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Lu Xun (188 1 September 25th-19361October19), originally named Zhou Zhangshou, later renamed Zhou Shuren; The word Yushan, later changed to Yucai, was born in Huiji County, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, and was a great proletarian writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China.

192 1 year, the novella The True Story of Ah Q was published. Diary of a Madman, published in May 19 18, is China's first modern vernacular novel. 19361June19 died of tuberculosis in Shanghai. Lu Xun's works are mainly novels and essays, and his representative works are: Collection of Novels, Scream, Hesitation, New Stories, etc. Prose collection "Morning Flowers Picking Up in the Evening"; A collection of prose poems "Weeds"; Prose such as Grave, Hot Wind, Gai Hua Collection, Gai Hua Collection Continuation, South-to-North Transfer, Three Idle Collections, Two Hearts Collection, Justice Collection, and Qiejieting Prose Collection, etc. Dozens of his works have been selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools, and many novels have been adapted into movies. His works had a far-reaching influence on China literature after the May 4th Movement. Lu Xun, who took the place of Ge with pen, struggled all his life and was known as "soul of china". "Bowing one's head and being a willing ox" is a portrayal of Lu Xun's life.

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Cultural figures | literary figures

Lu Xun (188 1 September 25th-19361October19), originally named Zhou Zhangshou, later renamed Zhou Shuren; The word Yushan, later changed to Yucai, was born in Huiji County, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, and was a great proletarian writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China.

192 1 year, the novella The True Story of Ah Q was published. Diary of a Madman, published in May 19 18, is China's first modern vernacular novel. 19361June19 died of tuberculosis in Shanghai. Lu Xun's works are mainly novels and essays, and his representative works are: Collection of Novels, Scream, Hesitation, New Stories, etc. Prose collection "Morning Flowers Picking Up in the Evening"; A collection of prose poems "Weeds"; Prose such as Grave, Hot Wind, Gai Hua Collection, Gai Hua Collection Continuation, South-to-North Transfer, Three Idle Collections, Two Hearts Collection, Justice Collection, and Qiejieting Prose Collection, etc. Dozens of his works have been selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools, and many novels have been adapted into movies. His works had a far-reaching influence on China literature after the May 4th Movement. Lu Xun, who took the place of Ge with pen, struggled all his life and was known as "soul of china". "Bowing one's head and being a willing ox" is a portrayal of Lu Xun's life.

Character relationship

Wife Xu Guangping.

Son Zhou Haiying.

Father Zhou Boyi.

Brother Zhou Zuoren

Brother Zhou

Basic information

Personal realization

Major achievements:

Short stories and essays

Personal profile

Real name:

Zhou Shuren, Lu Xun, Luton.

Nickname:

Formerly known as Zhou Zhangshou

Font size:

Cai

At that time:

Modern Times

Ethnic groups:

Han (ha)

Birthplace:

Huiji County, Shaoxing District, Zhejiang Province

Date of birth:

188 1 25th September

Date of death:

1936 65438+ 10/0/9

Main work

Main works:

Diary of a madman, the true story of ah q

Other information

Gender:

man

Nationality:

China

Graduate school:

Sendai medical university Nanjing road and mine school

Constellation:

libra

catalogue

1 character lifetime

2 major achievements

3 Historical evaluation

4. Family members

5 anecdotes and allusions

Six major works

Commemorate future generations

Fold and edit this character's life.

Fold the student era

When Lu Xun was young, he was a descendant of Zhou Enlai, and his ancestor was Zhou Dunyi, the founder of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty. Lu Xun's father Zhou Boyi is a scholar and his mother Lu Rui.

1892, 1 1 year-old studied at a private school in Yingyue, Santan, Shaoxing.

1893 (19th year of Guangxu), my grandfather Zhou Fuqing came back and was dismissed from office for cheating in the imperial examination, while the Lu Xun brothers were placed in the home of his uncle Huangfuzhuang, who was more than 30 miles away from the city. Zhou Fuqing was sentenced to eight years in prison, so the Zhou family spent a lot of money every year to keep Zhou Fuqing alive. So family affairs began to decline, and later he moved to the countryside around his husband's family. Lu Xun's two collections of novels, Scream, Hesitation and Illness, can reflect the profound influence of family changes on Lu Xun.

1898, he left his hometown of San Tan Yin Yue at the age of 17, and entered the Jiangnan Naval Academy in Jinling, renamed Zhou Shuren.

1899 transferred to the Mining Road School affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi School, and forged a friendship with Chen Hengke.

190 1 year.

1March, 906, your mother ordered her to return to China to marry Zhu An. This autumn, Lu Xun and his second brother Zhou Zuoren went to Japan to study literature and art in Tokyo.

Lu Xun was the first international student in Northeastern University and the only China international student in Sendai at that time. In Sendai, anatomy teacher Fujino Genkuro had the greatest influence on Lu Xun. In Zhou Zuoren's Youth of Lu Xun and Xu Shoushang's Impression of Lu Xun, both of them have quoted Lu Xun's academic achievements published by Xiao Lin Maoxiong, MD, a medical college classmate of Lu Xun:

During Lu Xun's stay in Japan

Anatomy 57.3 points;

Histological score was 63.7;

Physiology 65 points;

90 points in ethics;

95 points in chemistry;

60 points in German;

Physics 60. 1.

