Galileo galilei constellation _ Galileo constellation.

Galileo galilei (1February 56415 ~1June 5438+0.8) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer at the age of 77. Founder of modern natural science in Europe.

Galileo is called "the father of observational astronomy", "the father of modern physics", "the father of scientific method" and "the father of modern science".

Galileo studied the principles of speed and acceleration, gravity and free fall, relativity, inertia and projectile motion, engaged in applied science and technology research, described the essence of pendulum and "still water balance", invented thermometers and various military compasses, and used telescopes for celestial scientific observation.

His contributions to observational astronomy include confirming the phase of Venus with a telescope, discovering Jupiter's four largest satellites, observing Saturn's rings and analyzing sunspots.

Galileo's advocacy of Heliocentrism and Copernicus has always been controversial in his life, when most people were in favor of geocentric models (such as Tycho system). He was opposed by astronomers who doubted Heliocentrism because of the lack of stellar parallax.

This incident was investigated by the Roman Inquisition in 16 15, and the conclusion was that Heliocentrism was "stupid and absurd in philosophy and heretical in form, because it obviously violated the rule of the Pope in many places".

Galileo later defended his views in Dialogue between Two World Systems (1632), which seemed to be attacking Pope urban VIII, thus alienating him and the Jesuits who had always supported Galileo. He was tried by the Inquisition and was found to be "strongly suspected of heresy" and forced to retreat.

He spent the rest of his life under house arrest. During his house arrest, he wrote two new sciences, which summed up his work in two sciences now called kinematics and material strength forty years ago.

Extended data

John Heilbron, a historian of science, recently published a book called "The Sun in the Church", which recorded how the church continued to promote the study of Heliocentrism evidence after the Galileo incident. It even includes turning the whole church into a huge pinhole imaging camera and measuring the change of apparent diameter of the sun's circular surface several times a year.

Due to mathematical reasons, the diameter change of the sun's apparent circle calculated by Copernicus system is slightly different from that calculated by Ptolemy-Aristotle system. The observation experiments conducted by 65438+ Church in 1950s and 1960s showed that the measurement results obviously supported Copernicus' theory.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Galileo Event

Baidu Encyclopedia-Galileo Galileo