Who is Zhu Wen?

Zhu Wen (852-9 12), Han nationality, was born in Dangshan (now Dangshan, Anhui) in Tang and Song Dynasties. Born in Dangshan, Wu Gou on October 21st in the sixth year of Tang Dynasty (AD 852). At first I joined the Huang Chao Uprising Army, and later I went to the Tang Dynasty. He was named all-middle school by Tang Xizong. When he proclaimed himself the emperor, he changed his name to Huang, meaning the light of the sun, and the temple name was Mao.

When Zhu Wen was young, he and his mother worked as housekeepers in Liu Chong's home in Xiaoxian County. After joining the peasant uprising army led by Huang Chao, he joined the army in Chang 'an. In the first month of the second year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (882), Huang Chao took Zhu Wen as the defense envoy of the same state (now Dali, Shaanxi). In September of the same year, Zhu Wen surrendered in the middle of Tanghe River (now Yongji West, Shanxi Province) and I made Wang Chongrong. Xuanzong appointed Zhu Wen as General Jin Wuwei, recruited him as the deputy envoy of Chonghe Zhongyin Camp, and named him Quanzhong. The following year, Xuanwu Army moved to our embassy (now Kaifeng, Henan) and recruited the Northeast. In four years, Quan Zhong and Li Keyong jointly suppressed the Huang Chao Uprising Army. After more than ten years, in the same year, Prime Minister Cui Yin called Quan Zhong to enter the customs, killed the eunuch who robbed Zhao Zong, and sent Zhao Zong out of the city. After Zhao Zong returned to Chang 'an, Quan Zhong tried his best to punish eunuchs and abolish magic soldiers. From then on, Zhao Zong completely controlled Quan Zhong and became a puppet. In the first year of God bless (904), Quan Zhong forced Zhao Zong to move to Luoyang, and immediately sent someone to kill him and set up his son (Eddie). Later, he was demoted and killed more than 30 officials, including Prime Minister Dugu.

In four years, Li Daitang was abolished as emperor, renamed Huang, and became Emperor of the Back Beam. Kaifeng, its capital (once moved to Luoyang), is commonly known as Liang, which is known in history. Gaiyuan Kaiping. It also opened the chapter of Five Dynasties and Ten Countries.

Before Zhu Wen proclaimed himself emperor, he paid more attention to agricultural production. He once regarded Zhang as Henan Yin to restore Luoyang's production. In the second year of Kaiping (908), the states were ordered to eliminate locusts and benefit farmers and mulberry. After three years of fighting with Li Keyong and Li, nobles of Shatuo in Taiyuan, they lost a lot of manpower and material resources and gradually lost their military superiority. He is cruel by nature and kills innocent people. In his later years, due to the undecided heir to the throne, the internal contradictions of the royal family were sharp. He worked for two years (9 12) and was killed by his second son Zhu.

[Edit this paragraph] The decline of the Tang Dynasty

In the history of China, the most powerful and culturally developed place was the Tang Dynasty. From the first year of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan Wude (AD 6 18) to the first year of Kaiping (AD 907), Zhu Wen destroyed the Tang Dynasty and established Hou Liang. Nearly 300 years ago, China had the most glorious period in politics, economy, culture and even law. However, in the first year of Kaiyuan (AD 7 13), after Emperor Xuanzong ascended the throne, the Tang Dynasty also reached a turning point. In the early days of Tang Xuanzong's reign, he made great efforts to govern and appointed wise ministers, creating a famous "Kaiyuan Shengshi" in history. When the economy of the Tang Dynasty reached its peak, Du Fu, a great poet, wrote a poem in his later years: "Recalling the prosperity of Kaiyuan, there are still thousands of small towns", but Tang Jiangshan began to decline from the late reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. In the 14th year of Tianbao (AD 755), An Lushan launched a rebellion, and the eight-year Anshi Rebellion made the declining Tang Dynasty worse. Internal and external troubles are layered, and uprisings and rebellions are continuous. The glorious Tang Dynasty finally embarked on the road of decline.

Although the direct cause of the demise of the Tang Dynasty was the Huang Chao Uprising, the cause of the Huang Chao Uprising was a combination of many factors, which can be roughly classified into three categories: the separatist regime of the buffer region, the eunuch dictatorship and the clique struggle. These reasons lead to political corruption and darkness, which in turn leads to people's poverty. When people are desperate, they have to riot and resist in order to survive. This is often said in history. The knife cuts bread and fingers. The descendants of Emperor Taizong did not abide by this experience for a long time. In the end, the turbulent water of the people overthrew the dynasty.