It can be seen that Lu Xun did the best in chemistry. The results of natural science and medical subjects are relatively average, except for the anatomy subject held by Fujino. The total score is like Lu Xun's self-report in "Mr. Fujino": "In 100 students, I am in the middle, but I am not behind." Some students in this class think it is "the topic of last year's anatomy experiment, which was marked on Mr. Fujino's handout. I knew it in advance, so I can have such a result."

After studying in medical school for a year, Lu Xun dropped out of school. He himself mentioned this in the article "Mr. Fujino", saying that Lu Xun himself was arrested and shot by the Japanese because he was a detective for the Russians in a documentary about the Sino-Russian war. He likes the Japanese on the scene, and thinks that "saving the country and the people requires saving the heart first", so he gave up medicine and devoted himself to literature, hoping to transform China people's "national inferiority" with literature.

1907, planned to start a new life magazine, but failed due to financial problems. 1908 studied under Zhang Taiyan, joined the Guangfu Association (Zhou Zuoren thought he didn't), and translated some short stories of Eastern Europe and Russia with his second brother Zhou Zuoren, which is a famous collection of foreign novels, but the sales volume is average.

Entrusted Osamu Dazai to write a novel "Farewell" describing Lu Xun's study abroad, which was published in 1945.

Lu Xun was deeply influenced by the theory of evolution and loved reading original books, especially translated novels. His school days and previous experiences became the main source of materials for his book Flowers in the Morning.

Go back to work

Lu Xun (second from right) 1909, 28-year-old Lu Xun returned from Japan, and served as a teacher of physiology and chemistry in Zhejiang Normal School (now Hangzhou Senior High School), a teacher and supervisor in Shaoxing Middle School, and the president of Shaoxing Normal School (now Shaoxing University of Arts and Sciences). 19 1 1 wrote his first novel homesickness (in classical Chinese).

19 12 years, 3 1 year-old Lu Xun was invited by Cai Yuanpei to work in the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China. After Yuan Shikai became president, he moved to Beijing with the government and served as the head of the Social Education Department 1 Section of the Ministry of Education. At this time, he experienced a period of depressed thoughts, was disappointed with social reform, was fascinated by the collection and research of inscriptions, and edited Xie Cheng's Hou and Ji. Influenced by money, she rejoined the New Culture Movement and became a professor at Beijing Women's Teachers College and a part-time lecturer in Peking University. (Note: Lu Xun was a part-time lecturer at Peking University at that time, not an employee of Peking University. Because at that time, President Cai Yuanpei decided to take a post at Peking University, and Lu Xun was a data scribe of the Ministry of Education. People who write the history of Peking University often make mistakes here and regard Lu Xun as an employee of Peking University. )

19 18, 37-year-old Zhou Shuren first published the diary of a madman, the first short vernacular novel written in modern style in the history of modern literature in China, under the pseudonym of "Lu Xun" in China New Youth magazine. 192 1 65438+February, he also vividly created the image of Ah Q and published the novella The True Story of Ah Q. From 65438 to 0924, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Qian, Lin Yutang and others founded a weekly magazine, Yu Si.

1924, Nobel Prize in Literature-winning Indian poet Tagore visited the Forbidden City, and Beijing arranged for Lu Xun to meet with Tagore and take a group photo. At that time, the domestic evaluation of Tagore's visit to China tended to be polarized, and Lu Xun evaluated it as "making a bottle of perfume".

"Proverbs of Lu Xun" Lu Xun was a civil servant of the Republic of China for 14 years, with the rank of recommendation, the Ministry of Education as the organ and the Social Education Department as the unit (the director is Xia Cengyou), and served as the director and director of 1 department (the assistant director is Dr. Spin). The main achievements are as follows: as the representative of the Ministry of Education of the National Language and Character Unification Association, he coordinated the formulation of phonetic symbols (together with Ma Yuzao, Zhu Xizu, Xu Shoushang, Qian Daosun, etc., he put forward and wrote "Unified Pronunciation, but improved anti-tangent, so two-syllable simplified characters are the most suitable"); Cooperate with Qian Daosun and Xu Shoushang to design the national emblem of the Republic of China, and write the Description of the Painting of the National Emblem of the State Council (see Complete Works of Lu Xun, 2005 edition); And designed the school emblem of Peking University at that time, which was the artistic font of the word "Peking University"; In charge of library and information service: in charge of Shi Jing Library (later Beijing Library, now National Library of China), etc. Until he was dismissed by Zhang, then Minister of Education. Therefore, Lu Xun filed an administrative lawsuit with the Zheng Ping Society of the Republic of China and won the case. He can be reinstated according to law, but he chose to leave the government system. Yi Peiji, a good friend, signed an order to reinstate Zhou Shuren, who is also the president of Beijing Women's Normal University. 1926 after the March 18th tragedy broke out, Yi Peiji and others were wanted by Duan, the temporary ruling party of the Republic of China (note: Lu Xun was not wanted). During the restructuring of Cai Yuanpei's Ministry of Education into a college, Lu Xun was hired by Cai Yuanpei as a "special writer" of the college with a monthly salary of 300 yuan. After the college was owned by the Ministry of Education, the salary was renamed as "Ministry of Education Preparation Fee" and still paid monthly. From 65438 to 0932, Lu Xun no longer served as a "special compiler" of the Ministry of Education.

