Literary common sense in three poems

1. Literary knowledge of Du Fu's three poems

Wang Yue is a five-character poem in modern poetry.

Its couplet is: the creator has endowed all the mysterious nature here with elegance, and? A day immediately enters dawn and dusk .. necklace: colorful clouds lave? My mind is free and easy, birds are flying around in front of my nervous eyes ... These two couplets are antithetical sentences, and there are anthropomorphic techniques in natural sentences, but this question is correct. . . . . Duality is a very common rhetorical device in metrical poems, and I don't think we should ask it.

Spring is a five-character poem in modern poetry, and bonfire refers to war.

The content of the ancient poem Li Shihao is narrative. However, according to the general genre of poetry content, it is divided into chanting things and expressing aspirations, writing scenery and lyricism, and singing history with a sense of antiquity. And the stone officer can't rely on it online.

Supplement: From the big classification, ancient poetry can be divided into classical poetry, modern poetry, ci and qu, and classical poetry can be divided into metrical poetry and quatrains. If we just want to distinguish the three poems in the question, then the first two poems can be said to be modern poems, which are different from the ancient poems in The Story of the Stone.

2. Classical Chinese knowledge of three poems

The flexible use of parts of speech in Gui Yuan Tian Ju (I) is a synonym of 1 in ancient and modern times. Ancient and modern synonyms (1) love relatives: ancient times refers to relatives at home and abroad, including parents and brothers.

Love words: in ancient times, it refers to confidence words, but now it refers to love words between men and women. (2) The farmer told Yichun that something was going to happen in the western regions: ancient farming generally refers to farming.

(3) Looking for cracks: In ancient times, it was a deep and tortuous appearance. Today, it means women are quiet and beautiful. 2. Flexible use of parts of speech (1) can be used to make Ke (please, make) happy.

Books, reading) or boating alone (4) Deliberately using music and piano books to eliminate worries (taking pleasure in …) and to please loved ones (taking pleasure in …).

3. Literary knowledge of Tang poetry

Tang poetry generally refers to poems written in the Tang Dynasty. Tang poetry is the most precious cultural heritage of the Han nationality and a pearl in the treasure house of Chinese culture, which also has great influence on the cultural development of neighboring nationalities and countries. The Tang Dynasty is considered to be the dynasty with the richest old poems in China, so it is called Tang Poetry and Song Poetry. Most of the Tang poems are included in The Complete Poems of Tang Poetry. Since the Tang Dynasty, anthologies of Tang poetry have emerged continuously, and the most widely spread is "Three Hundred Tang Poems" compiled by retired scholars in Hengtang. The creation of Tang poetry can be divided into four stages according to time: early Tang, prosperous Tang, middle Tang and late Tang. There were many poets in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Wang Wei are world-famous great poets. There are various forms of Tang poetry. There are mainly five-character poems and seven-character poems in the ancient poems of Tang Dynasty.

There are also two kinds of modern poems, one is called quatrains, and the other is called metrical poems. Quatrains and metrical poems are five words and seven words respectively. Therefore, there are basically six basic forms of Tang poetry: five-character archaic poetry, seven-character archaic poetry, five-character quatrains, seven-character quatrains, five-character rhythmic poems and seven-character rhythmic poems. Classical poetry has a wide range of requirements for rhyme and meter: in a poem, the number of sentences can be more or less, the chapters can be long or short, and the rhyme can be changed. Modern poetry has strict requirements on rhyme and meter: the number of sentences in a poem is limited, that is, four-line quatrains and eight-line meter poems. The words used in each poem have certain rules, and the rhyme cannot be changed; Rhyme also requires that the middle four sentences become antithesis. The style of ancient poetry is handed down from the previous generation, so it is also called ancient style. Modern poetry has strict rules, so some people call it metrical poetry.

Poetry Bone-Chen Ziang: His poems are full of passion, lofty in style and "Han and Wei style", which is called "poetry bone".

Poet-Wang Bo: His poems are fluent, generous and unique, so he is called a "poet".

Poet crazy-He: Because of his unrestrained and broad-minded poetry, he is called "Siming crazy" and is called "Poet crazy".