At first, the buffer region did not form a powerful separatist force, but in his later years, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty reused eunuch Gao Lishi and became increasingly fatuous. The political darkness gave the buffer region a good opportunity for development, and some eunuchs colluded inside and outside, and the separatist trend gradually formed. Later, Zhu Wen, who destroyed the Tang Dynasty, held the military power and occupied one side, which was also the inheritance of this separatist form. It can be said that the separatist regime in the buffer region was a political cancer, which was destroyed in the Tang Dynasty.

As for the eunuch dictatorship, it is an important reason that directly leads to political darkness. Eunuchs played an important role in Tang Xuanzong's coup to destroy Wei Ruyun and kill Princess Taiping. So Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty began to reuse Gao Lishi, but at this time the eunuchs were not authoritarian. By the time of the Anshi Rebellion, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty began to have doubts about military commanders, and eunuchs were greatly trusted. They began to take charge of the army internally and supervise the generals externally, and finally took the emperor as the palm of their hand. At the same time, the emperor only knows how to enjoy himself, eating and drinking all day, regardless of political affairs, and letting the country perish.

Eunuch Chou Shiliang is very representative. He instructed his disciples: "The emperor must not leave him idle. We should always indulge him with beautiful songs and dances and splendid food, and ask him to change his tricks day by day, so that he won't have time to think about anything else, so that we can do things with confidence and boldness. At the same time, try not to let him study, let alone give him the opportunity to get close to the scholars and let him see the demise of the former dynasty. Once he is worried about the future of the country, then we will be alienated and reprimanded. " The eunuch dictatorship was also an important reason for the demise of the Tang Dynasty, and was later eliminated by Zhu Wen, which was also a punishment of history.

The third reason for the demise of the Tang Dynasty was factional struggle. Regardless of national security, striving for power and profit is a major feature of the struggle of small groups. The struggle between parties makes state affairs fundamentally corrupt, and the struggle between the two parties also makes it impossible to eradicate eunuch forces. On the contrary, some colluded with eunuchs and attacked each other. Even when the Huang Chao Rebellion and the country were in peril, ministers were still fighting for power and profits, allowing the Tang Dynasty to perish.

[Edit this paragraph] Huang Chao Uprising

Huang Chao took part in the Wang Xianzhi Uprising at first, then Wang Xianzhi died, and Huang Chao became the leader of the Uprising, leading the rebels to fight in the south and the north. Tang Xizong, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, was a real bad king shortly after he ascended the throne. He likes debauchery, is good at cockfighting, and especially has excellent ball skills. He thinks he is the champion on the court. He is so fatuous that people bet on the time when we give up by playing ball games. He also fights geese with the prince, and a goose gambles up to 500,000. Once, there was a locust plague in the capital area. The local official reported: "These locusts don't eat royal crops. They are scared to kill themselves with thorns." On the other hand, Tang Xizong is convinced of these lies and turns a blind eye to people's sufferings, droughts and floods. After the uprising in Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao broke out, although we knew that the soldiers were being transferred to suppress it, we could not stop the fall of Jiangshan, a country handed down from generation to generation.

Huang Chao is a native of (now northwest of Cao County, Shandong Province). He has been selling salt for generations and likes fencing, horseback riding and shooting. In his early years, he failed in many imperial examinations. When Wang Xianzhi rebels occupied Caozhou, Huang Chao rose to the occasion. After the rebel army won a great victory in the Central Plains, it shocked the Tang court, and the Tang court again mobilized troops to suppress it. The rebels fought separately and captured parts of Hubei, Henan and Anhui today. The Tang court was extremely frightened, fearing that the grain transportation in Jiangnan would be controlled by the rebels and cut off the food sources in Jiangnan. So they made people surrender to Wang Xianzhi. Wang Xianzhi could not stand the temptation to surrender, but was opposed by soldiers. When Huang Chao knew about it, he beat up Wang Xianzhi and smashed the conspiracy of luring and surrendering in the Tang Dynasty. Later, the Huang Chao Uprising Army hit Songzhou (now Shangqiu City, Henan Province) and defeated Tang Jun. In this year, Zhu Wen joined the Huang Chao Uprising Army, followed Huang Chao's expedition to the north, made meritorious military service repeatedly, and eventually became a general under Huang Chao.

