What is the stage and corresponding basis for determining the investment in construction projects?

What is the stage and corresponding basis for determining the investment in construction projects? Investment in construction projects includes fixed assets investment and current assets investment.

The fixed assets investment in the total investment of a construction project is equal to the engineering cost of the construction project in quantity.

Suggestions on how to determine the project cost in each stage of construction;

1, according to the construction contract (mainly);

2, according to the tender documents (mainly);

3, according to the bidding documents and bidding problems (mainly);

4, according to the engineering change, engineering visa (secondary), this part is adjusted in the completion settlement;

2. Please describe the project construction procedure. What are the valuation documents corresponding to each stage of project construction? Generally speaking, all relevant documents related to "money" at all stages of the project belong to this category. For example, the budget table in the design documents, the inquiry sheet and quotation sheet in the bidding stage, the price list in the contract signing stage, the material balance table in the construction stage, the settlement table in the acceptance stage, the final account table in the audit stage, letters, faxes and original records of funds during the contract performance. I don't know if this answer is what you want.

Birthdays at different stages and their corresponding constellations? Divide into twelve constellations first.

Aries March 2 1-April 21

Taurus April 2 1-May 21

Gemini May 22nd-June 2nd1

Cancer June 22-July 22

Leo July 23-August 23

Virgo August 24-September 22

Libra September 23rd-65438+1October 23rd.

Scorpio 65438+1October 24th-165438+1October 22nd.

Sagittarius165438+1October 23rd-65438+February 2nd1.

Capricorn 65438+February 22nd-065438+1October 20th

Aquarius 065438+1October 21-February 18

Pisces February19-March 20

At the same time, the twelve constellations are divided into forty-eight star regions.

Date of birth, star name, star description

03. 19-03.24 The boundaries of freshmen in Pisces and Aries.

Aries Children Week 03.25-04.02

04.03-04. 10 Aries Double Star Week

04.11-04.18 Three Pioneers Week in Aries

Strength boundary of Aries Taurus

Taurus week 04.25-05.02

05.03-05. 10 Teacher Jinniu's Week

Three weeks of innocence in Taurus

The dividing line between Taurus and Gemini vitality

Gemini: A Week of Freedom

Two new languages of Gemini

06.11-06.18 Gemini III's Week of Pursuit

06.65438+

06.25-07.02 Cancer Empathy Week

07.03-07. 10 Cancer of both sexes once a week

Cancer's three lobbyists every week

07. 19-07.25 Junction of Cancer and Leo Swing.

Leo's authoritative week

08.03-08. 10 Leo Two-Force Balance Week

08.11-08.18 One week is led by Leo III.

The Open Boundaries of Virgo the Lion

Virgo has a regular week.

Virgo's mysterious two weeks

A week for Virgo Trilogy lovers.

09. 19-09.24 boundary of virgo and Libra beauty

A week of Libra perfectionism

Libra two social weeks

10.1110.18 libra trilogy in one week.

10.19-10.25 the boundary between drama and criticism of Libra and Scorpio.

Scorpio has had a strong week.

11.03-11.1Scorpio two profound weeks.

11.12-11.18 Scorpio three charm weeks

11.19-11.24 The boundary of Sagittarius reform.

11.25-12.02 Sagittarius is an independent week.

12.03-12.10 Sagittarius 2 weeks

12.11-kloc-0/2.18 A week for the Sagittarius Big Three.

12.19-12.25 The junction of Sagittarius and Capricorn Prophet.

12.26-0 1.02 Capricorn is the king's week.

0 1.03-0 1.09 Capricorn Second Resolution Week

01.10-01.16 Capricorn week.

01.17-01.22 Capricorn Aquarius mysterious fantasy boundary.

Aquarius: A Week of Genius

Two weeks of youth and freedom in Aquarius

Aquarius 3 acceptance week

Aquarius Pisces sensitive junction

Pisces: a week of the soul

A week of two lonely wanderers in Pisces

A week of three Pisces dancers and dreamers

Details are limited in words. Take a slow look at this website. It is very detailed.

: Haibao. /forum/board/9/ 1 1279/

Briefly describe the characteristics of target control in each stage of construction project, and the characteristics of design stage and construction stage of construction project.

