Rafael's life?

Raphael * * Raphael,1April 6, 483-1April 6, 520 * * *, an outstanding Italian painter, is known as the three outstanding artists of the Renaissance together with Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. The following is what I collected for you. Welcome to reading.

Raphael was born in the central Italian town of urbino. His father is a court painter, so he studied painting with his father since childhood. My mother died at the age of 7, and my father died at the age of 1 1. He works as an assistant to a painter. Later, he studied the works of Florence artists in the15th century and actively absorbed the advantages and strengths of various painters. Formed his own harmonious, clear, beautiful and elegant artistic style, and began to embark on the road of originality. Raphael's mother died in 149 1 year, when Raphael was only eight years old, and his father remarried on 1 August, 494/day. At the age of eleven, he became an orphan and Raphael's official guardian became his only uncle. When I was young, I studied painting with my father. Later, he studied painting with perugino Studio and started his career at 1500.

1504, Raphael, 2 1 year old, painted the wedding of the Virgin Mary. This work even surpasses perugino, and it is innovative in composition and image-building. Especially the modesty, elegance, picture balance and background description of the Virgin Mary and her husband Yue Se are rare works.

During 1504, Raphael lived in Florence. He was influenced by local politics, democratic spirit and humanism. At the same time, he also studied Leonardo da Vinci's composition and Michelangelo's body expression and style, which made his style mature and soon became the same ancestor of both.

His portraits of the Virgin Mary all reflect the humanistic thought of maternal tenderness and youthful bodybuilding. The most famous ones are Notre Dame de Anxi, Notre Dame de Grasses and Notre Dame de Frinault.

1513-1514. His large-scale oil painting "The Sistine Madonna" is composed of a triangle composed of the virgin and saints, which is solemn and balanced. The Virgin and Jesus show the greatness of maternal love. Besides, Madonna on the Chair and Madonna of Alba are his flawless works.

1509, at the invitation of Pope Julius II, painted the Vatican frescoes, among which the frescoes in the signing hall were the most outstanding. These murals represent four kinds of human spiritual activities: theology, philosophy, poetics and law. Their works are fully harmonious with architectural decoration, solemn, obvious and colorful. His important works during this period also include Eliodoro Exiled from the Temple, Bolshena Mass, Fire of Porgo, Victory of Galatia, etc. At the age of 23, he painted a self-portrait and the Sistine Madonna. Representative works include The Image in Castiglio, which depicts a scholar, and The Girl in the Scarf, which depicts a girl.

/kloc-in the spring of 0/520, when he was seriously ill, he was still painting the Transfiguration of Christ, but he failed to finish it because of his death.

Raphael works

Santa Maria's wedding

The Wedding of Santa Maria is Raphael's famous work. He was less than 265,438+0 years old when he created this large-scale sacrificial painting. The composition style, environment and character configuration of this painting are all imitations of the teacher perugino's The Wedding of the Saints. In addition to the dignified and elegant style of the teacher, the character modeling has also begun to show its unique female style. The picture adopts a symmetrical layout, and the background is a polygonal Baptist church full of paradise. A large number of horizontal lines, vertical lines and semi-circular curves are used to produce a soft, concise and lively aesthetic feeling with harmonious overall changes. The painter skillfully uses perspective to make the space appear far-reaching.

The foreground of the picture is still full of symmetrical figures, and the visual center is presided over by the bishop who represents the will of God. Yue Se put the engagement ring on Maria's hand, surrounded by two groups of young men and women. A group of women behind Maria are her girlfriends, while the young men behind Yue Se are suitors. They held sticks symbolizing marriage proposal. Whoever holds the flowering stick is Maria's fiance. It was Yue Se's stick that produced a small flower. This kind of providence makes other pursuers miserable, and some even get angry. The young man in the foreground broke the stick in his hand in despair. This is a dramatic scene. Both men and women in the painting are beautiful, and the author uses a lot of changeable curves. The figure's posture and the change of clothes folds all give people an elegant femininity. The painter himself was very satisfied with the painting and signed his name on it for the first time.

St George and the Dragon

1504, King henry vii of England awarded the Duke of urbino, Raphael's hometown.

"Guardian Medal", in order to thank the king of England, the duke entrusted Raphael, aged 265,438+0, to draw a small painting praising St. George, the patron saint of England, and asked him to paint St. George as a guardian knight who killed the dragon in the painting. Raphael has painted several paintings on this subject, and this one is the most outstanding, which shows Raphael's own artistic personality. The painter arranged the image diagonally, and the prancing horse was on the rise. St. George raised his knife to cut it, and the action was very heroic. Painters pay more attention to the modeling form of painting, but lack the power to describe the inner spirit of the characters and the brave temperament of desperate struggle, which can not reach the spiritual expression of the characters and horses in Da Vinci's The Battle of Angalli.