The Huang Chao Uprising provided an excellent opportunity for Zhu Wen to display his talents. In the second year, the insurgents moved to Zhejiang, Zhejiang, first to conquer Hangzhou, then to conquer Fujian, then to conquer Guangzhou, then to the Northern Expedition, finally to conquer Luoyang, the eastern capital, and then to attack Chang 'an, Tang Dou. When the "Daqi" regime was established in Chang 'an, Zhu Wen was already a pioneer in the southeast, stationed in Dongweiqiao (northeast of Jin 'an), with Zhuge Shuang, the envoy of our Tangxia County. Later, he was ordered to move to Henan, and captured Dengzhou (now Dengzhou, Henan), thus blocking Tang Jun's attack on the rebel army from Jingxiang North and stabilizing the situation in the southeast of the "Daqi" regime. When Zhu Wen returned to Chang 'an in triumph, Huang Chao personally went to Pakistan to reward the armed forces. Then, Huang Chao transferred Zhu Wen to the west of Chang 'an to fight against Tang Jun, and Zhu Wen won a great victory, and then defeated the troops such as General Li Xiaochang of the Tang Dynasty. Soon, Zhu Wen was appointed as the defense envoy of Tongzhou (now Dali, Shaanxi Province) and captured Tongzhou. In just five years, Zhu Sancheng, 30, became a hero of the "Daqi" regime and a general in the uprising army, but Zhu Wen, who was satisfied, soon got into trouble again.

[Edit this paragraph] Rebellion to the Tang Dynasty

Wang Chongrong, our envoy in the Tang Dynasty, confronted Zhu Wen across the river with tens of thousands of good soldiers. He surrendered to the insurgents. When Tang Xizong fled to Shu, he called generals from all over the country to besiege the insurgents, and he defected to the Tang Dynasty again. Because serenade and Zhu Wen were defeated several times, they had to ask Huang Chao for help, but the letters were always blocked and detained by Meng Jie, who was in charge of military affairs. Coupled with the chaos and corruption within the insurgents, Zhu Wen was at a loss. Xie Tong, a counselor, took the opportunity to give advice and said, "Huang Chao got off to a rough start, but only took advantage of the decline of the Tang Dynasty to occupy Chang 'an. Wang Ye is not built on achievements, and it is not worth your long-term affair with him. Now that the emperor of the Tang Dynasty is in Shu, the soldiers and horses from all walks of life are gradually approaching Chang 'an, which shows that the Tang Dynasty has not been exhausted and rejected by everyone. General, you fought bloody battles outside and made great achievements, but the regime was restricted by mediocrity. This is why Zhang Han betrayed Qin and returned to Chu. "

Zhu Wen saw that everything Xie Tong said made sense, and only then did he recover his heart. In order to survive and for his own future, he killed the prison guard and led his troops to surrender to the opposite Wang Chongrong. After getting the news of Zhu Wen's surrender, Tang Xizong couldn't help but be overjoyed and said excitedly, "This is a godsend for me!" He seems to see the light of hope for reviving his ancestral business. But I never imagined that a real "wolf" was introduced. Tang Xizong exultation, then appointed Zhu Wen as general Sargingo, river bank camp as agreement. Zhu Wen also has a name: Quan Zhong. But Zhu Wen was not completely loyal to him, just as he was not loyal to Huang Chao and Daqi, but completely rebelled and destroyed the Tang Dynasty.

[Edit this paragraph] The achievements of hegemony

Zhu Wen's participation in Huang Chao is not for the happiness of the working people, nor for the idea of doing justice for heaven, but for seeking wealth and getting ahead, for returning to China to be an official, and for "repaying" his neighbors' contempt and contempt. In order to survive and have a prosperous future, he followed the counsel of Xie Tong, a counselor, betrayed Huang Chao and surrendered to the Tang Dynasty when he was unable to get along in the Huang Chao army. During the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Wen's official position rose step by step, and finally he dreamed of the highest realm of wealth: being the emperor. Moreover, step by step to implement.

After Zhu Wen surrendered to the Tang court, the Tang court appointed Zhu Wen as the secretariat of Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) and the special envoy of our Xuanwu Army, but he could not take up his post until the capital Chang 'an was recovered. Zhu Wen then encircled Chang 'an with people from all walks of life in Tang Jun, and met with the brothers who fought side by side in the past. Huang Chao couldn't resist, so he had to quit Chang 'an, break through and move south, and then run to Henan. When Huang Chao attacked Cai Zhou (now Runa, Henan), Tang Cai Zhou made Qin Zongquan surrender. After Huang Chao's death, he took his place and continued to fight Tang.

This capricious mutiny occurred not only in the late Tang Dynasty, but also in the Five Dynasties. In troubled times, all justice and conscience have been forgotten. Brothers killed each other and friends turned against each other, which became the darkest side of the Five Dynasties. Zhu Wen pursued Huang Chao's army until Bianzhou. Since then, Zhu Wen has taken Bianzhou as its base, and Bianzhou has finally become the capital of Hou Liang. Later, in order to solve the siege of Chen Zhou (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), Zhu Wen fought Huang Chao Army for more than 40 times and won a great victory. Coupled with the elite cavalry of our army in the eastern Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao army was captured in Yancheng (now Yancheng, Henan Province), and then Huang Chao army was defeated in Wangmandu, north of Zhongmou (now Zhongmou, Henan Province), and Huang Chao general Ge and others defected to Zhu Wen. Because of Huang Chao's active pursuit, Zhu Wen was appointed as the proofreader Stuart, and was appointed as the king of Peijun County, and later as the king of Xing Wu County, with a prominent position. The so-called envoy is a general term, referring to our times and prime ministers. However, there was no official name of the prime minister in the Tang Dynasty, and the functions and powers of the same book were equivalent to those of the prime minister, so Zhu Wen was called an envoy at this time.