The poet's son of heaven (another way of saying it-the poet's master)-Wang Changling: His seven poems are called "the poet's son of heaven" because of their profound feelings and vague style.

Poet Fairy-Li Bai: Poets are known as "Poet Fairy" because of their rich imagination, bold style, gorgeous colors and fresh and natural language.

Poet Sage-Du Fu: His poems are closely related to current events and have profound thoughts. Broad realm, known as the "poet".

Prisoner of Poets-Meng Jiao: Poetry is painstakingly dedicated and poorly managed. Yuan Haowen once called it a "poet prisoner".

Jia Dao, the slave of poetry, is called "the slave of poetry" because he devoted his life to writing poetry and reciting it painstakingly.

Poet-Liu Yuxi: His poems are calm and dignified, and his style is natural and rough. Bai Juyi gave him the reputation of "poet".

Shi Fo-Wang Wei: Many of Wang Wei's poems are full of Zen, and Zen is used in them.

Poet-Bai Juyi: He works hard in poetry. "The drunkard's intention is not to drink, but to attract the poet's hair, and it is sad to go to the west in the afternoon." He is called a poet.

Five-character Great Wall-Liu Changqing: He is good at five-character poems, which account for 78% of all his poems, so he is called "Five-character Great Wall".

Shi Gui-Li He: His poems are good at casting ci, galloping imagination, using myths and legends to create colorful images, so they are called "Shi Gui". Poet Sage-Master of Seven Temperaments-Li Shangyin's Poetic God-Su Shi (Song)

4. What is the common sense of poetry and literature?

General knowledge of China's ancient poetry literature 1. General knowledge of poetry (1. Classification of ancient poetry) There are several different forms of classical poetry, such as ancient poetry (also known as ancient poetry and ancient style), modern poetry (also known as modern poetry and metrical poetry), ci (also known as poetry, long and short sentences, lyrics and lyrics) and qu.

Classical poetry is an ancient free poem with free form, unlimited length, infinitive (referring to miscellaneous words), no antithesis, free rhyme and so on. There are four-character ancient poems (first appeared in the Book of Songs), five-character ancient poems (matured in the Han Dynasty, such as Nineteen Ancient Poems), seven-character ancient poems (matured in the Tang Dynasty, such as the Song of Eternal Sorrow) and Yuefu poems (some titles have songs, lines, quotations, songs, songs, etc.).

Modern poetry flourished in the Tang Dynasty. In addition to the regular arrangement, it also has the positions of definite sentences, definite words, definite sounds and definite rhymes. It has two types: quatrains and metrical poems. Quatrains are divided into five-character quatrains (five-character quatrains) and seven-character quatrains (seven-character quatrains), and metrical poems are divided into five-character metrical poems (five rhymes), seven-character metrical poems (seven rhymes) and arranged rhymes.

Ci reached its peak in the Song Dynasty. According to the number of words, it can be divided into three forms: Xiao Ling (within 58 words), Zhong Diao (within 59-90 words) and Long Diao (above 9 1 word). Fixed tone, fixed sentence, fixed words and rhymes.

Qu Xingsheng was born in Yuan Dynasty, and there are two forms: Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu has two forms: poem (short tune) and divertimento (also called divertimento).

(2) Knowledge of Poetry and Music ① Ancient poetry and modern poetry are divided from the perspective of poetic rhythm. The main difference between them is that modern poetry refers to metrical poetry formed in the early Tang Dynasty, which has strict rules on the number of words, rhyme and antithesis, while classical poetry does not talk about metrical poetry, and poems before the Tang Dynasty are all classical poetry.

(2) Rhyme and quatrains (also called truncated sentences) The difference between rhymes and quatrains is mainly in the number of sentences. There are only four quatrains, which can be typed or not.

There are * * * eight metrical poems, one or two of which are head couplets, three or four are parallel couplets, five or six are neck couplets, and seven or eight are tail couplets. The first couplet and the last couplet can be couplet, but they can't be couplet, and the couplet and the neck couplet must be couplet; No matter whether it is a metrical poem or a quatrain, there are requirements for leveling.

