan and an official in middle school. His father Kong Zhou is a captain in Taishan County. When I talked about Confucius before, I mentioned that Kong Ji, the grandson of Confucius, wrote The Doctrine of the Mean, which is one of the four books. Descendants of Confucius: Zi Shen was the prime minister of Wei; Confucius worked as a doctor in Chen Sheng (the uprising leader of Daze Township at the end of Qin Dynasty). Confucius' younger brother, Xiangzi, was a doctor of Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty and later moved to Changsha County. Kong Anguo was the doctor of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and he was the prefect of Linhuai. See article: Confucius: Too excellent, too powerful, too talented, experienced hardships, and finally became a great saint. Therefore, after Confucius, there were many talented people and great scholars. Confucius' influence on personality, moral quality and intelligence not only affects his disciples, descendants and the whole world, but also affects his descendants. He deserves to be a teacher of all ages, a saint and a great saint.

Kong Rong's childhood was different and he was a child prodigy. At the age of ten, he followed his father to Beijing. At that time, Mars in Yinan, Henan Province, was rather lofty, and did not receive ordinary scholars and guests casually, and told the gatekeeper that he was not allowed to leave unless he was a contemporary celebrity or a family friend. Kong Rong wanted to see Mars very much, so he went to his mansion and said to the doorman, "I am a family friend of Li Jun." So, the doorman went in to announce, and Mars invited him in. When Kong was integrated into the government, Li Ying asked, "What is the benefit of my ancestors to me? Why do you say that we are family friends? " Kong Rong replied, "My ancestor Confucius and your ancestor Li Laojun became friends between teachers and students because of the same virtue, benevolence and righteousness. Then, we will be friends for generations to come. " All the guests present marveled at Kong Rong's answer! Soon, Alice Chan, a doctor from Taichung, came and people told him about it. But he said, "It's hours, but it's not necessarily good." Kong Rong immediately replied: "Listen to you, you were definitely not smart enough when you were a child!" Mars laughed and praised Kong Rong: "You will do great things in the future!" This incident shows that Kong Rong is smart, witty, brave and eloquent.

When Kong Rong was thirteen, his father died. Because of excessive sadness, his health was damaged and he had to rely on others to stand up. To this end, people in all counties and villages admire his filial piety. He is studious by nature, can read widely and master the essence of classic books.

We have heard the story of Kong Rong Jean Pear before, from which we can see his courtesy. Yes, Kong Rong is a descendant of Confucius. His family background and family education are very good. His family are all nobles. At that time, a man named James Zhang (Yang Shanren) offended Hou Lan, a constant servant in China. Hou Lan framed and prepared to arrest James Zhang. Because James Zhang had friendship with Kong Rong's younger brother Kong Bao, he took advantage of Kong Bao's absence and Kong Rong's home to escape to Kong's home. James Zhang saw that Kong Rong was young (Kong Rong was sixteen at that time) and didn't tell him the truth. Kong Rong saw that James Zhang looked anxious and said, "Although my brother is not at home, can't I make the decision?" So, temporarily live in Kong's home.

Later, the incident leaked and many local officials were arrested; As James Zhang escaped, Kong Bao and Kong Rong were arrested and imprisoned. Local county officials don't know who committed the crime. Kong Rong said, "I kept him in my house, and I committed a crime." Kong Bao said, "That man came to me for help. This is not my brother's fault, but my sin. " Seeing this, the official couldn't judge, so he had to ask the mother of the Kong brothers. Confucius said, "The elder is the master of the family, so I am a criminal." In this way, the Confucius family is fighting for the death penalty. The county magistrate was puzzled and unable to judge, so he had to report the case to the court for ruling. Finally, the emperor issued a letter to convict Kong Bao. From then on, Kong Rong's reputation spread far and wide, and the county sent an appointment document, but Kong Rong did not accept it.