1. Features in the design stage

(1) The design work shows creative mental work. There is no necessary connection between the input of design labor and the quality of design products.

(2) The design stage is the main stage that determines the value and use value of the construction project. In the design stage, the value of the whole construction project can be basically determined, and its accuracy depends on the depth of design and the perfection of design documents.

(3) The design stage is the key stage that affects the investment degree of construction projects. The "degree of influence on investment" mentioned here cannot be understood only from the absolute amount of investment, and it cannot be concluded that the less investment, the better the design effect. The so-called investment saving is understood from the perspective of value engineering and life cycle cost, compared with the specific function and use value realized by construction project design.

(4) The design work needs to be coordinated repeatedly. First of all, the design of architectural engineering involves many different professional fields, which need to be coordinated repeatedly among the professional designs; Secondly, in the design process, different design stages need to be coordinated repeatedly, which may be the coordination between the same profession or different professions; Thirdly, it is necessary to coordinate with external environmental factors repeatedly, mainly involving the coordination with the owner's needs and the approval of relevant departments.

(5) The design quality has a decisive influence on the overall quality of the construction project. In the design stage, the quality requirements, functions, use value and quality requirements of the engineering entity have been determined through the design work, and the engineering content and construction scheme are also very clear.

2. The characteristics of the construction stage

(1) The construction stage is mainly the stage of implementing the plan. When entering the construction stage, the target planning and planning of the construction project are basically completed, and the remaining main work is to adjust and improve the plan with control. Therefore, the construction stage is mainly based on the implementation plan.

(2) The construction stage is the main stage to realize the value and use value of the construction project. The value of construction projects is mainly formed in the process of construction, including transfer value, living labor value or added value.

Construction is the process of forming the entity of construction project and realizing the use value of construction project. Architecture refers to the material production activities that turn the building object from imagination into reality and from "paper products" into practical use according to design drawings and relevant design documents.

(3) The construction stage is the stage with the largest capital investment. The formation process of construction project value is also the process of continuous investment of funds. Although the investment in the construction stage is only about 10%, it is still possible to reduce the consumption of materialized labor and living labor by optimizing the construction scheme on the premise of ensuring the construction quality and realizing the functions and use value specified in the design, thus reducing the investment in construction projects.

(4) There are many contents that need to be coordinated in the construction stage.

(5) The construction quality can guarantee the overall quality of the construction project. Whether or not the design quality can be realized depends on the construction quality. Construction quality not only ensures the realization of design quality, but also ensures the overall quality of the whole construction project.

What is the speed of the ball mill? The critical speed should be considered first in determining the working condition and speed of ball mill in each stage; Secondly, the influence of rotational speed is considered. Its general law is proportional to the 2.5 power of cylinder diameter, and the length of cylinder determines the particle size characteristics of grinding mineral materials (that is, the probability and time of medium impact), which is determined by grinding experiments. In actual production, the working speed of the mill has a wide range of choices. The general rule is that the rotating speed of rod mill is about 10% lower than that of ball mill of the same specification, and the working rotating speed of small diameter ball mill is higher than that of large diameter ball mill. The working speed of the mill used for rough grinding is higher than that of fine grinding. At the same time, when determining the optimal speed of the rolling mill, we should give consideration to the productivity of the rolling mill and save energy and steel consumption. Practice has proved that the optimum rotation speed is 76% ~ 88% from the point of view of improving the unit volume productivity of the mill; From the point of view of saving energy and steel consumption, the optimum speed should be 65% ~ 76%. Moreover, properly reducing the rotational speed is conducive to improving the productivity of unit energy consumption. Relationship between filling rate and rotating speed: The higher the filling rate of ball mill, the higher the rotating speed required to reach the maximum useful power. With the increase of rotating speed to a certain extent, the steel ball changes from falling to falling, but the transition point changes with the filling rate. The higher the filling rate, the higher the rotating speed when entering the descending state.

Main problems and countermeasures in investment management of power grid construction projects at various stages? You can go to "zgdlpx" to see ~ ~!

How to reasonably determine the cost of each construction stage of electrical engineering? Determine the budgetary estimate index in the initial stage, determine the project cost according to the drawing budget in the construction stage and determine the final project cost according to the settlement method in the completion stage.