Rhymes of more than eight sentences are excluded. (3) There is no strict difference between songs, lines and quotations of ancient poetry genre.

Generally speaking, syllables and metrical forms are relatively free, including five words, seven words and miscellaneous words, such as "The Hut is Blown by Autumn Wind", "Pipa Line" and "Li Ping Quotations". (4) Yuefu and Xinle Yuefu were originally the official names in charge of music in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and later became poetic names.

Music songs collected and created by Yuefu officials in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties are called Yuefu for short. Xinle Building was built in the early Tang Dynasty.

In the early Tang Dynasty, poets wrote Yuefu poems, except following the old poems of Yuefu in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, a few poets created new poems, which were different from the original rhyme, so they were called new Yuefu, and the name of the new Yuefu was determined by Bai Juyi. ⑤ The difference between title and epigraph: The title of a word is the embodiment of the content of the word, and epigraph is the title of the word.

Such as "Niannujiao? In Nostalgia at Red Cliff, "Nian Nujiao" is the inscription and "Nostalgia at Red Cliff" is the title, which shows that the word is a lyric and the place is "Red Cliff". A word must have a epigraph, but not necessarily a title.

A word is divided into two sections, the upper section is called "Shangque" (or "Part I") and the lower section is called "Xiaque" (or "Part II") (Que means the end of music). Sanqu Sanqu is a kind of song played in harmony, which rose in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and degenerated from words.

Style is similar to writing but freer than writing, so you can add lines to the number of words. Use spoken English more. Sanqu includes two forms: poems and sets of numbers.

Poetry contains only one tone, and the number of sets is one set of multiple tones in one tone, which is a coherent set of tones in opera or Sanqu. The number of a set of songs is uncertain, ranging from two to more. Each set of numbers takes the name of the first song as the name of the whole set of songs; The whole song must be the same palace tune, with a beginning and an end, and the end rhymes; Use "sand" at the end, and there is no rule on how many times to use it. ⑦ Yuan Zaju is a literary style developed on the basis of Zhu Gong tune in Song, Jin and Jin Dynasties, and it is a traditional opera art form integrating singing, guest singing, dancing and acting.

Generally, each book is 40% off (or 50% off or 60% off) in structure, and a "wedge" is added when necessary. Each fold is composed of several tunes in the same palace tune. Zaju can be divided into two types: Dan Ben (the lead singer of the heroine) and the last Ben (the lead singer of the hero). For example, the yuan is the script, and the third discount is the "Gong Zheng" tune. The script of Yuan Zaju is composed of "Ke", "Singing" and "Bai", in which "Ke" is the regulation of main movements, expressions and stage effects. "Singing" is the lyrics; "White" is the guest white, which can be divided into dialogue (dialogue between characters), monologue (self-narration of characters), narration (self-narration behind other characters) and white dyeing (interruption in lyrics).

The main roles of Yuan Zaju are: Dan (female role), the heroine is called, and the supporting roles are vice Dan, foreign Dan and so on. End (male role), the leading role is called the end, and the supporting role is the deputy end, the outer end and the small end. Outer (outer end), pretending to be an elderly person; Screen name, commonly known as big face, plays more roles with special personality and appearance (such as Zhang Fei and Li Kui JY); Ugliness, commonly known as small face, mostly plays a secondary role in men; Bo er who plays an old woman. Second, China ancient poetry school 1. Landscape pastoral school.

Mainly describes the quiet and carefree natural scenery, through the praise of natural scenery, or reveals the feelings of unwilling to go with the flow, or expresses the negative thoughts of seclusion and seclusion. Its representative writers are Tao Yuanming and Xie Lingyun in Jin Dynasty and Wang Wei and Meng Haoran in Tang Dynasty.

2. Frontier Poetry School. Taking frontier life and war as the theme.

Representative writers are Gao Shi and Cen Can in Tang Dynasty, as well as Wang Changling, Wang Zhihuan, William Wang and Cui Hao. 3. Free and unfettered.