It can be seen that the Confucianism founded by Confucius is so useful and profound: the so-called self-cultivation, the rule of the country and the world, the Kong Rong family has a high moral cultivation, and when it is favorable, they all give in to each other; When there are mistakes, they are all in their own way. In this way, how can a family not live in harmony? What if the relationship between brothers and sisters is not good? But now, many family relationships are not very good. One of the important reasons and manifestations is that they don't know how to respect and be humble. They fight for it when it's good, and pass the buck or even blame each other when it's bad. How can we do a good job in family relations? Therefore, people should learn more from the Kong Rong family now, which is emphasized and advocated by Confucius. For example, in The Analects of Confucius, Confucius said: "Disciples are filial when they enter, and filial when they leave. They are sincere and trustworthy, and they are full of love and care. I have spare capacity to study literature. " Moral character is the premise and foundation of learning skills. The Book of Rites says, "What is benevolence and righteousness? Father's kindness, son's filial piety, brother's kindness, brother's kindness, husband's righteousness, woman's listening, long-term benefit, gentleness, gentleman's benevolence and minister's loyalty. "

Later, Situ Yangci asked Kong Rong to work in his house. Kong Rong berated many eunuchs' relatives. For fear of eunuchs, Shangshu asked Kong Rong to come over for questioning, and Kong Rong stated the sins of corrupt officials one by one, tacitly saying that there was no flattery. He Yin Nan blades was promoted to general, and Yang Ci sent Kong Rong to congratulate him with a famous card. However, Kong Rong went into the blades mansion, and without waiting for the news, he withdrew his name card, left an impeachment warrant and came back. He Fu's aides thought it was a great shame and wanted to send an assassin to assassinate Kong Rong. But some people advised He Jin: Kong Rong is very famous. If he is killed, other heroes will go away; It is better to be polite and show the general's broad mind. Therefore, blades respectfully please Kong Rong back. Later, Kong Rong was promoted to suggestion and history; Because of the disharmony with Zhong, he resigned and went home.

Later, Kong Rong served as minister of Sikongshu, commander of the Northern Army and samurai corps commander. Dong Zhuo was autocratic, abolished the emperor and established Xian Di. Therefore, whenever there is an opportunity, Kong Rong will express his opinions on rectifying state affairs. His integrity offended Dong Zhuo, and he was transferred to be a negotiator. At that time, Beihai County was a fortress invaded by the Yellow Scarf Army. So, in order to get back at Kong Rong, Dong Zhuo proposed that Kong Rong be the county magistrate of Beihai.

Kong Rong to beihai county, on the one hand, the benevolent government, on the other hand, guard against the yellow turban insurrectionary army. Kong Rong lost the battle with the Yellow Scarf Army, so he had to send Taishi Ci to Liu Bei (Plain) for help. Liu Bei was greatly surprised: "Kong Beihai actually knows that there is Liu Bei in the world?" So he sent three thousand soldiers and horses to rescue him, and the yellow turban insurrectionary army was scattered.

At this time, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao were powerful, and Kong Rong remained neutral and not attached to any party. At that time, a man named Zuo advised Kong Rong to be friends with one side. Kong Rong knew that people like Yuan Shao and Cao Cao would eventually plot to overthrow the Han regime. He didn't want to go along with them, so he killed Zuo in a rage.

Kong Rong was self-reliant, upright and determined to pacify the national disaster, but he was ambitious, but he didn't succeed in the end. Later, Liu Bei recommended him as Qingzhou secretariat. In the first year of Jian 'an, Qingzhou was besieged by Yuan Tan. The two sides fought fiercely until spring and summer, leaving only a few hundred people in Kong Rong. At that time, arrows rained down on both sides, and weapons were connected like dense stitches. But Kong Rong read as usual, laughing. At night, the city fell, Kong Rong fled to Dongshan, but his wife and children were captured by Yuan Tan.

