12 constellation hemorrhoids symptoms aggravated _ what constellation is hemorrhoids?

What are the causes and symptoms of hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids are very common anorectal diseases, mainly caused by improper life care, which will have many adverse effects on health. If it is not treated in time, it is easy to induce cancer. What are the causes and symptoms of hemorrhoids? How to distinguish hemorrhoids from rectal cancer? Let's learn more about the specific situation of hemorrhoids and understand the difference between hemorrhoids and rectal cancer.

1, how is hemorrhoids caused?

There are two main theories about the etiology of hemorrhoids. The first is varicose vein theory, which holds that hemorrhoid is a venous mass formed by blood stasis, expansion and flexion of venous plexus under submucosa of lower rectum and skin of anal canal. At present, however, the widely accepted theory is Thomson's theory of anal pad moving down, which holds that hemorrhoids are the normal anatomical structure of anal canal, that is, vascular pad, which is an annular spongy tissue belt with toothed lines above 1.5cm. Only when the anal pad tissue is abnormal and complicated with symptoms, it is called hemorrhoids and needs treatment. The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms, not to eliminate hemorrhoids. There are many inducing factors of hemorrhoids, among which constipation, long-term drinking, eating a lot of irritating food and sedentary are the main inducing factors.

2. What are the symptoms of hemorrhoids?

1. The main manifestation is hematochezia, which can be painless, intermittent, bloody after defecation, dripping blood during defecation or blood on toilet paper, and aggravated by constipation, drinking or eating irritating food.

2. Simple internal hemorrhoids have no pain, only the feeling of swelling, which can bleed and develop into prolapse. Pain only occurs when thrombosis, incarceration and infection occur.

3. Internal hemorrhoids are divided into 4 degrees.

(1) Bleeding during first-class defecation can stop automatically after defecation, and hemorrhoids do not leave the anus;

② There are often bloody stools in degree Ⅱ; The anus comes out during defecation and automatically returns after defecation;

(3) Hand-assisted reflux after third degree hemorrhoid prolapse;

④ Ⅳ degree hemorrhoids are outside the anus for a long time and can't flow back; Among them, internal hemorrhoids with degree ⅱ or above often form mixed hemorrhoids, which are characterized by the coexistence of internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids, and may cause pain, discomfort and itching, among which itching is often caused by viscous secretions flowing out when hemorrhoids prolapse. Most of the last three degrees are mixed hemorrhoids.

4. External hemorrhoids usually have no special symptoms, and there may be swelling and pain when thrombosis and inflammation occur.

3. How to treat hemorrhoids

1. Non-surgical treatment:

Asymptomatic hemorrhoids do not need treatment; Symptomatic hemorrhoids do not need radical cure; Non-surgical treatment is the main method.

(1) General treatment is suitable for most hemorrhoids, including the initial stage of thrombotic and incarcerated hemorrhoids. Pay attention to diet, avoid spicy wine, increase fibrous food, eat more fruits and vegetables, drink more water, change bad defecation habits, keep defecation unobstructed, take laxatives when necessary, and clean anus after defecation. For prolapsed hemorrhoids, pay attention to gently hold the hemorrhoid block by hand to prevent it from coming out again. Avoid sedentary, exercise properly, warm water (which may contain potassium permanganate), and take a bath before going to bed.

(2) Topical medication has been widely used, including suppositories, ointments and lotions, most of which contain traditional Chinese medicine.

(3) Generally, oral drugs are used to treat varicose veins.

(4) Injection therapy has a good effect on ⅰ and ⅱ degree internal hemorrhoid bleeding; Injection of sclerosing agent around submucosal venous plexus causes inflammatory reaction and fibrosis, thus closing varicose veins; 1 month can be repeated to avoid necrosis caused by injecting sclerosing agent into mucosa.

(5) physiotherapy laser therapy, cryotherapy, direct current therapy, copper ion electrochemical therapy, microwave thermocoagulation therapy and infrared coagulation therapy are rarely used.

(6) Tie the hemorrhoid root with a rubber band to block its blood supply and make the hemorrhoid fall off and die; It is suitable for II and III degree internal hemorrhoids, especially for giant internal hemorrhoids and fibrotic internal hemorrhoids.

2. Surgical treatment:

(1) Surgical indications are that conservative treatment is ineffective, hemorrhoid prolapse is serious, and injection treatment of internal hemorrhoids with large fibrosis is poor, complicated with anal fissure and anal fistula.

(2) The principle of operation is to restore the prolapsed anal pad by operation, and to preserve the structure of the anal pad as much as possible, so as to minimize the influence on the fine defecation control ability after operation;

(3) When there is ulcer or infection on the surface of internal hemorrhoid before operation, conservative treatment should be performed with laxatives and warm water, and surgery should be performed after the ulcer heals; Do intestinal preparation.

How is hemorrhoids caused? How to distinguish rectal cancer from hemorrhoids?

(4) Operation mode:

① Thrombotic external hemorrhoidectomy is suitable for patients whose pain has not been relieved or whose mass has not shrunk after conservative treatment.

② The traditional hemorrhoidectomy is external dissection and internal ligation.

