What is a tokamak? The origin of the scorpion story

Let's take a look at Toka in the 88 constellation. Story about Scorpion: Come on, Scorpion (Lacerta) is one of the constellations in the Northern Galaxy, which means tokage, Gecko and Lizard. Scorpio's long string of dim stars meanders on the presumed northwest triangle line from Wang Xian to the fairy flying horse, which is not easy to identify. On the night of August 28th every year, the center of the scorpion crosses the sky. In the vast area north of 33 degrees south latitude, you can see the complete scorpion constellation; You can't see the constellation in the area south of 55 degrees south latitude. On the ancient star map of our country, the scorpion was a part of the star official of Che Fu. The origin of the story about scorpions 1687 When Jahannes Hewelius, a Polish astronomer, described scorpions, the original constellation was not a lizard, but an animal like a water wrasse or a mink, because lizards were rarely seen in his hometown of Gdansk, Poland. The first bright star in Scorpio is Tokamak α, with an apparent magnitude of 3.77 and a distance of 8 1 light-year. The second bright star of Scorpio is Scorpio 1, and its apparent magnitude is 4. 13. It is a Supergiant star with a diameter of 19 times that of the sun, a luminosity of 50 times that of the sun and a distance of 175 light years. Some scholars believe that the distance is 1 100 light years, and the luminosity reaches 2000 solar luminosity. Scorpio beta is the third brightest star in the constellation, with an apparent magnitude of 4.43. It is a yellow giant 230 light years away. There is an open cluster numbered C 16(NGC7243) at 3 degrees west-southwest of the alpha star in Scorpio, with about 40 member stars. There is a planetary nebula at the northwest 1.5 degree of Scorpius alpha star, the number is IC52 17, the brightness is 12.6, and the distance is 10400 light years. 1929, astronomers found that Buthus BL is a dim and irregular celestial body with only a continuous spectrum, and the spectral lines are almost completely unobservable. At that time, it was considered as a special variable star. 1968 certifies that Buthus BL was originally the optical counterpart of the radio source VRO42.22.0 1. Later, astronomers learned that there was a small group of celestial bodies with characteristics similar to Buthus BL, so they named them Buthus BL celestial bodies. By 1979, 59 such celestial bodies have been discovered. Libra's AP and OJ287 are both famous BL-shaped celestial bodies in Scorpio. The important features of such celestial bodies are: (1) Radio, infrared and optical radiation change rapidly, and the time scale is about several days to several months; (2) the infrared brightness is particularly high; (3) The continuous spectrum is high, and the absorption line and emission line are either absent or weak; ⑷ The degree of polarization is large, up to 35_, and the polarization changes rapidly, and the time scale is about one day. 5] The radiation in all bands is non-thermal, and the radiation flux density changes exponentially with frequency. Some physical characteristics of BL-type celestial bodies in Scorpio are very similar to those of stars, Seyfert galaxies and N-type special galaxies. At present, Buthus BL is considered as a distant elliptical galaxy core, with brightness ranging from 12 to 16. Astronomers believe that there may be supermassive black holes in the centers of these powerful galaxies.