Because of the pursuit of Huang Chao, promoted to a higher position and made a fortune, and because of this Zhu Wen, he made sworn enemies and fought with his son until he was killed. This mortal enemy is Li Keyong, our envoy to Hedong. After Wang Man crossed Zhu Wen and Li Keyong jointly defeated Huang Chao's army, Zhu Wen invited Li Keyong to Bianzhou to rest his army. At a banquet, Li Keyong, who was only 28 years old and full of lofty sentiments, drank some wine and made some disrespectful remarks compared with Zhu Wen, who was four years older than him.

When two tigers fight, there must be a wound. In a rage, Zhu Wen wanted to get rid of this fanatic, which also led to the loss of an opponent in the future. Zhu Wen hid in the banquet, and Li Keyong returned to the posthouse, and ordered people to set fire to the city. Fortunately, Li Keyong escaped a storm, but hundreds of soldiers were killed. This rain may be a thunderstorm. In history, these natural phenomena are often attached to someone, saying that God has the help of the people. Actually, at that time, it was the rainy season in summer. Zhu Wen took advantage of the dark clouds to overwhelm the city. Unexpectedly, dark clouds can also bring thunderstorms and strong winds, saving Li Keyong's life.

Zhu Wencheng benefited from cunning, but he also suffered from it. Failure to kill Li Keyong created the biggest and newest enemy in the future. Finally, the Back Beam was destroyed by Li Keyong's son Li and his father Bao, and Zhu Wen's son was defeated by Li Keyong's son. After the fall of Huang Chao, Qin Zongquan, the general, continued to fight against the Tang Dynasty, but harassed and maimed the people everywhere, arrogating to himself the title of emperor, and captured many places in Henan, becoming the primary opponent in the decisive battle with Zhu Wen in the Central Plains. Although Zhu Wen is a serenade, he shows no weakness. On the one hand, he sent people to Shandong to recruit and strengthen his team, and on the other hand, he sought support from Zhu Jin of Yanzhou (now Yanzhou, Shandong Province) and Zhu Xuan of Yunzhou (near the northwest of Dongping, Shandong Province). He defeated Qin Zongquan's arrogant department many times, especially after the victory of the first world war in the small village in the north of Bianzhou, Qin Zongquan began to fall behind and went into decline, and was finally destroyed by Zhu Wen.

The big enemy has been broken, and Zhu Wen has dealt with the small enemy cunningly, even to his friends who have helped him. Since the threat from Qin Zongquan in the west has been lifted, Zhu Wen has set its sights on the east. He made an excuse to frame Zhu Xuan, who helped him defeat Qin Zongquan, and induced his soldiers to betray him. In his letter, he accused Zhu Xuan. Zhu Xuan couldn't stand his bite the hand that feeds him. He didn't reply. Then Zhu Wen seized the handle he had made, and let Hege attack (now Cao Xian County, Shandong Province) and beat the Zhu Jin brothers, only to survive.

Then, Zhu Wen pointed the finger at Huainan area. Gao Pian, the former secretariat of Huainan, died in battle, and Zhu Wen was appointed as the secretariat of Huainan by the Tang court. He was recruited from the southeast, which was opposed by Yang Xingmi, the founder of Wu, one of the ten countries, and was also resisted by Shipu, who occupied Xuzhou (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). The contradiction between Zhu Wen and them became increasingly fierce, but Zhu Wen concentrated his forces to solve Qin Zongquan in the west first.

Zhu Wen was appointed by Tang Xizong as the commander-in-chief of Cai Zhou No.4 Battalion, in charge of the siege of Qin Zongquan. Soon, Tang Xizong died of illness, and his younger brother Tang Zhaozong Li Hua succeeded to the throne. At this point, Zhu Wen did not immediately attack Qin Zongquan at a disadvantage, but expanded its power everywhere. Send people to the north to win over the winner of Weber's mutiny and establish alliances to the east and north of the Yellow River. He also sent general Ge northward to rescue Zhang, who was besieged by Li Keyong, and established an alliance to contain the anti-Hedong forces north and west of the Yellow River.