③ Hemorrhoidectomy (Whitehead), a classic operation in textbooks, is easy to lead to anal stenosis, which is rarely used in clinic at present.

④PPH operation: prolapse and hemorrhoids with stapler. Created by Italian doctor Longo, 1998 has been popularized, and it is mainly suitable for prolapsed Ⅲ-Ⅳ mixed hemorrhoid, annular hemorrhoid and partial Ⅱ internal hemorrhoid with severe bleeding. The mechanism of PPH in the treatment of prolapsed hemorrhoids is as follows: annular resection of 2 ~ 3 cm mucosa and submucosa tissue at the lower end of rectum to restore normal anatomical structure, that is, anal cushion reflux; Submucosal tissue resection blocked the blood supply of superior hemorrhoid artery to hemorrhoid area, which made hemorrhoid shrink after operation. Compared with traditional hemorrhoidectomy, PPH has the advantages of shorter operation time, less postoperative pain, faster recovery and fewer complications, but the equipment is more expensive.

(5) Observe whether there are any complications after operation, pay attention to diet and keep the stool unobstructed.

4. The difference between rectal cancer and hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids and rectal cancer are both diseases at the end of rectum, but the damage degree of these two diseases to human health is completely different. Most of these two diseases are bloody stool, so that rectal cancer is often misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids in clinic, which delays the favorable treatment opportunity for rectal cancer patients and leads to a painful lesson of incurable diseases. According to statistics, more than 90% of rectal cancer was misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids at the initial stage. So as an ordinary person, how can we distinguish rectal cancer from hemorrhoids?

First, hemorrhoids and rectal cancer are two completely different diseases.

Hemorrhoids and rectal cancer are two completely different diseases in terms of pathogenesis and mechanism, and their harm to human body is also very different.

Anal is the end of human digestive tract, and hemorrhoid is one of the common benign diseases in this area, which can be divided into internal hemorrhoid and external hemorrhoid according to the location. So what exactly is hemorrhoids? Due to various reasons, venous congestion, congestion, pressure increase or weak vein wall in the lower rectum and anal canal lead to venous dilatation and varicose veins, which are called "hemorrhoids". People often say that hemorrhoids are external hemorrhoids, because they can be seen directly around the anus or touched by themselves. Internal hemorrhoids occur in the anus and are not visible from the body surface. Only a doctor can examine the anus. Bloody stool is the most common symptom of hemorrhoids. Most asymptomatic hemorrhoids do not need any treatment, which has little impact on people's health.

The rectum is a section of digestive tract with the length of 12 ~ 15 cm in the anus, and its end is directly connected with the anus. Don't underestimate this 12 ~ 15 cm long digestive tract. The cancer here is a common malignant tumor in gastrointestinal tract, and its incidence is second only to gastric cancer and esophageal cancer. Early detection and timely treatment of rectal cancer can be completely cured; But if not treated early, it may be life-threatening. The vast majority of patients with rectal cancer are over 40 years old, and about 15% are under 30 years old. Men are more common than women, and rectal cancer in China mostly occurs in the middle and lower rectum. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards in China, the intake of high-protein and high-fat foods has increased, and the incidence of colorectal cancer has gradually increased. Bloody stool, increased stool frequency and thin stool are common symptoms of rectal cancer.

Second, why are hemorrhoids and rectal cancer easily confused?

Because hemorrhoids and rectal cancer have similar onset sites, the most common symptom of both is hematochezia, so when some symptoms cross or are atypical, clinical diagnosis is often mixed. And misdiagnosis is not uncommon, especially when two diseases coexist. After examination, it is limited to the treatment of hemorrhoids. Without comprehensive examination, a comprehensive and correct diagnosis cannot be obtained, which may delay the diagnosis of rectal cancer and miss the best treatment opportunity.

Third, how to distinguish rectal cancer from hemorrhoids?

1. bloody stool

This symptom is common to these two diseases, especially internal hemorrhoids, which are the main reasons that affect the differential diagnosis of these two diseases. However, if we carefully observe the characteristics of hematochezia in these two diseases, we can still distinguish them preliminarily as long as we are careful.

Hemorrhoids patients with hematochezia are generally "passive" bleeding. This is because the stool grazes the affected area of hemorrhoids (varicose veins) when defecating, and most of the blood drips down after being discharged with the stool, so it is not mixed with the stool, and there is no mucus, so there is blood on the surface of the stool, and then the blood sticks to the back of the hand. The color of bloody stools is mostly bright red.

The bleeding of rectal cancer is "active" bleeding, because the surface of the tumor itself is broken, bleeding or oozing constantly. In addition, because the position of rectal cancer is often higher than that of internal hemorrhoids, when stool is stored in rectum, it will be mixed with rectal cancer bleeding, resulting in blood mixed in stool. It can be seen that bloody stool in rectal cancer is old bleeding, so the color of blood is mostly dark red or jam color, and even bloody stool turns black after a long time. At the same time, because rectal cancer destroys rectal mucosa and produces mucus secretion, as well as secondary local infection and pus, stool itself will also contain mucus and pus, also known as purulent bloody stool.