As a major school of Ci in Song Dynasty, its works are bold, artistic conception is vigorous, and its ci is full of lofty sentiments and ambitions, giving people a positive force. The representative poets are mainly Su Shi and Xin Qiji, and their representative works include Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia and Xin Qiji's Yongyu Le Jing Kougubeiting Nostalgia.

4. Elegant school. As a major school in the Song Dynasty, the language of his works is beautiful and subtle, and the feelings expressed in the words are tactfully lingering, or have a relaxed and lively artistic conception, or deep bitterness. The subject matter is narrow, mostly based on personal experience, love between men and women and landscape scenery.

The representative poets are Liu Yong, Qin Guan, Li Qingzhao and Jiang Kui. Third, ancient China.

5. Literary knowledge about ancient poetry

The Controversy between Cao Gui and Zuo Zhuan was written by Zuo Qiuming, a historian of Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period.

Born in sorrow and died in happiness is selected from Mencius' Gao Zi Xia Dynasty: Pre-Qin Dynasty. Author: Mencius and his disciples.

Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is a Preface to Peach Blossom Garden Poetry, which is selected from Tao Yuanming's Collection.

The Story of Little Stone Pond is the work of Liu Zongyuan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The work originated from Liuhe East Collection.

The Story of Yueyang Tower comes from Fan Zhongyan's Fan Wenzheng Gongji in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The Analects of Confucius was jointly compiled by Confucius' disciples and his disciples, and was written in the Han Dynasty.

"Humble Room Inscription" is selected from 608 episodes of "Quantang Wen" written by Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty.

Guo Fengqin Feng Jiajian is one of the Book of Songs in the Spring and Autumn Period, and its author is anonymous.

Viewing the sea was written by Cao Cao in the 12th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 207). Walking out of Xiamen to view the sea was selected from Yuefu poems.

Building a house by drinking in a humanistic environment is the fifth in a series of poems by Tao Yuanming, a great poet in Jin Dynasty.

6. Literary knowledge of poetry

China ancient poetry culture originated from sacrificial ceremonies, sprouted from folk songs and flourished in chanting records.

Unfortunately, the earliest extant collection of poems is The Book of Songs. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period, it evolved into a Sao style, simple and profound, which is a unique branch of pre-Qin poetry culture.

With the death of Qin and Han, Yuefu flourished and the poetry garden was renewed. When I entered Wei, I heard five words, especially the brilliant creation of "three sons of Cao" and "seven sons of Jian 'an".

At the turn of Wei and Jin dynasties, there were "seven sages of bamboo forest"; There were three Zhang, two Lu, two Pan, one Zuo in the Western Jin Dynasty, and one in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. During this period, the realm and vision of poetry were broadened, and singing became more and more popular.

Things have changed, and the years have passed to the Song and Qi Dynasties in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. There are four characters, five characters, six characters and seven characters, among which "Big and Small Xie", "The Ancestor of Seven Characters" and "Eight Friends of Jingling" stand out, with pastoral poems and landscape poems as the mainstay, beautiful and elegant, and Qi Liang style can be called the exclusive spring scenery before the Tang Dynasty. The prosperous Tang Dynasty is also a prosperous time for poetry. The poetic work, the beauty of rhyme, the refinement of every sentence and the breadth of artistic conception are really the pinnacle! However, although Du Li was crowned as a "poet saint", there are still stars shining through the ages! There are words in the poem, which have been seen in the northern and southern dynasties, and prevailed in the teaching workshop in the late Tang Dynasty. As for Da Song, it gradually jumped out of the string and became a ups and downs poem, which is unique in the history of poetry. Compared with poetry, ci has more extension and inheritance, and also shows hearty lyricism.

There are thousands of Ci poets in Song Dynasty, and Yan Xin is the most outstanding one. In addition, it is true that there are thousands of epigrams rhyming, but it is not ancient to the predecessors, and later generations often tie their hands and feet and become the wind of lyrics.

The interpretation of poetry in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties more and more catered to the needs of folk entertainment. As a result, "Street Melody" and "Country Square Minor" were very popular and eventually blossomed and became a wonderful song. There is a saying: there are no poems after the Tang Dynasty and no words after the Song Dynasty.