Fold Xiamen and Guangzhou

Lu Xun1August, 926, Lu Xun was wanted by the Beiyang government for supporting the patriotic movement of Beijing students and protesting the March 18th massacre (note: Lu Xun was not wanted, but here "is just a collection of great achievements", so he went to Xiamen University as a professor of liberal arts. A few months later, 1927+65438, 46-year-old Lu Xun left Xiamen. 19 arrived in Guangzhou on June 8, and accompanied by Sun Fuyuan and Xu Guangping, he moved to Sun Yat-sen University in the morning to live with his 29-year-old student Xu Guangping. At that time, Zhu Jiahua, president of Sun Yat-sen University, invited Lu Xun to the school. Lu Xun's diary: 65438+1October 26th, "Let's go to the evening for dinner first"; /kloc-February (New Year's Eve), Xiang Gong invited Lu Xun to dinner in the evening. Soon after, Gu Jiegang was hired to come to school. Only six years after graduating from Peking University, Gu became a research professor. Lu Xun was not convinced, claiming that he would leave as long as he came. On February 18 and 19, he went to Hong Kong to give two speeches, Silent China and Old Tune Has Been Singing, in the YMCA Auditorium in Sheung Wan.

I lived in Shanghai in my later years.

Lu Xun 1927 10, Lu Xun resigned from Sun Yat-sen University and came to Shanghai. /kloc-for 0/0 years, he has been living in the cross-border road-building area in the northern part of Shanghai's public concession (the so-called "semi-concession" refers to Lu Xun Park in the northern part of Hongkou District today), where there is a special political environment to protect his writing from persecution, as well as many of his Japanese friends. 1930, successively joined China Freedom Movement League, Left-wing Writers League and China Civil Rights Protection League. However, there are many ideological conflicts between Lu Xun and the leaders of the Left League, so some people think that he is a freelance writer. From 1927 to 1936, Lu Xun created many unforgettable essays and a large number of ideological essays to translate and introduce foreign progressive literary works.

During his stay in Shanghai, Lu Xun had contacts with Soong Ching Ling and Chen Geng. There is a contradiction between the literary group hosted by Lu Xun and the literary group hosted by Guo Moruo and Yu Dafu. Lu Xun trained a group of young writers, including Rou Shi, Bai Mang, Xiao Jun, Xiao Hong, the first female writer in China, and also had an argument with Zhang Chunqiao (alias Dick). Starting from 193 1, Lu Xun vigorously advocated woodcut prints, and began the history of China prints. 1933, Lu Xun wrote "In Memory of Forgetting" in memory of five members of the "Left-wing League" killed by the Kuomintang, including Rou Shi and Hu Yepin. Li, the propaganda minister of the Communist Party of China, once wrote to Lu Xun, hoping that he could scold Chiang Kai-shek by his real name. Lu Xun refused to say, "the article is easy to write ... but you can't live in Shanghai." 1936 65438+1October19 Lu Xun died of tuberculosis in Shanghai at the age of 55. The news of his death attracted the attention of China. Tens of thousands of people spontaneously held an unprecedented grand funeral for him as a literary figure, and representatives of the people covered his coffin with a white flag with the words "soul of china", which caused a sensation. There are 12 coffin bearers in the world's first funeral home, which are divided into two rows. The first two are Ba Jin and Lu Digen, followed by Hu Feng and Bai Cao. Huang Yuan, Zhang Tianyi; Jin Yi, Yao Ke; Zhou Wen Wu langxi; Xiao Jun (Tian Jun), Li Liewen. Buried in Shanghai Hongqiao International Cemetery. From 65438 to 0956, Lu Xun's tomb was relocated in Hongkou Park, Shanghai.

Lu Xun's will consists of seven articles, among which the first few articles are about keeping the funeral simple, the fifth one is about his youngest son Zhou Haiying's "if he has no talent, he can find a small life and never be a short writer or artist", the sixth one is about not taking his promise to others seriously, and the last one is about never being close to people who "hurt others' teeth, but oppose revenge and advocate tolerance". "

There are also some controversies about the death of Lu Xun. Zhou Haiying, Lu Xun's son, once wrote an article suspecting that his trusted Japanese doctor Sudo 530 had deliberately misdiagnosed him, which led to his premature death without normal treatment. It was later confirmed that Lu Xun's real cause of death should be severe pneumothorax induced by tuberculosis and emphysema. After Mr. Lu Xun's death, many people came to visit him, including students and workers ..... Lu Xun fought with a pen all his life and was known as the' soul of china'. Mao Zedong called him the greatest writer, thinker and revolutionary, and the commander-in-chief of China's Cultural Revolution.