Application characteristics of fuel cell and its application

(1) has a high energy density, and its specific energy can reach about 200 w h/kg. When PCEV requires hydrogen as fuel, the specific power of the battery shall not be lower than150 w/kg; When methanol is used as fuel, the specific power of the battery is not less than 100W/kg.

(2) Generally, it runs at normal temperature, and it is easy to start quickly around 80℃, which reduces the influence of temperature on fuel cell materials, improves the performance of the battery and prolongs its life.

(3) It can work continuously and meet the requirements of certain characteristics. These excellent properties bring great convenience to the use of PEMFC in FCEV.

(4) The high voltage of single battery is an ideal power supply for electric vehicles, which is conducive to reducing the maintenance quality and use cost of electric vehicles.

(5) There are three kinds of fuel cell dyes: hydrogen, methanol and gasoline. According to the power generation principle of fuel cells, hydrogen is the most ideal fuel, because hydrogen can directly participate in electrochemical reactions. There is only clean water vapor in the products of hydrogen fuel cells, which will not cause any pollution to the environment.

2. Application of fuel cell. The application fields of fuel cells as mobile power sources can be divided into two categories. One can be used as portable power supply, small mobile power supply, vehicle power supply and so on. It is suitable for military, communication, computer and other fields to meet the needs of emergency power supply and high reliability and stability power supply. Practical applications include mobile phone batteries, notebook computers and other portable electronic equipment, military backpack communication power supply, satellite communication vehicle power supply and so on. Second, it is used as the power supply for bicycles, motorcycles, automobiles and other vehicles to meet the requirements of environmental protection for vehicle emissions. Judging from the current development situation, PEMFC is the most mature power supply for electric vehicles.

3. Internationally, the authoritative organization in the field of fuel cell research and development is Ballard Energy Systems Company of Canada, and H-Power Company of the United States developed the world's first bus powered by fuel cells in 1996. In recent years, China has also attached great importance to the research and development of fuel cell electric vehicles, and listed it as a national scientific and technological research plan. Shanghai Li Shen Company, Fuyuan Fuel Cell Co., Ltd., Tsinghua University and Dalian Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences have respectively developed the sample cars for visiting sightseeing bus and minibuses, and their performances are close to or reach the international advanced level.

4. Fuel cell is not only suitable for transportation power supply, but also very suitable for fixed power supply. It can be interconnected with the power grid system to adjust the peak value of the power grid, and can also be used as the power supply for national defense (civil air defense) power generation and power supply systems in islands, mountainous areas and remote areas.

5. A distributed power supply system can also be formed by connecting a plurality of fuel cell generators to a network. Distributed power supply system has the following advantages:

(1) can save power line and distribution dispatching control system.

(2) It is beneficial to cogeneration (because PEMFC power station has no noise, it can be installed nearby, and the heat generated by PEMFC power generation can enter the heating system), which can make the total fuel utilization rate as high as 80%.

(3) It is less affected by wars and natural disasters, and is especially suitable for active protection under modern war conditions.

(4) By reforming natural gas and gas to produce oxygen, the existing infrastructure such as natural gas and gas supply system can be used to provide fuel for fuel cells.

(5) Hydrogen production by renewable energy (hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, hydrogen production by solar electrolysis and hydrogen production by biology) can form a recycling system (this recycling system is especially suitable for remote areas), which reduces the system construction cost and operation cost. It is generally believed that with the popularization and utilization of fuel cells, it will be a trend to develop decentralized power stations.

6. Because the fuel cell has low working temperature, small infrared radiation, no vibration and no noise, it is especially suitable for modern military power supply. 1In August 1998, the U.S. Department of Defense pointed out in its report to the National Defense Committee of Congress that mobile power supply is one of the five most basic elements of permanent defense facilities; The rapid evolution of fuel cell power generation technology replacing traditional power generation devices has opened the way for the future power generation system to adopt hydrogen as the main fuel; Because of the high energy conversion efficiency (above 60%) and simple operation and maintenance, the application of hydrogen energy as the main fuel is extremely reliable and efficient. Therefore, changing the combat fuel to hydrogen will obtain a more efficient and reliable power generation system, lower emissions, lower noise, greatly reduce thermal radiation and infrared imaging, and facilitate camouflage and covert operations.

7. The excellent performance of 7.PEMFC generator makes it have excellent application prospects in aerospace and super mobile equipment, underwater submarines, military engineering, communication engineering, vehicle-mounted power supply, portable power supply for individual soldiers and divisions, remote areas, coastal defense posts, civil air defense projects and so on. As early as 1960s, NASA and General Electric Company (GE) jointly developed a fuel cell generator, which was used in Gemini project for many times. Especially, after Nafion membrane was adopted in 1968, the life of fuel cell generator used in the launched bio-satellite has reached 57000h in the laboratory. Later, NASA cooperated with Hamilton Standard Company to develop RPC (Renewable Fuel Cell) system, so as to form a solar power generation system to supply power to Mars rover or lunar base (the power of solar electrolyzed water device is 35kw, and the power of PEMFC generator is 25kw). The US Air Force also signed an agreement with Treadwell to study the RFC system for satellites (fuel cell power is 12kw, voltage is V).

8. In the application of ultra-mobile devices (HMU), NASA cooperated with EPSI to develop a PEMFC system with 200 w·h energy by using metal hydride to replace the rechargeable batteries used in existing devices, which can effectively improve the energy storage density, one-time charging energy, cycle life and charging speed.

9. One of the main uses of fuel cells in the military field is as a power supply for warships. PEMFC generator, as an independent air propulsion power source of submarine, has the advantages of high efficiency, low noise and low infrared radiation compared with Stirling engine and closed cycle diesel engine. When carrying the same mass or volume of gas, the submarine has the strongest endurance (about twice that of Stirling engine) and no pollution, so the fuel cell is the best choice for submarine AIP system. Germany began to study submarines based on fuel cell generators from 1980 (also the earliest in the world). At present, Germany has been able to produce submarines based on 2 12 and 2 14 fuel cell generators. The U.S. Navy cooperated with AP Company to develop a fuel cell generator using hydrogen produced by diesel reforming as hydrogen source, and also cooperated with Treadwell Company to design and manufacture a fuel cell power supply for underwater detectors.

10, fuel cells have many advantages, which make them have excellent prospects in intelligent buildings, hospitals, hotels, national defense (civil air defense) and other important civil facilities. At present, the power supply system in these places adopts the mode of external power as the main power supply, supplemented by diesel generator sets. When the diesel generator set is damaged by external power, it is not suitable for future high-tech wars because of its many shortcomings, such as poor smoke exhaust, poor concealment, large vibration, high noise and poor environmental protection performance. Therefore, the study of PEMFC power generation system can effectively use hydrogen energy to achieve environmental protection, which is of great significance to civil power supply and national defense construction.