The correct description of pharyngeal isthmus is

The correct description of pharyngeal isthmus is that the lower bound is the root of tongue.

The pharyngeal isthmus is a narrow place surrounded by the palatal lobe, the free edge of the palatal sail, the palatal and lingual arches on both sides and the base of the tongue, which is called the pharyngeal isthmus. It is the opening of the mouth and the boundary between the mouth and throat.

angina pectoris

Angina is an acute inflammation that occurs in the pharyngeal isthmus, and it is a special type of pharyngitis. Pharyngeal isthmus refers to the annular structure on the vertical plane of pharynx. The upper part is the free edge of uvula and bilateral soft palate, the lower part is the root of tongue, and the left and right surfaces are palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch. These four structures are isomorphic to form an annular narrow part called pharyngeal isthmus.

Angina pectoris can be caused by bacteria, viruses and other germs, manifested as sore throat, dry throat, foreign body sensation, herpes, ulcers and so on. , similar to acute tonsillitis.

There are several special types of angina pectoris.

1. Herpes angina in children is mainly caused by infection of enterovirus Kosac group virus. It is characterized by sudden onset of fever and sore throat, mucosal redness and peripheral characteristic herpes zoster.

2. Fanshang angina, also known as ulcerative pharyngitis or ulcerative tonsillitis, is a subacute tonsillitis infected by Fusobacterium and spirulina Fanshang, which is characterized by obvious localized inflammatory reaction and ulcer formation.

Streptococcal angina meningitis

Streptococcus angina pectoris is an unclassified streptococcus, which is considered as a synonym for Streptococcus miller. There are β hemolytic and non β hemolytic strains. Non-β hemolysis has the same Lancefield antigen and belongs to green streptococcus. There are three kinds of streptococcus, namely, Streptococcus Miller, Streptococcus intermedia and Streptococcus Constellation.

Streptococcus viridis is generally a conditional pathogen, and specimens in non-sterile areas are generally not identified. Streptococcus angina was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid, especially the first smear staining of cerebrospinal fluid. Under the microscope, nearly all fields of vision and 100% gram-positive cocci were found, which were rare.

Infection of anterior pharyngeal space after tooth extraction

After routine tooth extraction, infection of tooth extraction wound is rare. Most of them are chronic infections caused by foreign bodies such as dental chips, bone chips and tartar and residual granulation tissue. Acute infection after tooth extraction mainly occurs after mandibular wisdom teeth are extracted, especially after tooth extraction and improper treatment during acute inflammation. The anterior pharyngeal isthmus space is a loose submucosal space, which is located on the lower posterior side of the lingual side of the mandibular third molar.

The main symptoms of interstitial infection are limited opening and swallowing pain. Because the location is hidden, it is often misdiagnosed as postoperative reaction, which makes the condition not heal for a long time. When severe mouth opening limitation and swallowing pain occur after tooth extraction, attention should be paid to the examination of the lower back of the tongue side after tooth extraction. If there is obvious tenderness, correct diagnosis should be paid attention to.

If there is pus at the puncture site and abscess is formed, the mucosa should be cut along the direction of lingual nerve, separated into pus cavity and drained; Combined use of antibacterial drugs. If the diagnosis is incorrect and the treatment is delayed, the infection will spread to the submandibular space and parapharyngeal space. This case reminds us that for patients with acute pericoronitis, we should choose the right time for tooth extraction;

When extracting impacted teeth, X-rays should be taken to analyze the resistance involved in tooth extraction and evaluate the difficulty of tooth extraction. Choose anesthesia method and operate strictly during operation; Correctly analyze the reaction of patients after tooth extraction, carefully check, correctly diagnose and deal with it in time and effectively. At the same time, do a good job in explaining patients, eliminate patients' nervousness, do a good job in psychological care and better cooperate with treatment.