After Emperor Xian of Han moved the capital to Xuchang, the court appointed Kong Rong as the master, and later served as Shaofu. Whenever the court deliberated, Kong Rong quoted the classics to express his opinions, and other ministers seconded them by name. On one occasion, Ma Ridi (a teacher) was ordered to go to Shantung. After he arrived in Huainan, he repeatedly said that he would take refuge in Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu despised and insulted him and took his Jeff; Ma Ridi wanted to leave, but Yuan Shu was not allowed. He wants Ma Ridi to be his general. Ma Ridi felt remorse and finally vomited blood and died. After Ma Ridi's coffin was returned to the imperial court, the imperial court wanted to hold a grand funeral for him. In this regard, only Kong Rong wrote alone that Ma Ridi, as an envoy of the imperial court, should be indomitable, but he should take refuge in the treacherous court official Yuan Shu, so he just didn't pursue him and shouldn't hold a funeral for him. The court adopted his opinion. Later, many people proposed to resume the torture of mutilating limbs, but Kong Rong wrote that it was impossible and quoted the classics. The court adopted his opinion again and did not resume corporal punishment. Jingzhou shepherd Liu Biao does not pay taxes to the court, and there are many illegal acts. Later, he even imitated the etiquette of the emperor. Xian Di issued a letter to publicly condemn this matter, and Kong Rong wrote that it should be concealed and strengthened. Liu Feng and Liu Zuo, the sons of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, died one after another. They want to hold four seasons sacrifices for them and ask Kong Rong for advice. Kong Rong thinks not, which is not in line with etiquette and precedent.

Finally, Kong Rong was promoted to Doctor Taizhong. He is very tolerant, seldom hates others, likes to make friends with scholars, and is also willing to help and enlighten the younger generation. After he retired to the idle position (retired to the second line), his family was full of guests every day. Very friendly with Cai Yong (the story of Cai Yong, a talented person in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was introduced before, see: Cai Yong, a talented person in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was promoted and reused by Dong Zhuo, and was re-elected for three days, but was executed by Wang Yun). Whenever he hears the advantages of others, he treats them as his own (without jealousy); He often points out the shortcomings of others face to face, but often says the benefits of this person behind his back (not in front of others, but behind their backs); He thinks that if you know someone is talented and don't recommend him, it's your fault to cherish and value talents. So many heroes and talents believed in him at that time.

Cao Cao attacked and slaughtered Yecheng, and many women and children of Yuan Shao's family were bullied. Cao Cao's son privately married Yuan's wife Zhen Shi; Cao Caodong's expedition to Wu Huan; Bankers don't accept it, and the war is still going on. Cao Cao's above-mentioned demand is prohibition of alcohol ... In this regard, Kong Rong wrote to Cao Cao, sarcastically insulting. Cao Cao was afraid that Kong Rong's remarks would spread against him, and he was very afraid. But because of Kong Rong's fame, Cao Cao had to put up with it.

So Cao Cao bears a grudge against Kong Rong. Later, in order to cater to Cao Cao's wishes, some people called for the removal of Kong Rong's official position and fabricated charges for him. So Cao Cao ordered people to falsely accuse Kong Rong. The imperial court approved these memorials, and Kong Rong was arrested and imprisoned, then executed in the street at the age of 56, and his wife and children were also killed. At that time, Kong Rong's daughter was seven and her son was nine. Because of her young age, she was fostered in other people's homes and was preserved. When Kong Rong was taken away, the two children were playing chess and didn't get up. The neighbor asked, "My father was taken away. As a child, why not stand up? " They replied, "Ann has a destroyed nest, but the eggs are not broken!" " "Under the cover of the bird's nest, Ann have eggs? The master gave them broth, and the boy drank it because he was thirsty. The girl said, "How long can you live with such a disaster today? What's the mood of drinking broth?" So the boy burst into tears and stopped drinking soup. Someone told this to Cao Cao, who killed them both. When the government came to arrest them, my sister said to her brother, "If you can know things after death, you can see your parents. Isn't this our greatest wish? "As a result, both children were beheaded with their necks stretched out, and their faces did not change. All the people present felt sorry for them.

Later, Wei Wendi liked Kong Rong's literary talent very much and often lamented: "Kong Rong's talent is comparable to that of Yang Xiong and Ban Gu." Kong Rong wrote 25 poems, articles and other works in his life.

Historians commented on Kong Rong and praised him, saying, "A man who is ambitious and outspoken like Kong Wenju is enough to move with righteousness and restrain with ambition. Because of this, Cao Cao's attempt to usurp the Han regime could not be realized before his death, but was completed by his descendants. ..... Strong and practical, Kong Rong's character can be compared with white jade and frost! "

reference data

Biography of Kong Rong in the later Han Dynasty.