Athens school

In the magnificent hall of Lizhuang, there are stars of human wisdom. They are outstanding scholars and thinkers of different times, nationalities, regions and schools. They live together in a room, have a free and enthusiastic academic discussion, which is full of the atmosphere of a hundred schools of thought contending, and embodies the essence of human genius and wisdom. Picture structure

The characters in the picture are the ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle. More than 50 scholars and celebrities have been drawn around these two great philosophers, each with his own identity and personality characteristics. They represent seven kinds of liberal arts in ancient civilization: grammar, rhetoric, logic, mathematics, geometry, music, astronomy and so on. Painters praise the pursuit of wisdom and truth, the praise of past civilization and the yearning for future development. We appreciate this masterpiece, just like entering the profound ideological world of human civilization, which was opened by the debate between Plato and Aristotle. The two men came from distant history and argued fiercely while walking.

The attitude of opposition from top to bottom clearly expresses their differences in principle in thought. The figures on both sides are combined into stars holding the moon on both sides, and their expressions are moving closer to those two argumentative scholars. Some of them pay attention to listening, and some use gestures to express their views, which strengthens the center of the picture. The central figure in the left group of the picture is Socrates, dressed in robes and facing right, gesturing to explain his philosophical views; The young man in a white cloak who turned to look at the world coldly was Francisco, the archduke of urbino, the painter's hometown; The bald old man sitting on the steps behind the archduke is a great mathematician Pythagoras, and the teenagers around him wrote "harmony" and mathematical scale on the board; The old man behind him looked intently at Pythagoras' argument, ready to record it at any time; The man who leaned forward and looked at it with a white headscarf is said to be a * * * scholar Avillo; In the lower left corner of the picture, the man lying on the pillar pier and wearing laurel is writing something attentively. Some people are designated as the master of grammar Epicurus; In the painting, the man sitting on the foreground steps, holding his face in his left hand, is a materialist philosopher democritus while meditating; Behind him stood a man who turned his head to Pythagoras. He pointed at the book as if to prove something. He is a rhetorician, Saint Nolcke. There is a half-naked old man lying on the steps in the center of the picture. He is the cynic philosopher diogenes. This school holds that everything is insignificant except natural needs, so this scholar usually wears rags to cover himself and lives in a broken wooden box. The right half of the picture is divided into several groups. The central figure of the foreground theme group is an old man, who is a geometrician Euclid. He is bending down to make geometric figures on the slate with a compass, which has aroused the interest of several young scholars. The man behind Euclid holding astronomical instruments with his back to the audience is an astronomer Ptolemy: the bearded old man opposite is bramante, the artistic director of Vatican and Raphael's hometown; The man in a white robe and a small hat is the painter Sodoma. Behind Sodoma, only half a head and neck are exposed, and the painter Raphael himself is looking at us from the side. During the Renaissance, painters were best at depicting people they admired or cursed in their paintings. They also liked to paint themselves in their paintings to show their attitude towards the events in the paintings or to sign their names. The mural painter skillfully uses the arch as the natural frame of the picture. The background is decorated with St. Peter's Church designed by bramante, with opposite sides. The characters in the painting seem to come out of the long and high corridor, and the perspective makes the picture look tall and far-reaching. The straight line of the building colonnade blends with the dynamic curve of the characters, and the picture is both rigid and flexible, with statues standing on both sides, which makes the picture full of profound classical culture.

The painter makes good use of the steps, so that many characters are combined in an orderly way, which is real and lively, and the picture brings the viewer into the ranks of sages. This large-scale scene, numerous figures, vivid gestures and expressions, harmonious layout, changing and unified rhythm have developed painting creation to the peak of the Renaissance.

Madonna in the chair

The painter paid special attention to the eyes of the virgin Mary. It is often said that the eyes are the windows of the soul, through a pair.

The eyes can peep into the soul of the person in the painting. The Madonna in Raphael's paintings has a profound meaning. There is a legend about these touching eyes: once the painter came out of the Vatican, he saw a girl holding a baby under the colonnade at the door, which looked like his sweetheart, Fu Na Lena. Seeing her eyes fascinated him, he picked up a piece of charcoal with great interest and wanted to leave this touching moment on the canvas forever. He looked around and saw an empty bucket facing the sky beside him, but the painter didn't consider it. Raphael is very good at creating images with curves. This painting is composed of various curves of different lengths from the round frame to the combination, posture, clothing and pleats of the characters. The overall image of the picture gives the viewer a perfect feeling of fullness, softness and high harmony. The color distribution of painter's modeling basically follows the Christian concept, with red and blue as the keynote. Because in Christianity, red symbolizes God's sacred love and blue symbolizes God's truth. Therefore, in religious paintings, the dress of the Virgin Mary is generally red and blue. In this painting, the Madonna's coat is red and the cloak is blue. The yellow coat of the baby Jesus and the red and blue of the Madonna's dress constitute the harmonious three primary colors, thus enhancing the gorgeous colors and the luxury of the picture.

A neo-Platonism philosophy prevailed in Raphael's era, which not only advocated that beauty is eternal, but also pursued the creation of ideal beauty in art. In the artistic creation of humanist masters, they paid more attention to discovering the beauty of life, and they had realistic aesthetic feeling for all the beauty depicted in art.