Where is Fuxi's tomb?

Fuxi is known as Ren Huang in the "Huang San" in the history of China civilization. Huang San is the Emperor, Rehmannia and Ren Huang, and Huang San is the most expensive. Fuxi painted eight diagrams and made calendars. He was the pioneer of Chinese civilization and humanistic culture, and was the same clan of the Chinese nation. Speaking of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, there is a popular saying that they are descendants of the Yellow Emperor. However, some ethnic groups do not agree, such as Miao people, who think that their ancestors are not Yanhuang, but Chiyou. Zhuolu, Hebei Province is the place where the Yellow Emperor defeated Chiyou in history. Originally, there was an ancestral hall, also called the second ancestral hall, which was dedicated to Emperor Yanhuang. Later, under the vigorous advocacy of these ethnic groups and some experts and scholars, it was changed to "Sanzutang" and Chiyou was added. But when it comes to Fuxi as the ancestor of the Chinese nation, all these ethnic groups agree, even North Korea, Mongolia, Vietnam and other countries agree. Fuxi is the single ancestor of the Chinese nation.

Where was Fuxi born and buried? Historical records are inconsistent with current place names. Some of the original memorial sites of Fuxi in China are deductive testimonies of later generations, not sites of that era, which cannot prove that Fuxi is the truth of history. In addition, the legend that Fuxi is the head of the snake is absurd, which leads to the debate on whether Fuxi really exists in the history of China, and even those who advocate Fuxi can't prove it.

The discovery of No.45 tomb in Puyang made Fuxi's legend become history. In 20 15, I went to Beijing to attend the conference hosted by China Fuxi Cultural Research Association, and brought with me the book "The Site of Xishuipo in Puyang-Social Picture in Fuxi Times". This book caused a great sensation at the meeting, and was recommended as the first prize to China Writers' Century Forum, so I was specially appointed as the director of China Fuxi Culture Research Association. Mr. Jia Bin, then president of China Fuxi Culture Research Association, spoke highly of Puyang site, believing that it was the first site that could fully reflect Fuxi culture in that era. He told me excitedly that Puyang really found the basis that his ancestor Fuxi was a historical figure. Fuxi culture was originally rooted in myths and legends, and now it is rooted in the earth.

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The original Tomb No.45 is now placed in the first and prominent position in the collection of China National Museum. Among the remains of the ancestors of the Chinese nation collected by the National Museum, the owner of Tomb 45 is the earliest and the only one. National Cultural Heritage Administration 199 1 wrote in the Atlas of China Cultural Relics that the Xishuipo site in Puyang is "the most important archaeological discovery in Neolithic China". As we all know, the Neolithic Age is the beginning of Chinese civilization, and the "most important discovery" is obviously aimed at all domestic discoveries in this era. All these show the uniqueness of the national identity of Tomb 45 and its owner and the beginning of civilization.

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For several years, we have been discussing the culture of "Yilong in China". What is the essence of China Yilong culture? It is the culture of the Book of Changes.

1. Three styles

When it comes to "the first dragon in China", many people think it is just a crocodile lizard. In fact, the crocodile lizard model is just one of them, that is, the first batch of mussels were formed in Tomb 45 to accompany the tomb owner. In addition, there are two kinds, the second group of clam-shaped deer-headed pythons and the third group of clam-shaped climbing pythons. In other words, "China Yilong" is not a style, but three styles, which together constitute the compound connotation of "China Yilong" ontology and cultural characteristics.

Xu Shen wrote in Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Dragons and scale worms can be quiet and bright, thin and huge, short and long. The vernal equinox ascends to the sky and the autumnal equinox dives deeply. " The mussel plastic dragon in the first group shows that the dragon can dive deeply, is huge and can bend. In the second group, the mussel plastic dragon is connected with the tiger deer, and its body and tail are hidden between the mussel plastic combinations, which shows that it can stretch, slim, be quiet and grow; The mussel plastic dragon in the third group shows that it can take off and ascend to heaven.

In the primitive culture of China, "Sansheng" and the third is number. Endless, this is the coordinate direction of the Book of Changes.

2. heaven and earth are one.

These three styles of "China's Yilong" actually show the forms of the three realms of earth, man and heaven. If the serial number order of mussel shell assembly is reversed, it is the form of unity of heaven and earth. In Tomb 45, the dragon can represent the sky and the tiger represents the earth. Tomb 45 itself also embodies the unity of heaven, earth and man. What we are talking about now is the "harmony between man and nature" in the traditional culture of China. "Harmony between Heaven and Man" is the abbreviation of "Harmony between Heaven and Man", which originally meant Puyang.