After the stability of the northern region, Tang Zhaozong just appointed him as a proofreader in order to urge Zhu Wen to solve Qin Zongquan at an early date, so Zhu Wen took the lead and stormed Cai Zhou. When the city was broken, Qin Zongquan was detained by the Ministry and sent to Zhu Wen. Qin Zongquan was taken to Chang 'an for execution, and Zhu was appointed as the king of Dongping County, and was also appointed as a proofreader. After Qin Zongquan's power was eliminated, the worries of the West were relieved, and Zhu Wen returned to the East to deal with Shipu and the fleeing Zhu Jin brothers. Zhu Wen led the troops to conquer Xuzhou, and the Shipu family set themselves on fire in the Yanzilou.

In the second year, Zhu Wen, who won many battles, fought with the Zhu Jin brothers and won by fire. Finally, Zhu Xuan was captured, and Zhu Jin fled to Yang Xingmi. After years of campaigns, Zhu Wen swept its opponents, completely controlled the Central Plains south of the Yellow River and north of the Huaihe River, and surpassed Li Keyong to become the largest local power. From the age of 25, he joined the Huang Chao Uprising Army, and in the second year of Guanghua (AD 899), he attacked Taiyuan (now Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province) and occupied Yuci (now Yuci County, Shanxi Province), at the age of 47. After more than 20 years of operation, Zhu Wen is full-fledged and his ambition begins to expand. His next goal is to ascend the throne of the emperor.

[Edit this paragraph] A good wife behind the scenes

Zhu Wen's success is mainly attributed to two people, one is his strategist Jing Xiang and the other is his wife Zhang Hui. Although there are not many records about Zhang Hui in the history books, it can be seen between the lines that Zhang Hui played a great role in Zhu Wen. Zhang Hui and Zhu Wen are both from Dangshan, and Zhang Hui lives in Quting. Her family is a well-known local rich family, and her father has also done the history of Songzhou. Zhang Hui was born in a wealthy family, received a good education and knew military and political strategies, which showed that her father had taught her a lot since childhood.

Zhang Hui has both a gentle side and a heroic side. While taking care of Zhu Wen, she often has strategies that Zhu Wen admires. In the face of this virtuous and witty wife, Zhu Wen's cunning is superficial, and his grumpy Zhu Wen has also converged a lot. Not only do internal affairs make decisions, but diplomacy, including operations, often convinces Zhu Wen. Asked his wife when he couldn't decide something important, what Zhang Hui analyzed and predicted often hit the nail on the head, which made Zhu Wen have an epiphany. Therefore, I admire Zhang Hui more and more. Sometimes Zhu Wen once led the troops to war, but he was caught up by Zhang Hui's emissary halfway, saying that he was ordered by Mrs. Zhang to think that the war was unfavorable and asked him to lead the troops back to camp as soon as possible. The man immediately ordered the retreating people to return.

Zhu Wen's cunning and suspicious nature, coupled with the harsh war environment and the life-and-death struggle between governors, made Zhu Wen more suspicious of his subordinates and executed soldiers at every turn. This will inevitably affect internal unity and combat effectiveness. Zhang Hui is also very aware of this, so she will do her best to restrain Zhu Wen's behavior, so that the internal friction of Zhu Wen Group will be as little as possible and consistent with the outside world. Zhu Wen's eldest son, Zhu Youyu, was ordered to attack Zhu Jin, but he did not pursue and capture Zhu Jin alive. After coming back, Zhu Wen was very angry. He suspected that he was having an affair with Zhu Jin, wanted to rebel, and let Zhu Youyu escape into the mountains and hide. In order to reconcile the father and son, Zhang Hui sent someone to take him back privately and confess to his father.

In a rage, Zhu Wen ordered him to be tied up and beheaded. At this time, Zhang Huichi ran out of the back room barefoot, grabbed Zhu Youyu's arm and cried to Zhu Wen: "Didn't he come back to confess to you that he didn't rebel? Why kill him? " Zhu Wen looked at his wife and son and relented, finally pardoning his son. A wave of temporary peace, another wave. After Zhu Jin fled after the defeat, his wife was bought by Zhu Wen. Zhang Hui saw Zhu Wen's evil thoughts, so he had Zhu Jin's wife invited, and Zhu Jin's wife quickly bowed down to Zhang Hui. After Zhang Hui returned the gift, he said confidentially, "We used to have the same surname, so we should live in harmony." The two brothers fought over a trivial matter, which led to the fall of their sister here. If one day Bianzhou falls, I will be like you today. "Say that finish, tears flow down. Zhu Wen's heart was touched, thinking that he would commit suicide, and he was ashamed of Zhu Jin. Without Zhu Jin's reinforcements, he could not have defeated Qin Zongquan and gained a foothold in Henan.

