Yang Di Emperor Constellation _ Date of Birth of Emperor Yang Di

What are the characteristics of Sui Dynasty culture? What aspects of Sui culture are involved?

Sui Dynasty is the second dynasty in China's history with short time span, concentrated political, economic and cultural innovations, and a historical turning point. Although the Sui Dynasty was short-lived. However, new achievements have been made in culture. So which dynasty did the Sui Dynasty inherit culturally? How did the culture of Sui Dynasty evolve? What are the characteristics of the culture of the Sui Dynasty? The cultural characteristics of the Sui Dynasty can be summarized as: innovation and integration. In terms of literature and art, the music and paintings of the Sui Dynasty added elements of the Hu people, and musical instruments such as Huqin, Hu Zheng and Erhu were added. This historical progress did not stop until the Tang Dynasty several decades later. The figures of flowers, birds, fish and insects in the painting have gradually become bold and unrestrained, elegant and unrestrained. I think this painting feature may more or less affect the later "Five Dynasties Party Style". Next, I will introduce the calligraphy and painting of the Sui Dynasty. Calligraphy in Sui Dynasty-"True Grass Thousand-character Calligraphy" inherited the style of Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, and made a lot of processing to become regular script in Sui Dynasty. As for seals and official seals, they have long since disappeared. During this period, only regular script prevailed in the world. It can be said that in the Sui Dynasty, regular script was regarded as an extremely standardized standard calligraphy style, which became a norm of regular script in China calligraphy circle. It is the first official script in the Tang Dynasty, which has the deepest influence and the greatest contribution to the school of regular script in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, regular script in Sui Dynasty is a critical period in the history of China's calligraphy. In terms of inscriptions and calligraphy, there is a trend of integration between North and South. Melt the north and the south in one furnace. At this time, the matter of setting up a monument began to become popular throughout the country. Until today, a large number of famous monuments have been left behind, and their calligraphy skills are superb, which even some famous calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty can't surpass. The famous epitaphs in this period include Zhi Yong's True Grass Thousand-character Stone Carving, Longzang Temple Monument, He Ruoyi Monument, Cao Zijian Temple Monument, Beauty Dong Shi Epitaph, Yuan Gong's wife Ji Jia Epitaph, and K Xiaoci Epitaph. Among the famous painters in the Sui Dynasty, the most famous are Zhan Ziqian, Dong Boren, Zheng Fashi, Tian Sengliang, Yang Qidan, Sun Shangzi, Wei Chibu and others. At that time, the painting was still centered on the story of Taoist characters, but landscape painting has gradually developed into an independent painting discipline. Zhan Ziqian is as famous as Dong Boren, forming a new style. In addition to painting temple murals, they also painted scrolls, specializing in figures, chariots and horses, pavilions and landscapes. "You Chuntu" is the only remaining work in Qian's life. It is a painting with a pen for sketching. It focuses on the relationship between distance and the proportion of people in mountains, rivers and trees, and it is interesting for thousands of miles. Painters in Yuan Dynasty pointed out that You Chuntu was the ancestor of landscape painting. Yu Kan (Hotan, Xinjiang) painter Wei Chi wrote a poem about Zhina, who was called "David Chi" at that time. He is good at drawing figures from the western regions, and there are shadows on the picture, which is called "concave-convex method". It had a great influence on later paintings. When Confucian classics and phonology were in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Confucian classics were different from those in the North and South. According to Sui Shu? "The Scholars" said: "Southerners can simplify the complex and get their glory; The north is deep and the branches and leaves are poor. " The Sui Dynasty inherited the academic atmosphere of the Northern Dynasty. There were famous scholars such as Niu Hong, Liu Zhuo, Liu Xuan and Wang Tong in the early Sui Dynasty. In the early years of Emperor Wendi, Yan Zhitui, Xiao Gai and his grandson Yan Na discussed phonology with Lu Fayan. They all agree that the tones in the four directions are very different, and the rhyme between the north and the south is also different. There were no standards and mistakes in the previous rhyme books and rhymes. Therefore, the similarities and differences between ancient and modern, the right and wrong between north and south, will be decided by Yan Zhitui and Xiao. Lu Fayan recorded the gist of various people's discussions. After years of consideration, it