3. China is the first easy dragon and change.

The dragon in the sky, the dragon on the ground and the dragon on the ground have different styles, but they are all called dragons and unified under the name of dragons. However, there are differences and changes in combination. In the three different environments of heaven, earth and people, "China Yi Long" has changed into different styles, presented different forms and shouldered different missions. On the ground, it is a replica of the black dragon star map in the sky, echoing the essence of astronomical changes; On the earth, it unites tigers, deer, phoenixes and so on. And serve the state power represented by the stone axe, willing to be at the bottom; In the sky, it controls the situation and helps people take off. China Yi Long will change, and it will change with the times!

Change, this is the most essential essence of the Book of Changes.

Yi Long in China is the originator of Chinese interpretation of the true meaning of time-varying philosophy.

4. Elon and Gangua in China.

The original divination in the Book of Changes is dry divination, and there are seven divination images: (1) Don't use hidden dragons; (2) Adults benefit from seeing dragons in the field; (3) a gentleman works all day, and if he is late, he is completely blameless; (four) or jump deep, no responsibility; (5) Flying dragons are in the sky, which is conducive to seeing adults; (6) Kang Long has regrets; It is auspicious to see a leaderless group.

These seven hexagrams are actually demonstrating the process of "a gentleman should strive for self-improvement". Don't use the hidden dragon. A gentleman is a dragon. When you are young and physically unable to participate in society, you are a "hidden dragon". He should be willing to be a "hidden dragon" and not bite off more than one can chew. "When you see a dragon in the field, you will see an adult." When you grow up, you will integrate into the society and take responsibility independently. If you want to succeed, you must let powerful people support and protect you, and ask talented people to help you. With the "benefits" of these adults, you have capital. But even this would not be enough "A gentleman works all day, and if he hesitates at night, he is blameless." A gentleman should have good qualities, be diligent, conscientious and always be modest and prudent. Only such a gentleman can be "blameless" after "seeing an adult". Not only is there no blame under normal circumstances, even if it "jumps deep", even if it jumps into the wind and waves, it is "blameless". This is the reason for the prosperity of the business. "Flying dragons are in the sky, benefiting people and adults", and his career is at its peak, greatly surpassing his peers. How to develop under such circumstances? Another kind of "profit-seeking adult" refers to relying on the support and protection of superiors or powerful people in new fields and getting the assistance of experts and scholars at the same level or in this field. Otherwise, "Kang Long has regrets", thinks he is great and willful, and will screw things up and "have regrets". "If you see no leader, you will be lucky." All the great men in the world are United around them. No one is much better than anyone else. If they discuss things collectively and make democratic decisions, everything will be "auspicious".

After a little analysis, we can see that the seven main veins of the hexagrams in Gan Gua are represented by the image of a dragon, which can be divided into three groups. The first group is "hidden dragon", the second group is two, three and four hexagrams, which are human dragons, and the third group is five, six and seven hexagrams, which are "in heaven" dragons. This is very consistent with the three groups of mussel sculptures in China Yilong and its image connotation is also very consistent with the three groups of mussel sculptures in China Yilong. We can say that the connotation of the three groups of mussel sculptures of "China Yi Long" is the physical display of "dry hanging", the philosophical demonstration of the entrepreneurial strategy of "gentlemen constantly strive for self-improvement", and "dry hanging" is the text interpretation of the three groups of mussel sculptures of "China Yi Long". Three groups of sculptures at the site of "China No.1 Yilong" are the oldest sand table in the Book of Changes.

5. People-oriented and China Yilong

China's original theory of "harmony between man and nature" in traditional culture not only advocates nature, but also transforms it to serve people. This theory calls heaven, earth and man "three talents", among which man is the most valuable. This is the people-oriented view of China's sages.

Here, "Elon of China" made an image demonstration 6500 years ago.

In the sculpture of Tomb No.45, the human body length when living is1.84m; Long Judong,1.78m long; West side of Tiger House, length 1.39 meters. Dragons, earth tigers and human beings are called "three talents". Among the "three talents", the dragon and tiger protect and people are expensive. In the second group of mussel sculptures, the dragon unified the tiger and the deer into a whole, with a stone axe standing in the middle, indicating that people are their own rulers and are serving others. The third group rode Long Zaitian, protected by tigers and phoenixes. These three postures show the humanistic theory to such a range, which is unique in the history of the development of humanistic theory.

Of course, the identity of the people in the three groups of sculptures is king, emperor and emperor, not what we call the masses now, and its people-oriented connotation cannot be completely equal to the modern people-oriented concept. But in the three worlds of heaven, earth and man, he is the representative of man. Here, he drew a clear line with the "masters" who advocated "obeying the destiny".