This time, Jing Xiang's strategy was also used to accuse Zhu Jin of luring his soldiers to send troops. At this time, Zhu Jin's territory has been occupied and his purpose has been achieved. Why did you catch his wife again? Besides, my wife already knows the inside story, so it's better to show her personal feelings. Finally, Zhu Wen sent Zhu Jin's wife to the temple to become a nun, but Zhang Hui never forgot this unfortunate woman and often sent someone to send some clothes and food, which may be considered as making up for Zhu Wen's fault.

Zhang Hui lived with Zhu Wen for more than 20 years, but died on the eve of Zhu Wen's destruction of the back of the Tang Dynasty. Zhu Wen got the news that Zhang Hui was seriously ill and hurried back. Zhang Hui also advised Zhu Wen before he died, "Since you have such a big ambition, I can't stop you. However, it is easier to go to power than to step down, so you should think twice before you act. If I can really realize my ambition, I have one last sentence, please write it down. " Zhu Wen quickly said, "If you have anything to say, I will definitely listen." Zhang Hui said slowly, "You are brave and good at fighting, and you have excellent martial arts. I can rest assured of everything else, but sometimes killing subordinates for no reason and lusting after good wine are often worrying." Therefore, the words' no killing far color' must be remembered! I'm relieved if you say yes. "

After Zhang Hui's death, not only Zhu Wen shed tears, but also many soldiers were very sad. Because Zhu Wen is suspicious, he often kills his subordinates, and no one dares to intercede. Only Zhang Hui came to the rescue from time to time after learning about the incident. A few gentle and reasonable words calmed Zhu Wen's rage, so many rescued soldiers were grateful to Zhang Hui, and other soldiers were full of admiration for Zhang Hui's love for soldiers. Zhang Hui is kind, and so are Zhu Wen's two concubines, without any jealousy, not to mention harming them. Zhu Wen didn't marry three wives and four concubines like others because of Zhang Hui's virtue. But after Zhang Hui's death, Zhu Wen indulged in debauchery and forgot his wife's advice before she died. Later, she had incest with her daughter-in-law. Finally, she refused to listen to advice and was killed by the sword. Zhang Hui gave birth to a son for Zhu Wensheng, that is, Zhu Youzhen, the last emperor of Liang Dynasty. When Zhu Wen was made King of Wei by the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Hui was also made the wife of Wei. After Zhu Wen proclaimed himself emperor, he never became a queen, probably because he missed this virtuous and resourceful wife. After Liang Wudi acceded to the throne, his mother added posthumous title as queen and queen.

[Edit this paragraph] Destroy Liang Jian in Tang Dynasty

Siege Fengxiang

In November (900), the eunuch Liu Ji was imprisoned and made Tang Zhaozong emperor. At the beginning of the following year, Cui Yin, the prime minister closely related to Zhu Wen, and Sun Dezhao, the chief bodyguard, killed Liu, Zhao Zong was reset, and the title was changed to Tianfu, and Zhu Wen was named Dongping King. Since then, Cui Yin wanted to kill eunuchs by Zhu Wen's hand, while Han and other eunuchs used Fengxiang (now Shaanxi) Li He (now Ningxian) Wang Xingyu as foreign aid. In October this year, Cui Yin ordered Zhu Wen to lead the troops into Beijing, and Zhu Wen took the opportunity to lead the troops by 70,000, and captured Tongzhou and Huazhou (now Huaxian) from the river and arrived in the suburbs of Chang 'an. Han and others hijacked Zhao Zong to Fengxiang to take refuge in Li. Zhu Wen chased Fengxiang to the door and asked to meet Zhao Zong. Han Hui Quan ordered Zhu Wen to return to the town. Two years later, Zhu Wen returned to the river again, besieged Fengxiang again and defeated Li many times. Chinese Ambassador to Lebanon Li Zhouyi was intercepted and surrendered to Zhu Wen.

Control Tang Zhaozong.

Fengxiang has been besieged for a long time, and the food in the city is exhausted. Those who freeze to death and starve to death are not counted. Li was helpless. In the first month of three years (903), he killed twenty people, including Han, and made peace with Zhu Wen. Zhu Wen carried Zhao Zong back to Chang 'an, and Zhao Zong became his puppet. Zhao Zong also knows his situation. He said to Zhu Wen: "The ancestral temple country was reborn by the Qing Dynasty, and my relatives and I were also reborn by the Qing Dynasty." So he did as Zhu Wen told him. Soon, Zhu Wen killed more than 700 eunuchs, including the fifth Ke Fan. Since the middle Tang Dynasty, the long-term autocratic eunuch forces have been thoroughly attacked. Zhu Wen was appointed commander-in-chief, Zhong Shuling, Xuanwu and other deputy marshals of various military forces, and was awarded the honorary title of "returning to heaven to make meritorious deeds and loyalty" and the five-grade imperial "Liu Yang Ci".

