What is Hanfu?

The traditional national costume of the Han nationality is Hanfu. From the period of Three Emperors and Five Emperors to the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, it was widely worn by Han people. Han Dynasty is one of the most important and outstanding dynasties in China, and the earliest, most complete, most advanced and most powerful feudal dynasty in China with the concept of centralized state, from which the appellation of Han people originated. Hanfu is a concept derived from this. Hanfu, the traditional national costume of the Han nationality in China, is also called Hanfu and Huafu. The main features of Hanfu are cross-collar, straight front and waist, tied with rope and hooked, giving people a free and easy impression. Hanfu is a traditional national costume handed down by the Han nationality for thousands of years. Until the modern Han people believe in Taoism, Buddhism and some remote mountain people, as well as many ethnic minorities in China, Hanfu has always maintained its own characteristics, and it can still be seen in some important sacrifices, commemorative activities and folk festivals in modern society. Hanfu has a far-reaching influence, and some ethnic groups in Asian countries, such as Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Mongolia and Bhutan, all have or learn from the characteristics of Hanfu. The main features of Hanfu are cross-collar, straight front and waist, tied with rope and hooked, giving people a free and easy impression. These characteristics are obviously different from the costumes of other nationalities. Hanfu can be divided into formal clothes and regular clothes. From the shape point of view, there are mainly three kinds: "top and bottom clothes" (ancient top refers to bottom skirt), "deep clothes" (top and bottom clothes are sewn together) and "skirt" (short clothes). Among them, the coronation under the coat is the most solemn and formal dress for emperors and officials; Robe clothes (deep clothes) are common clothes for officials and scholars, while skirts are popular among women. Ordinary working people generally wear short clothes and pants. Accessories headdress is one of the important parts of Han costumes. Ancient Han men and women put their hair in a bun and fixed it on their heads. Men often wear crowns, towels, hats and so on. , different shapes. Women's hair can also be combed into various styles, and they can wear all kinds of beading, walking and other accessories. Both sides of the temple are decorated with rich temples, and some of them wear curtains and hijab. There are many kinds of Hanfu, but they are mainly composed of formal clothes, formal clothes, casual clothes (small dresses), household clothes and China fashion. There are basically two styles of Hanfu men's wear. One is handed down from ancient times, such as wide lapel, straight lapel, wide sleeve, and wide sleeve (represented by Qin and Han costumes), which has continued from Shang, Zhou (Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period), Qin and Han Dynasties, Three Kingdoms, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Five Dynasties, Song, Yuan and Tang Dynasties. This is the most common style of Japanese kimono. 2. T-shirts (worn by Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong) popular since Sui and Tang Dynasties have continued the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, and influenced Japan, Korea and other countries. Common portraits of Song Taizu and Ming Taizu all wear this type of clothing. So far, the clothes worn by the Japanese emperor on some occasions are all variants of this Hanfu. Note that this T-shirt also has a right collar and is fastened with a small round button near the right shoulder. Early women's clothes were similar to men's clothes, and they were also worn deep. Later it was mainly skirts. The costumes of the Han Dynasty are different in some places, but the main parts are the same. The deep clothes in the Western Han Dynasty are the same as those in the Ming Dynasty, but they are different in details. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, clothing generally followed the clothing system of Shang Dynasty, but the clothing style was slightly looser than that of Shang Dynasty. There are two sizes of sleeves, and the collar is generally rectangular without buttons. They are usually tied around the waist, and some are decorated with jade ornaments. The Restoration of Zhili in Warring States Period

There were mainly two kinds of belts at that time: one was made of silk fabric, which was called "big belt" or "gentry belt"; Another kind of belt is made of leather, which is called "belt". At this time, a deep coat with exquisite curves appeared. Compared with other clothes, there is an obvious difference between top and bottom, which is called "continuous hem" "Sewing" means skirt, "continuation" means lengthening skirt, and "hemming" means describing skirt style. Changed the previous cutting method that clothes were mostly spread at the bottom. The front and rear pieces of the left skirt are stitched, and the rear skirt is lengthened. The lengthened skirt forms a triangle, which is worn around the back and then tied with a belt. It was still dark in the Qin Dynasty, so the standard color of Qin clothing was black, but the style was still big-chested and right-handed. Basically follow the Warring States period. Qin Shihuang's travels

It is worth mentioning that in the world of deep clothes that has been flooded in the Han Dynasty, people seem to miss the dress under the coat again, so women began to wear Hanfu made of clothes again. Men's clothing styles in Han Dynasty can be roughly divided into Qu Luan and Zhi Luan. Qu Luan, a kind of deep clothing popular in the Warring States period, was still used in the Han Dynasty, but it was more common in the early Western Han Dynasty. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was rare for men to wear deep clothes, usually straight clothes, but they could not be used as formal clothes. During the Qin and Han dynasties, clothes with deep curves were not only worn by men, but also the most common clothing style in women's wear. This kind of clothes is tight and narrow, long enough to mop the floor. The hem is generally trumpet-shaped and does not show its feet. The Restoration of Shan Rao in Han Dynasty

