Who is von Neumann?

The basic working principle of the computer used now is stored program and program control, which was put forward by the world famous mathematician von Neumann. Von Neumann, a Hungarian-born American mathematician, is called "the father of computers".

Johnvonnouma (1903-1957), a Hungarian American, was born in Budapest, Hungary on February 28th, 1903. His father is a banker and his family is well-off, so he attaches great importance to his children's education. Von Neumann was brilliant since he was a child, with a wide range of interests and unforgettable reading memory. It is said that he has mastered seven languages in his life. At the age of six, he was able to chat with his father in ancient Greek, of which German was the best. He can quickly repeat the contents of books and papers he has read word for word, and he still does so a few years later. 1911-1921von Neumann made his mark when he was studying in Lu Se Lun Middle School in Budapest, and was highly valued by teachers. Under the individual guidance of Mr Fichte, they jointly published the first mathematical paper. At this time, von Neumann was less than 18 years old. He studied at the University of Zurich 192 1 to 1923. 1926, he obtained a doctorate in mathematics from Budapest University with honors, when von Neumann was only 22 years old. From 1927 to 1929, von Neumann was a mathematics lecturer at the University of Berlin and the University of Hamburg. 1930 accepted the position of visiting professor at Princeton University, and 193 1 became a tenured professor at this school. 1933 transferred to the Institute of Advanced Studies, became one of the first six professors, and worked there all his life. Von Neumann is an honorary doctor of Princeton University, University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University, Istanbul University, University of Maryland, Columbia University and Munich Institute of Advanced Technology. He is home to the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, the National Academy of Natural Sciences of Peru and the National Forestry Institute of Italy. From 65438 to 0954, he served as a member of the American Atomic Energy Commission. 195 1 to 1953, President of the American Mathematical Society.

1954 In the summer, von Neumann was diagnosed with cancer. 1957 died in Washington on February 8, at the age of 54.

1954 The birth of electronic computer is an important milestone on the road of human intellectual liberation, and it is called the symbol of modern new industrial revolution by western economists. Von Neumann, a Hungarian-born American mathematician, is called "the father of computers". The basic working principle of the computer used now is stored program and program control, which was put forward by the world famous mathematician von Neumann.

Johnvonnouma (1903-1957), a Hungarian American, was born in Budapest, Hungary on February 28th, 1903. His father is a banker and his family is well-off, so he attaches great importance to his children's education. Von Neumann was brilliant since he was a child, with a wide range of interests and unforgettable reading memory. It is said that he has mastered seven languages in his life. At the age of six, he was able to chat with his father in ancient Greek, of which German was the best. He can quickly repeat the contents of books and papers he has read word for word, and he still does so a few years later. 1911-1921von Neumann made his mark when he was studying in Lu Se Lun Middle School in Budapest, and was highly valued by teachers. Under the individual guidance of Mr Fichte, they jointly published the first mathematical paper. At this time, von Neumann was less than 18 years old. He studied at the University of Zurich 192 1 to 1923. 1926, he obtained a doctorate in mathematics from Budapest University with honors, when von Neumann was only 22 years old. From 1927 to 1929, von Neumann was a mathematics lecturer at the University of Berlin and the University of Hamburg. 1930 accepted the position of visiting professor at Princeton University, and 193 1 became a tenured professor at this school. 1933 transferred to the Institute of Advanced Studies, became one of the first six professors, and worked there all his life. Von Neumann is an honorary doctor of Princeton University, University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University, Istanbul University, University of Maryland, Columbia University and Munich Institute of Advanced Technology. He is home to the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, the National Academy of Natural Sciences of Peru and the National Forestry Institute of Italy. From 65438 to 0954, he served as a member of the American Atomic Energy Commission. 195 1 to 1953, President of the American Mathematical Society.

1954 In the summer, von Neumann was diagnosed with cancer. 1957 died in Washington on February 8, at the age of 54.

Von Neumann has done pioneering work and made great contributions in many fields of mathematics. Before World War II, he mainly engaged in the research of operator theory, nose theory and set theory. 1923, he made a paper on the over-limit ordinal number in set theory, which showed von Neumann's unique way and style of dealing with the problem of set theory. He axiomatized set theory, and his axiomatic system laid the foundation of axiomatic set theory. Starting from axioms, he deduced many important concepts, basic operations and important theorems in set theory by algebraic methods. Especially in a paper from 65438 to 0925, von Neumann pointed out that there are undecidable propositions in any axiomatic system.