However, Zhu Wen's purpose is to replace it. Before appointing him as deputy marshal of military forces, when discussing the candidate of marshal, "Cui Yin, please take it as a favor. Top:' Puwangchang'. Yin Chengquan's secret intention is to benefit only young people, so please do it. Self-sufficiency, with you as the marshal of all military forces. " In the first month of God's first year (904), Zhu Wen once again asked to move the capital to Luoyang (now Henan), and when Zhao Zong "drove to Iowa, the people lined the streets and shouted long live. I cried and said,' Don't shout long live, I am no longer your Lord!' He said to his ministers, "I'm wandering now, and I don't know where I ended up!" "Zhu Wen killed more than 200 people, such as Xiaohuangmen, playing ball games, and children in the inner garden, around Zhaozong, and replaced them with his own cronies with similar shapes and sizes." Zhao Zong can't tell the difference at first, and he will be examined for a long time. Naturally, Zhaozong is surrounded by good people! "

Build a beam and claim the throne.

After moving the capital to Luoyang, Zhu Wen was still worried that Zhao Zong, 38, would use Li and Li Keyong to make a comeback one day, so Zhu Yougong, uncle Cong and Jiang Xuanhui killed Zhao Zong and made 13-year-old emperor at the behest of the Queen. In order to shirk his responsibility, he left Luoyang ahead of time and went to the front line of the central river to crusade against Yang Chongben, who had recently joined Li. Afterwards, he went back to Luoyang to perform a play: "Zhu Quanzhong heard that Zhu Yougong and others had killed Zhao Zong, and he was so frightened that he cried and knelt down and said,' My slave failed me and made me infamous for generations!'" "Your thoughts, to the east, my husband's uterus wails and tears. See also the self-ambition of the emperor. " Then, he killed Zhu Yougong and his uncle Cong, killing them all. God bless two years (905) in February, Zhu Wen killed nine sons of Zhao Zong, such as Li Yu, in Jiuqu Pool. In June, he killed more than 30 courtiers, such as Pei Shu and Du Gu, and dumped their bodies in the Yellow River near Baimayi in Huazhou (now East of Huaxian County), saying that he wanted to make these self-proclaimed "honest officials" become "muddy".

Zhu Wen couldn't wait to abolish Tang as emperor, and let the Prime Minister of Tang, Mrs. Liu and Tang Xuanzang, step up their planning. Liu, that "since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, all countries have been the first to seal a big country, after meditation, as the second line." Furthermore, I think that "Jin, Yan, Qi and Shu are all my enemies. If you are in Zen and are not convinced, you must be reasonable and then take it." Therefore, it is suggested that Zhu Wen step by step. God bless two years in November, Emperor Xuandi of Zhao appointed Zhu Wen as Prime Minister, with a total of 108, named Wang Wei, and took Xuanwu and other 2 1 roads as Wei State, and ordered Jiu Xi. This was a springboard paved by Mrs. Liu and others for Zhu Wen's official proclaimed himself emperor, but Zhu Wen thought that Mrs. Liu and others deliberately delayed time and waited for an opportunity to change, so they did not accept this order in a rage and killed Jiang Xuanhui and Mrs. Liu successively, further accelerating the pace of seizing power.

God bless four years (907) in April, Zhu Wen, under the persuasion of Prime Minister Zhang of the Tang Dynasty, officially proclaimed himself the official, and changed the title of the temple to Mao. Gaiyuan Kaiping, the national title girder, was called Hou Liang in history. Bianzhou was promoted to Kaifeng Prefecture (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), built as the eastern capital, and Luoyang, the eastern capital of Tang Dynasty, was the western capital. Zhao, 17 years old, was deposed as king and moved to be imprisoned in. In February the following year, he was killed.

[Edit this paragraph] Zhu Wenzhi's death

Even among feudal emperors, Zhu Wen's debauchery and behavior were rare. Zhu Wen married Dangshan's rich woman Zhang when he was the secretariat of Tongzhou in Huang Chao. Zhang is a "smart gift" and Zhu Wen is a "deep gift". "Every army must postpone its visit before seeking a national plan. Or it has already started, and it can't be done halfway. Zhang asked for a ride and arrived as scheduled. His letter is so heavy. " After the death of Zhang in the first year of God bless, Zhu Wen began to "indulge in debauchery. Although the scholar was away, he often recruited his wife to serve, and the emperor was often chaotic".