Generally speaking, this is a generalized theory of poetic realm; In a narrow sense, not necessarily. Gao Qi's poems in Ming Dynasty have the brilliance of Han and Wei Dynasties and the beauty of Tang and Song Dynasties, which is quite a model of connecting the past with the future.

Sighing that the green hills are there, writing is a taboo, risking embarrassment, and suffering from waist-cutting in the prime of life. It is better to say that there is no poetry after the literary inquisition than after the Tang Dynasty.

As for the Qing Dynasty, there were many poets and countless poems, but most of them were smoked in the slippery air of princes, lacking character and few people handed down masterpieces. There are more than 10 thousand poems, but I haven't seen one or two. What can I say? However, it is Gong Zizhen and Banqiao who can admire integrity.

7. Literary common sense of poetry and songs

Poetry is one of the basic literary genres, which originated from religion. There is another form, which comes from labor. The most essential feature of poetry is lyrical beauty.

Ci is a new stylistic word that appeared in the Tang Dynasty. Also known as tune words, long and short words and redundant poems. It is a poem full of Yan music.

Qu, the abbreviation of Yuanqu, is one of the famous literary genres in the history of China literature. Yuanqu is a combination of Yuan Zaju and Sanqu. People generally think that it refers to Yuanqu, but in fact it is a generalized opera. The art of traditional Chinese opera occupies a very important position in China literature and even in the whole cultural history of China, and its achievements are no less than poetry, ci and fu.

According to the needs of different content expression, the ancients created three types of poetry styles: poetry, ci and qu, each with its own strong points, which can be described as the same strain and strong points. Poetry is the earliest literary style of any nation, and so is China. Since the Book of Songs, the history of poetry development has been thousands of years, and the form of poetry is difficult to describe. Generally speaking, poetry can be divided into classical poetry with less emphasis on meter and modern poetry with more emphasis on meter. There are other ancient poems, such as Shijing style, Chuci style, Yuefu style (ancient Yuefu, new Yuefu), folk song style, seven-character ancient poems, five-character ancient poems and so on. This difference is different not only in time, but also in form. Their general characteristics are simple and dignified, direct reflection of reality and freedom of expression. Modern poetry includes five-character or seven-character poems and five-character or seven-character quatrains. Their general characteristics are conciseness, gracefulness, implication, indirect reflection of reality, rigorous meter, great leap from poem to poem, and quatrains emphasize ethereal charm. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, Ci, a new poetic style, began to appear and developed rapidly, keeping pace with poetry. Words are more subtle, more exquisite in form and more harmonious in tone than poems, because they are sung by women at banquets. Ci is divided into poem, middle tune and long tune. Poetry is exquisite and light, ethereal and meaningful, and has a long charm; The middle tune is similar to the seven-character modern poetry in scale, which is divided into two parts, but it pays attention to change, seeing implication in simplicity and seeing the whole in separation; Long tune is also called slow character, because the beat is slow and the length is long when singing. Due to the length and capacity of the long tune (The Preface to Birds is the longest, with 256 words), poets can give full play to their talents, narrate, express feelings, write scenes, argue calmly, and pay attention to the turning point and structural changes, so as to achieve unity. The songs that appeared in Yuan Dynasty (Yuan Qu is divided into drama and Sanqu, the former refers to the lyrics in zaju, and here refers to the latter), although they are sung with music and developed with words, they have a unique flavor. Different styles of poems and songs are just like people's different costumes to meet the needs of different seasons and aesthetics. Recognizing this and reading again, we cannot but admire the wisdom of the ancients in creating different poetic styles. The ancients have long recognized the difference between the three and discussed it many times. However, some of them are too abstract. For example, Wang Guowei believes that "the realm of poetry is wide and the words are long"; Some of them are too intuitive. For example, Wang Shizhen took Yan Shu's words, "I can't help falling flowers, and I feel familiar with Yan's return" and Tang Xianzu's lyrics, "What a beautiful day, who is happy?" Give an example to illustrate the difference between words and songs; Some of them are too simple. For example, Li Yu thinks that the word "is not like poetry in the world, not like music in the world, but stands in the middle". In fact, the differences between the three are reflected in the theme, artistic conception, style, techniques and forms.