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The Yijing culture of Xishuipo site is not only embodied in "China Yilong", but also in the overall sculpture of this tomb. The connotation of heaven, earth and people in Tomb No.45 interprets "three lives" and also marks "Tai Chi gives birth to two instruments". The four martyrs in the southeast, northwest and northwest are called "Four Seasons Gods", which also indicates that "two instruments give birth to four elephants". The third group of mussels, dragons, tigers and phoenixes is another demonstration of the "Four Elephants". The gossip culture in the Book of Changes has a historical development process. In the first stage, Tai Chi gives birth to two instruments, in the second stage, two instruments give birth to four elephants, and in the third stage, four elephants give birth to gossip. The sculpture of Tomb 45 and the image of the Four Seasons God prove that the gossip of the tomb owner's time has evolved into four elephants.

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The sculpture of the dragon, tiger and clam in Tomb 45 was identified by researcher Shi Feng as an extremely accurate astronomical map at that time, and it was a replica of the Black Dragon and White Tiger constellations in the sky. The owner of the tomb stepped on the Big Dipper. This theory has been recognized by historians and scientific circles, and has been included in General History of China edited by Bai Shouyi and History of Science and Technology in China edited by Lu Jiaxi. Astronomy volume.

Historical books tell us that the purpose of our ancestors' observation of astronomical phenomena is to divide the four seasons and make calendars to guide people's production and life. Black Dragon Constellation, White Tiger Constellation and Beidou Constellation are all standard stars used by our ancestors to time. The celestial map carved in Tomb 45 proves the maturity of the tomb owner's observation level of celestial phenomena, and also shows that Fuxi's calendar is historical truth.

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On the authentication of the owner of the tomb, at the seminar of "Long Culture and Modern Civilization in 2000", Mr. Xu Shunzhan wrote in the summary of academic discussion: "There are three opinions: the first one is that the owner of Tomb No.45 is Fuxi, because Fuxi XVI is recorded in the literature, and this tomb belongs to Fuxi Tomb in a certain period, which can be called Fu Huangling, the first imperial tomb in ancient times. Three groups of mussel sculptures reflect the emperor's funeral. The first group of mussel sculptures is the death picture of Taiyi in Fuxi, the second group is the return picture of Fuxi's soul, the third group is the tour picture of Fuxi, and the three groups of mussel sculptures reflect the grand funeral of Fu, the king of hundred kings. The second view is that the tomb of Tomb No.45 is a comprehensive map of the sky, which proves that it is a real tomb of Chiyou, and Chiyou is a direct descendant of Fuxi and Nuwa in Shangyuan taichu calendar. The third view is that he is the leader of a certain generation of Zhuan Xu people and can be said to be the tomb of Zhuan Xu "; "But these three statements all have one thing in common, that is, they all think that it is the tomb of Wang and other figures 6,000 years ago, and call it" the tomb of the king "or" the tomb of the yellow tomb "; The argument of "imperial tomb" makes sense, and it is indeed a new view worthy of attention to raise tomb No.45 to the status of "imperial tomb".

I am a participant in this session and an advocate of the "Imperial Tomb". The owner of the tomb is one of Fuxi's advocates. There were 50 delegates at that meeting, only one person claimed that the owner of the tomb was Mr. Wang Dayou Chiyou, and he later agreed that Fuxi advocated six people in Zhuan Xu. Most other people agreed with Fuxi, saying that I remember about 26 people, and others did not express their opinions. Therefore, Mr. Xu Shunzhan said after summing up the three viewpoints: "The view of' Imperial Tomb' is reasonable", which is the view of most experts and scholars attending the meeting and also the tendentious view of the meeting. The view of the imperial tomb is that the owner of the tomb is a generation of Fuxi.

From a historical point of view, none of these three statements can be based on Chiyou Theory and Zhuan Xu Theory. Chiyou and Huangdi are contemporaries, and Zhuan Xu is the grandson of Huangdi. They are all ancestors about 5,000 years ago, and their bones will never be buried after 6,500 years. Only Fuxi's theory is meaningful, and from the cultural connotation of Yijing and the astronomical map displayed by the tomb carving, it is also very consistent with Fuxi's two major humanistic contributions.

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Why does the sculpture of Fuxi Tomb in Puyang use clam shells?

Here, I made a detailed discussion in the article "Interpreting Western Shui Bo with Classics" in the book "Imperial Civilization", and I won't go into details here.

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Suggestions on rebuilding Fuxi Tomb in Puyang, the first tomb in China. (omitted)