1933, von Neumann solved Hilbert's fifth problem, that is, he proved that a locally Euclidean compact group is a Lie group. 1934, he unified the compact group theory and Bohr's almost periodic function theory. He also has a deep understanding of the structure of general topological groups, and makes it clear that its algebraic structure and topological structure are consistent with real numbers. He did pioneering work on his subalgebra, but did not define its theoretical basis, thus establishing a new branch of mathematics-operator algebra. This branch is called von Neumann algebra in contemporary mathematical literature. This is a natural generalization of matrix algebra in finite dimensional space. Von Neumann also founded another important branch of modern mathematics-game theory. 1944 published a fundamental and important paper, Game Theory and Economic Behavior. This paper includes the explanation of pure mathematical form of game theory and the detailed explanation of practical game application. This paper also contains teaching ideas such as statistical theory. Von Neumann has done important work in lattice theory, continuous geometry, theoretical physics, dynamics, continuum mechanics, meteorological calculation, atomic energy and economics.

Von Neumann's greatest contribution to mankind is his pioneering work in computer science, computer technology and numerical analysis.

Now it is generally believed that ENIAC is the first electronic computer in the world. Developed by American scientists, February 1946 began to run in Philadelphia. In fact, the "Crosas" computer developed by British scientists such as Tommy and Fei Rauls is more than two years earlier than ENIAC computer. It started running in blakely Park on June1944+1October 10. ENIAC machine proves that electronic vacuum technology can greatly improve computing technology. But the ENIAC machine itself has two major shortcomings: (1) has no memory; (2) It is controlled by the wiring board, and even needs to be connected to the sky, so the calculation speed is offset by this work. Moakley and eckert of ENIAC Machine Development Group obviously felt this, and they also wanted to start developing another computer as soon as possible in order to improve it.

Von Neumann was introduced to Eniac Machine Development Group by Captain Golds Ding, and then he led this group of innovative young scientific and technological personnel to a higher goal. 1948+0945, on the basis of discussion, a brand-new "stored program general electronic computer scheme" was published, named EDVAC (abbreviation of electronic discrete variable automatic computer). In this process, von Neumann showed his strong basic knowledge of mathematics and physics, and gave full play to his advisory role and his ability to explore problems and analyze comprehensively.

The EDVAC scheme clearly establishes that the new machine consists of five parts: arithmetic unit, logic control device, memory and input/output device, and describes the functions and relationships of these five parts. EDVAC machine has two remarkable improvements, namely: (1) it uses binary, not only data, but also instructions; (2) After the stored program is established, instructions and data can be put in the memory together and processed in the same way, which simplifies the structure of the computer and greatly improves the speed of the computer. During July and August of 2008+0946, when von Neumann, Goldstein and Boxer developed IAS computer for the Institute of Advanced Studies of Princeton University on the basis of the EDVAC scheme, they put forward a more perfect design report, Preliminary Study on Logic Design of Electronic Computer. These two documents with both theory and concrete design have set off a "computer craze" all over the world for the first time. Their comprehensive design idea is the famous "von Neumann machine", and its center is the stored program.

In principle, instructions and data are stored together. This concept is called "a milestone in the history of computer development". It marks the real beginning of the electronic computer era and guides the future computer design. Everything in nature is constantly developing. With the progress of science and technology, today people realize that the deficiency of "von Neumann Machine" hinders the further improvement of computer speed, and put forward the idea of "non-von Neumann Machine". Von Neumann won the Potzer Prize of American Mathematical Society in 1937; 1947 won the US Presidential Medal of Meritorious Service and the US Navy Outstanding Citizen Service Award; 1956 was awarded the Medal of Freedom, Einstein Memorial Award and Fermi Award by the President of the United States.

After von Neumann's death, this unfinished manuscript was published in the name of computer and human brain in 1958. His major works are included in the six-volume Complete Works of von Neumann and published in 196 1.