8. What are the common literary knowledge of poetry?

1. The first female poet was Cai Yan (Wen Xi).

The first poetess was Li Qingzhao.

3. The first dictionary is Erya.

The first encyclopedia was Yongle Dadian.

5. The first book of poetry is The Book of Songs.

6. The first anthology: Zhao Ming Anthology

7. The first dictionary: Explain Chinese characters by explaining them.

8. The first collection of myths: Shan Hai Jing

9. China's first collection of classical novels: Shi Shuo Xin Yu

10. The first collection of strange stories in classical Chinese, Search for Ji Shen.

1 1. The first bibliography: The Analects of Confucius

The First Biography: Historical Records

12. The first chronicle book is: Spring and Autumn Period.

13. The first dynastic history: Hanshu

14. The first art book: The Art of War by Sun Tzu

15. Part II Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Xiangru

16. Yuefu Shuangbi: Mulan word Peacock flies southeast, and chanting is the three wonders of Yuefu.

17. A mirror of historical records.

18. Erpai: the first moment of surprise, the second moment of surprise (Ling Mengchu)

19. Da Du Li: Li Bai Du Fu Xiao Du Li: Li Shangyin Du Mu

20. Gemini in China's modern literary world: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo.

2 1. Three Immortals: Lide made meritorious service.

22. Three generations: Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties

23. Three biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals: Zuo Zhuan, Ram Zhuan and Gu Liang Zhuan.

24. Three Kings: Yu Xia, Duke of Shang Tang.

25. Sanshan: Yingzhou, the abbot of Penglai.

26. Three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism

27. Sangong: During the week, Sima Situpu was ordinary.

In the Western Han Dynasty, Prime Minister Qiu was a doctor.

Qingming, Taishi, Taifu Taibao

28. Three Caos: Cao Cao and Cao Pizhi

29. Three elements of public security: Yuan Zhongdao, Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Zongdao.

30. Sangu Building in Jiangnan: Yueyang Building in Hunan, Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and Wangtengting Pavilion in Nanchang.

3 1. Three friends in the cold year: Songzhumei

32. Sanfu: Zuo Fengyi, You Fufeng and Jing.

33. The three elements of scientific research: the first after having obtained the provincial examination, the first after winning the exam, the first in palace examination, and the first in the school (Huiyuan, champion).

34. the palace exam is three-fixed: the champion first explores flowers.

35. The three quintessences of China: Peking Opera, Chinese Medicine and Chinese Painting.

36. Three words: Yu Shiming's words of warning and awakening the world (Feng Menglong)

37. Confucian Classic Three Rites: The Book of Rites of Zhou Li and Yi Li.

38. Three officials: Xin 'an official, Shi Haoguan and Tongguan official.

39. Three Farewells: Don't get old and homeless when you get married.

40. Guo Moruo's "Goddess" trilogy-the rebirth of Guo Xiang Tang Di's "Flower of the Goddess"

4 1. Mao Dun's "Erosion" Trilogy: The Pursuit of Disillusionment and Shake

Rural trilogy: Spring Silkworm Harvest in Autumn and Remaining Winter

42. Ba Jin's Trilogy of "Love": Fog, Rain and Electricity

Riptide trilogy: Spring and Autumn Homeland

43. The first national history: Mandarin

44. The first album recording the words and deeds of counselors and military strategists: National Policy and Warring States Policy.

45. The first historical prose with the theme of personal words and deeds: Yan Zi Chun Qiu.

46. The first great patriotic poet: Qu Yuan

47. The first narrative poem: Peacock Flying Southeast (357 sentences, 1785 words).

48. The first monograph on literary criticism-"Dian Lun Paper" (Cao Pi)

49. The first pastoral poet: Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming

50. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Liu Xie, a native of A Liang, wrote his first monograph on literary theory and criticism, Wen Xin Diao Long.

5 1. The first monograph on poetry theory and criticism & Zhong Rong's Poems, born in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.