was written into five volumes of Qieyun in 60 1 year (the first year of Renshou). This book unifies written phonology and lays the foundation of phonology. The astronomical calendar of the territory map of the Sui Dynasty is constantly improving with the evolution of the dynasty, which requires more accurate calculation methods. In 604 (the fourth year of Renshou), Liu Zhuo, a scholar, first put forward the formula of "equal-interval quadratic interpolation method" when drawing up the emperor's calendar. In 600, Liu Zhuo measured the precession once every 76 years, which is close to the accurate value. Later, Li of the Tang Dynasty formulated the Linde Calendar on the basis of the Huang Ji Calendar used in the early Tang Dynasty. The adoption of dating method is a major reform in the astronomical history of China. Another astronomer, Geng Xu, made an armillary sphere rotating by water power, which was installed in a dark room and operated by water power, just in line with the outdoor sky, and the design was very exquisite. According to the constellation set by Chen Zhuo in Sui Dynasty, Dan composed a seven-character song named "Heavenly Song", which was simple and easy to recite, and played a certain role in popularizing astronomical knowledge. There is a doctor's department in the Sui Dynasty. At that time, medicine was quite developed, including Xu Zhicang, Zhen Quan, Chao and others, of which Chao was the most famous. Chao was a great doctor in the great cause of Sui Dynasty. He wrote 50 volumes of Etiology, 67 points, 1720 papers. This is the first book in China that discusses the classification, etiology and pathology of diseases in detail, which opens up the research way of etiology and pathology in later generations. According to the book, intestinal anastomosis is a great achievement in the history of surgical operation in China. Geography With the unification of the country and the development of transportation, commerce and trade between China and foreign countries, the geography of the Sui Dynasty has made new achievements, especially the mapping technology has made remarkable progress. In the early years of the Great Cause, the imperial court compiled 100 volumes of Zhuzhou Atlas according to the customs, products and map data declared by each state. After six years of great cause, I also ordered my liegeman to draw a map of Yu District with a volume of 129. The mountains, counties and cities described on the map are all equipped with maps, which are masterpieces of geography. When Pei Ju, a famous geographer in Yang Di, was ordered to manage merchants in the western regions in Zhangye, he collected information on mountains, rivers and customs in the western regions and wrote a three-volume Atlas of the Western Regions, which included maps, descriptions and color pictures of people of all ethnic groups wearing national costumes. This is a famous geography book. Zhao Zhouqiao and Bridge-building Technology in Sui Dynasty Anji Bridge in Ningjin County, Hebei Province (originally from Zhaozhou, so it is also called Zhao Zhouqiao) was designed by Li Chun, an outstanding craftsman in Sui Dynasty. This bridge is a single-hole stone bridge with a total length of 50.82 meters and a width of 9 meters. There are two bridge opening on the left and right of bridge opening. Bridge opening spans 37.45 meters, but the height of bridge opening is only 7.23 meters. The slope of the bridge is small, and the bridge deck is straight, so pedestrians and horses are very labor-saving. Bridge opening has a large span, and it is also convenient for water ships to come and go. The four Kobashiguchi are also original, which not only saves more than 200 cubic meters of stone, but also reduces the weight of one fifth of the bridge, greatly reducing the burden on the bridge foundation, and at the same time can also play the role of flood diversion and buffering, reducing the impact of flood on the bridge body. Because Anji Bridge has many advantages in structure, it has been preserved until now. It is a very valuable creation to build this kind of bridge structure with long span and low curvature more than 1300 years ago. Modern people tend to pay attention to the destructive and cruel side of history before the establishment of the Sui Dynasty. In fact, the turbulent period before the Sui Dynasty was also a period of great multi-ethnic migration and integration. With the communication and integration between ethnic groups and the Han nationality in society, the cultural characteristics of the Han nationality after the establishment of the Sui Dynasty are more diverse and complicated than before, and they are also more people-friendly and cohesive. The literary works after Sui Dynasty further inherited and innovated the Ci and Fu from Han and Wei Dynasties and Wei and Jin Dynasties. Sui further perfected the obscure parts and added elements of Yi-ology, which laid the foundation for prose and poetry creation in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.