Geographical survey report

National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Land and Resources

National agricultural census office

Bulletin of main data results of land use survey

According to the decision of the State Council, the national land use survey started in 1984 was completed in 1996, and the data results were unified at the same time point 1996+00+3 1. This survey organized more than 500,000 professionals all over the country, and used aerial remote sensing data, large-scale topographic maps and field surveys to find out the accurate land data of each plot. Gradually summarize the types, quantity and distribution of land in China. The agricultural land area census is one of the important contents of the national agricultural census. This survey is based on the original data of national detailed land survey, and the data of cultivated land area in sub-administrative villages are obtained through land change survey. This great achievement provides an important basis for making national economic and social development plans, making relevant policies and making scientific decisions.

All regions and departments should use the published land survey data in planning and planning; The conversion and requisition of agricultural land should be based on the land type and area determined by the investigation of land use status. According to the results of the national land survey, the existing policies related to farmers' burden, such as rural land contracting and agricultural tax, will not be adjusted after the data of the national land use status are changed.

First, the area of the main land types in the countries under investigation.

Cultivated land: 130039200 hectares (19438+0 million mu).

Among them, the cultivated land with a slope greater than 25 degrees is 60710.5 million hectares (0.9 1 100 million mu).

Park: 10023800 hectares (65438+50 million mu)

Woodland: 227,608,700 hectares (3,465,438 mu+400,000 mu)

Grassland: 266.0648 million hectares (39.438+0 billion mu)

Residential area and industrial and mining land: 24,075,300 hectares (366,543.8+0,000 mu)

Traffic land: 5,467,700 hectares (82 million mu).

Others are waters and unused land.

Second, the distribution and quality of cultivated land in China

(1) Total cultivated land area

The cultivated land area for planting crops in China includes newly opened wasteland, leisure land, rotation land and grass field rotation land; Land mainly for planting sporadic fruit trees, mulberry trees or other trees; Breeding beaches for more than three years. Cultivated land includes ditches, canals, roads and ridges with a width of less than 1.0m in the south and less than 2.0m in the north. According to the summary results, as of June 365438+1October 365438+1October 365438, the cultivated land area in China is 130039200 hectares (1955438+billion mu). From the eastern, central and western regions, the cultivated land area in the eastern and western regions is less, accounting for 28.4% respectively, and the central region is more, accounting for 4.32% (see table 1).

(B) Cultivated land quality structure

In China's arable land area, the cultivated land with steep slope greater than 25 degrees is 607 1.5 million hectares (0.9/kloc-0.0 million mu). As far as the eastern, central and western regions are concerned, the cultivated land with steep slopes above 25 degrees is mainly distributed in the western region (see Table 2). According to the relevant regulations of the state, cultivated land with steep slopes of more than 25 degrees should be gradually returned to forests and grasslands in a planned way to improve the ecological environment.

Table 1 Distribution of Cultivated Land in East, Central and West China

region

agricultural acreage

National proportion (%)

Ten thousand hectares

ten thousand mu

east

3695.59

55433.83

28.4

inland

56 1 1.89

84 178.33

43.2

The west of the country.

3696.45

55446.68

28.4

Table 2 Cultivated land area with slope above 25 degrees in eastern, central and western regions

region

agricultural acreage

National proportion (%)

Ten thousand hectares

ten thousand mu

east

38.67

580.00

6.4

inland

104.00

1560.00

17. 1

The west of the country.

464.00

6960.00

76.5

In the cultivated land area, the proportion of cultivated land without irrigation facilities is higher than that with irrigation facilities, accounting for 60.2% and 39.8% respectively; As far as the eastern, central and western regions are concerned, the proportion of irrigation facilities in the eastern region is significant, and the proportion of non-irrigation facilities in the central and western regions is significant (see Table 3).

Table 3 Proportion of cultivated land with irrigation facilities and without irrigation facilities in the eastern, central and western regions of China.

Proportion of cultivated land with irrigation facilities (%)

Proportion of cultivated land without irrigation facilities (%)

east

57.7

42.3

inland

32.9

67. 1

The west of the country.

32.4

67.6

Third, the basic national conditions of land have not changed, and it is still a long-term task to implement the basic national policy of "cherishing land very much, rationally utilizing land and effectively protecting cultivated land"

In the land area survey, the "customary mu", which is widely used in the measurement of cultivated land area but has different standards, is unified into international and domestic hectares and municipal mu standards. At the same time, the concept and caliber range of cultivated land have also been standardized, including the area of ditches, canals, roads and fields with a width of two meters in the north and less than one meter in the south. The national survey of cultivated land area is 35.0683 million hectares (526 million mu) larger than the regular statistical annual report, which is mainly the measurement unit and statistical caliber specification of cultivated land area data. The data is accurate, but the actual cultivated land has not increased.

In terms of per capita arable land, the per capita arable land area in China is 0. 106 hectares (1.59 mu), which is less than half of the world average, and the regional distribution is very uneven. There are 12 provinces with per capita arable land exceeding 0. 13 hectares (2 mu), which are mainly distributed in areas with poor natural conditions and low grain output such as northeast, northwest and southwest. Seven provinces (cities, districts) with per capita arable land less than 0.067 hectares (1 mu) are mainly distributed in the southeast coast and three municipalities directly under the central government, namely Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. These areas have good natural conditions and high grain output, but they are also areas where cultivated land is greatly reduced.

China has a large population, less arable land per capita, and insufficient arable land reserve resources. This is an important feature of China's national conditions. Therefore, it is a basic national policy that China must adhere to for a long time to "cherish and rationally use land and effectively protect cultivated land". Strictly controlling the scale of construction land and realizing the dynamic balance of total cultivated land is an important measure and goal for us to implement the basic national policy at present.

References:

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