Sleeves are wide and narrow, and cuffs are mostly wrapped. The collar part is very distinctive, usually a cross collar, and the neckline is very low to expose underwear. Wear a few clothes, and the collar of each layer will be exposed, up to more than three layers, which is called "triple clothes". In addition, the tight-fitting clothes with narrow sleeves in Han Dynasty. After many twists and turns, the clothes were wrapped around the hips and tied with ribbons. There are also exquisite and gorgeous patterns painted on the clothes. Both men and women can wear it in Han Dynasty. This kind of dress appeared as early as the Western Han Dynasty, but it can't be used as a formal dress. The reason is that ancient pants had no crotch, only two legs covered the knees, and pants without crotch were worn inside. If you don't cover them with a coat, your pants will show. It was considered disrespectful at that time, so you should wear a curved deep coat outside. Later, with the improvement of clothing, the form of pants also improved, and crotch pants (called "crotch") appeared. As a result of the improvement of underwear, it is redundant to wrap the deep clothes around the front, so after the Eastern Han Dynasty, straight lines gradually became popular, replacing the deep clothes. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, men's clothing had the characteristics of the times, generally wearing long-sleeved shirts. Until the Southern Dynasties, this kind of shirt was still loved by men from all walks of life and became a fashion. Women's wear in Wei and Jin dynasties inherited the customs of Qin and Han dynasties and improved on the basis of tradition. Women in miscellaneous clothes in Luoshen House

Most people wear shirts, jackets and rafts above and skirts below. Most of these styles are simple on the top and complicated on the bottom. The body part is tight, the cuffs are hypertrophy, the skirt is a multi-fold skirt, the floor is long, and the hem is loose, achieving a handsome and chic effect. In the Tang Dynasty, in addition to wearing round neck and narrow sleeve robes, officials still wore dresses on some important occasions, such as sacrificial ceremonies. Maids and concubines in the prosperous Tang Dynasty

Most styles of dresses are inherited from the old system, such as wearing a belt or cage crown, a double-breasted shirt, a skirt and a Yu Pei ribbon. Tang costume is the main dress of women in Tang Dynasty. During the Sui Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty, women used small sleeve as shorts and wore tight-fitting long skirts with high waists, usually above the waist, and some even tied ribbons under their armpits, giving people a pretty and slender feeling. The skirts in the middle Tang Dynasty are wider than those in the early Tang Dynasty, and the others have not changed much. Although the Song Dynasty was politically open and democratic, it was imprisoned by the "Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism" thought and the compromise and concession of foreign policy-the clothing culture was no longer gorgeous and luxurious, but simple and simple. Chang (female)

In Song Dynasty, women's dress was formal and conservative, with elegant and quiet colors. The "cover-up" function of clothes and curtains has been strengthened, and all the "puffed up" have converged a lot at once. In the Song Dynasty, both royalty and ordinary people loved to wear straight-necked and double-breasted coats because they were comfortable, elegant and noble. By the Yuan Dynasty, Hanfu had a smooth transition, slightly absorbing the characteristics of national costumes of northern minorities, such as changes from right to left. The tradition of the Han nationality was restored in the Ming Dynasty, and the clothing system was re-established by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty. Many popular male hairstyles in Ming Dynasty were initiated by Ming Taizu. For example, "net towel" symbolizes the completeness of national laws and regulations, "square towel" symbolizes national peace, and "melon skin hat" is almost regarded as a typical hat of China by modern westerners. Restoration of Taoist robes in the late Ming Dynasty

Compared with the Tang suit, the Ming suit is obviously inverted in the proportion of dresses, from the short coat to the long hem, the coat is gradually lengthened and the length of the exposed skirt is shortened. The collar has also changed from a pair of lapels in the Song Dynasty to a round neck. In the Ming Dynasty, the blouse was narrow-sleeved and three-collared, more than three feet long, revealing a skirt of two or three inches, which was called "big-sleeved round neck corolla skirt coat". At that time, a new style was popular in Yangzhou: blouses were 2' 8 "long, sleeves were 1 2" wide, sleeves were inlaid with splendid flowers, and mink fox skin was inlaid in winter. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the skirt was light in color; During the Chongzhen period, white skirts were advocated. This skirt has an embroidered edge of one or two inches. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the skirt width was six, and it developed into eight or ten at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Skirt pleats are very popular, with thin pleats and large pleats. Folding decoration is very particular. There is a striped skirt, each of which is made of satin of the same color. Each piece of colored satin is embroidered with flowers and birds, and the edge of the belt is inlaid with gold thread, which can become an independent strip. Several such colored stripes are spliced on the belt to form a striped skirt, so it is named "phoenix tail skirt". Some also hand-made the whole piece of satin into fine pleats and named it "pleated skirt". A 24% off skirt, named "Jade Skirt". Headdress is one of the important parts of Han costumes. Ancient Han men and women put their hair in a bun and fixed it on their heads. Men often wear crowns, towels, hats and so on. , different shapes. Women's hair can also be combed into various styles, and they can wear all kinds of beading, walking and other accessories. Both sides of the temple are decorated with rich temples, and some of them wear curtains and hijab. Shoes in ancient Chinese clothing are also very particular. Shoes embodied in traditional paintings and operas are quite different from those of other nationalities. Some of them have thick soles and their toes are often decorated with upturned shoes. Tilt your toes up to prevent people from falling when they step on clothes. Sabre is also a part of ancient Chinese costumes, and literati often wear sabre in formal attire.