For two years, "Mao defeated Guo Jun, was terminally ill, and returned to Luo. Fortunately, Quan Yi stayed in Xieyuan for ten days, and Quan Yi's wife and daughter were forced to commit adultery. " Zhang's son Zhu Wen was very angry. He tried to dissuade Zhang. As for Zhu Wen's son's incest with Zhu Wen, he is not only shameless, but also uses his wife to compete for favor, favor and reserve. What a scandal! Adopted son "Zhu Youwen's wife Wang Seliang, the emperor (Zhu Wen) especially dotes on her. Although she doesn't take Juve as the prince, the emperor will always belong to her. " When Zhu Wen was seriously ill, he planned to call Zhu Youwen from Du Dong to Luoyang to pay for the future expenses. His parents, children, friends and wives also waited on the emperor in the morning and evening. Knowing this, they secretly told their friends and father:' Everyone (referring to Zhu Wen) paid the king's arms to the East with a national treasure, and I died!' "Zhu immediately used his master's palace guards and their cronies to launch a palace coup," midnight cut off ","You Xuan servants stabbed the emperor in the abdomen, and the blade was out of the back. My friend was lying in the bedroom wrapped in a defeated blanket. "In this way, Zhu Wen was finally killed by his parents and friends in June of the second year of Ganhua (9 12) at the age of 6 1.

[Edit this paragraph] Members of the royal family

brothers

Guangde Wang Jing is stationed in Yu Quan

Wang Lang Zhu village

son

Wang Chen Zhu Youyu

Wang Bo Zhu Youwen

Wang Ying Zhu Guiyou

Zhu Zhangyou, the axe king

He Wang Zhu You Yong.

Wang Jian Zhu Huiyou

Kang Wang Zhu Youzi

The Last Emperor (Wang Jun) Zhu Youzhen

adopted son

Wang Bo Zhu Youwen (formerly known as Kang Qin)

Zhu, King of Ji (formerly known as Zhu Jian)

Zhu Yougong (formerly known as Li Yanwei) was the army commander of Zuo Longhu.

Zhu Yourang (formerly known as Li)

daughter

The eldest daughter Princess Anyang married Luo Tinggui, and Kaiping was sealed in August.

Princess Changle, married to Zhao Yan, was sealed on May 11th of the first year of Kaiping.

Princess Puning, married to Wang Zhaozuo, was sealed on May 11th of the first year of Kaiping.

Princess Jinhua, sealed in October of Kaiping two years. Adjust the following rooms for Luo Ting. After Luo Tinggui's death, Kaiping was ordered by his father to become a monk for four years to celebrate the whole Women's Day.

Princess Zhenning, sealed on October 5 for three years.

[Edit this paragraph] Historical evaluation

Summing up Zhu Wen's life, he still made some achievements in governing the country, which should be affirmed. Zhu Wen's indiscriminate killing, debauchery and shamelessness are also extremely prominent in history, and are despised by people of all ages. After Zhu Wen proclaimed himself emperor, he also implemented a set of measures to ensure the country's long-term stability in foreign wars. He changed the military-oriented method and realized the importance of people and land to stabilizing the political power. So he tried his best to resume production, reward farming, adopt some tolerant policies, and share the interest with the people, so that the economy of the Central Plains could be restored. At the same time, in order to ensure the smooth progress of local administration, Zhu Wen ordered local generals, no matter how high their ranks or the number of troops, to be subordinate to local officials in administrative affairs and obey their control and arrangements.

In this way, the stability of local public security is fundamentally guaranteed, and the role of the army in protecting the people is brought into play, instead of the separatist disturbing the people and the country's problems. Zhu Wen also learned a lesson. The local generals in the late Tang Dynasty couldn't control themselves, and his opponents took strict precautions. Once arrogant people appear, they are immediately removed, or killed or imprisoned to avoid future troubles. But Zhu Wen did not restrain his paranoia and bloodthirsty. On the contrary, bloodthirsty is characterized by killing innocent people from beginning to end. Zhu Wen is indiscriminate to his subordinates, prisoners of war and soldiers. During the war, in order to clean up the military discipline and facilitate deployment, we must strictly manage the army, but Zhu Wen was brutally and severely killed. The laws of the Five Dynasties were horribly harsh, and the Five Dynasties were famous for their harsh laws in the legal history of China. In order to ensure combat effectiveness, the treatment of soldiers is very harsh. In every battle, if the general is killed in the battlefield, then the soldiers must also survive with the general and the position. If you survive, all of you will be killed. This is called "postscript team chop".

So when the general died, the soldiers fled and dared not return to the team. Zhu Wen also had soldiers tattooed on their faces. If they miss their hometown and flee, or run for their lives after the battle, once they are captured and sent back by Guanjin Ferry, they will die. Coincidentally, Wu, a direct warlord in modern history, also reformed on the basis of this method to improve his fighting capacity in this barbaric way. It's just Wu