How to determine the discount rate of engineering investment projects? According to your topic, you should use the internal rate of return method to evaluate investment.

formula

(1) Calculate the present value coefficient of annuity (p/a, FIRR, n) = k/r;

(2) Look up the annuity present value coefficient table, and find two adjacent coefficients (P/A, i 1, n) and (P/A, i2, n) and the corresponding i 1, i2, satisfying (P/A, il, n) > k/r >; (p/A，i2，n)；

(3) calculate FIRR by interpolation method:

(FIRR-I)/(i 1—i2)=[K/R-(p/A，I 1，n) ]/[(p/A，I2，n)—(p/A，il，n) ]

If the cash flow of a construction project is normal, the calculation process of the financial internal rate of return is as follows:

1. First, determine an initial discount rate ic according to experience.

2. Calculate the financial net present value FNpV(i0) according to the cash flow of the investment scheme.

3. If FNpV(io)=0, FIRR = io；; ;

If fnpv (io) >; 0, continue to increase IO;

If fnpv (io) < 0, continue to reduce io.

(4) Repeat step 3) until the two discount rates i 1 and i2 are found and meet FNPV (I1) >; 0，FNpV(I2)& lt； 0, in which i2-il generally does not exceed 2%-5%.

(5) Approximate calculation of FIRR by linear interpolation formula. Its calculation formula is:

(FIRR-i 1)/(I2-i 1)= npv 1/(NPV 1-NP v2)

Calculation steps of internal rate of return method

(1) On the basis of calculating the net present value, if the net present value is positive, the higher discount rate in the net present value calculation should be adopted for calculation until the calculated net present value is close to zero.

(2) Continue to increase the discount rate until the net present value is negative. If the negative value is too large, reduce the discount rate, and then calculate the negative value close to zero.

(3) According to the discount rate of adjacent positive and negative NPV close to zero, the internal rate of return is obtained by linear interpolation.

[Editor] Advantages and disadvantages of internal rate of return method

The advantage of internal rate of return method is that it can link the income of a project with its total investment, point out the rate of return of this project, and compare it with the industry benchmark investment rate of return, so as to determine whether this project is worth building. When the loan is used for construction, when the loan conditions (mainly interest rate) are not clear, the internal rate of return method can avoid the loan conditions and get the internal rate of return as the acceptable upper limit of the loan interest rate first. However, IRR is a ratio, not an absolute value. The scheme with low internal rate of return may be worth building because of its large scale and larger net present value. Therefore, both internal rate of return and net present value must be considered when choosing the ratio of each scheme.

Internal rate of return method analysis

Internal rate of return is the expected rate of return on investment, which is the discount rate that can make the net present value of investment projects equal to zero. It is to make the present value of cash flow generated by an investment in the future just equal to the rate of return when considering the investment cost, instead of what you think, "it doesn't matter whether the net present value is zero or not, whether it is high or low", which is an idea of putting the cart before the horse. Because the premise of calculating the internal rate of return is to make the net present value equal to zero.

To put it bluntly, the higher the internal rate of return, it means that the cost you invest is relatively small, but the income you get is relatively large. For example, the cost of two investments, A and B, is 654.38+ 10,000 yuan, and the operating period is 5 years. A can get a net cash flow of 30,000 yuan a year, and B can get 40,000 yuan a year. Through calculation, it can be concluded that the internal rate of return of A is about 15% and that of B is about 28%, which can actually be seen from the present value coefficient table of annuity.

Each series of corresponding people under one year old is called "the year of infancy"; Three years old, called "the year of childhood"; Boys and girls are young, generally called "total angle"; 10 years old, all called yellow mouth; 13-15 years old, which is the "year of dancing spoon"; 15-20 years old, known as "the year of dancing elephants"; The age of 20 is called "crown age" and the age of 30 is called "year of establishment"; 40 years old, known as "no confusion" and "flower season"; 50 years old is called "knowing life"; At the age of 60, he was called "flower armor" and "ear shun"; 70 years old is called "the year of the ancients", also known as "the year of the country" and "the year of the heart"; The 80-year-old is called "Ji", also known as "rod dynasty"; 90-year-old called "Yao"; Call the old man "an old man"; 100 years old is called "Yi" and "Year of the Tortoise", which can also be called "People's Rui"; 140 years old is called "ancient rare".