2. Age of onset

In the age of onset, the characteristics of the two diseases are also very different. Hemorrhoids can occur in people of any age, and patients with rectal cancer are mostly middle-aged people (> 40 years old) or the elderly.

3. Concurrent certificate

As mentioned above, hemorrhoids belong to varicose veins, so blood is mostly painless and intermittent, and sometimes a lump (vein) protrudes from the anus. For prolapsed hemorrhoids, fingers are very soft after pressing, and like veins in other parts of the body, they can be squeezed or pushed back to the anus. If the internal hemorrhoids prolapse for a long time, there will be pain and induration, which is because the varicose vein group has formed a thrombus.

Rectal cancer, as a solid tumor, has a fixed position and a hard texture, and generally does not appear rectocele. It is precisely because rectal cancer grows in the local part of the rectum that it will lead to the rigidity and compression of the rectal wall, which will lead to the increase of defecation times, anal dilatation, urgency in defecation, and defecation soon after defecation, but no feces are discharged or only a small amount of feces are discharged; Further growth will also lead to rectal cavity stenosis, even partial obstruction of rectum, which will lead to difficulty in defecation and thinning of stool. A few patients will also have symptoms such as abdominal pain and bloating due to intestinal obstruction. Hemorrhoids rarely cause these symptoms.

In the advanced stage of rectal cancer, it will also invade the surrounding tissues and organs, resulting in frequent urination, abdominal pain and pelvic pain. When tumors consume the human body for a long time, anemia, emaciation, fatigue and other phenomena will occur.

Fourth, check

1. Basic inspection

Digital rectal examination is the most basic, simple and effective examination method to distinguish these two diseases. This kind of examination method is that the doctor puts his finger into the anus and examines the mucosa around the rectum according to the touch of his finger, so as to get a preliminary diagnosis. If you feel a pimple inside, it may be hemorrhoids. However, if you feel that there is a cauliflower-like lump or an ulcer with a raised edge and a depressed center in the intestine, or it is complicated with intestinal stenosis; If there is blood, viscous liquid and mucus in the finger cuff after examination, rectal cancer should be highly suspected. This kind of examination method is simple and feasible in clinic. Generally speaking, finger anal examination can find more than 75% of rectal cancer, which is a common screening method. However, due to the length of the doctor's fingers, it is difficult to detect the tumor in the upper rectum.

2. Important inspection

Colonoscopy or examination should be performed for patients with rectal tumors found by rectal digital examination and patients with rectal or colon tumors with high clinical suspicion. This method of examination is to put a thin fiber optic mirror through the rectum and colon, and clearly transmit the internal situation of the intestine to the display, so that doctors can find the tumor with the naked eye and preliminarily diagnose the nature of the tumor. At the same time of colonoscopy, you can also sample the tumor through this colonoscopy, that is, biopsy. Simple sigmoidoscopy can find almost all rectal cancer, so it is called the "golden eye" for finding rectal cancer.

3. Confirm the inspection

The tumor samples obtained by colonoscopy or other examination methods are processed by necessary means, and the morphology of the obtained tissues and cells is observed under the microscope, and finally the pathological diagnosis is obtained.

In fact, as long as patients are vigilant, early detection of rectal cancer is entirely possible. Moreover, under the existing medical conditions, rectal cancer is not terrible. Many malignant tumors in colon or rectum, if diagnosed and treated early, have very satisfactory results, but the terrible thing is that they cannot be found early or misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids. Therefore, for patients with hematochezia, whether they have hemorrhoids or not, they must go to the hospital to find a doctor for examination. Patients with hemorrhoids and long-term symptoms such as hematochezia should go to the hospital for regular review. We must rule out other intestinal diseases first, and then treat them according to hemorrhoids. In the treatment of hemorrhoids, if the symptoms have not improved significantly for a long time or bloody stool appears repeatedly, it is best to ask a doctor to do a rectal digital examination and colonoscopy. The difference between hemorrhoids and rectal cancer can be basically achieved even in primary medical institutions. Clinically, the diagnosis can be made only by doing some simple examinations, such as anal finger examination, sigmoidoscopy, biopsy and so on. And the cost is not high. Don't let small hemorrhoids delay the diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer and other diseases.

5. What are the hazards of hemorrhoids?

1, leading to anemia: with hemorrhoids, there will definitely be blood in the stool, and with the continuous increase of blood loss, there will be fatigue, dizziness and memory loss. Sitting for a long time, suddenly standing up, there will be a burst of dizziness, collapse, fainting. In severe cases, the food intake will gradually decrease, abdominal distension will occur, and there will be edema in the lower abdomen.

2, leading to skin eczema: hemorrhoids prolapse, sphincter becomes slack, mucus flows out of the anus to stimulate the surrounding skin, itching, skin eczema is easy to generate.

3, leading to anal dysfunction: due to recurrent anal infection, hemorrhoids and other diseases, long-term unhealed, on the one hand, it is easy to make defecation difficult, on the other hand, it is easy to make anal incontinence.

4, leading to sepsis, toxemia, sepsis: once hemorrhoids bleed, it is possible to let bacteria, toxins, pus and thrombosis flood into the blood, causing a series of symptoms.