China ancient literature. Enjoy the following four works respectively: The Book of Admonishment, A Short Song Line, Zuo Si's Poem on History, and Yan Ge Line.

The book of remonstrating and expelling guests: First of all, this paper lists the important role played by Ke Qing, an important minister in the four dynasties of Mu Gong, Xiao Gong, Hui Wang and Wang Zhao, in the development and growth of Qin State; Then the opposite conclusion is drawn: "If the four emperors didn't use Ke Qingshi at that time, Qin could not have a strong country and won a strong and invincible reputation." This is the first part. The second part uses the method of comparative argument to establish metaphor and reasoning. It is pointed out that the king of Qin still uses goods that are not produced in Qin, but refuses to employ talents who are not from Qin. Isn't this more important than talent? Finally, the article points out that it is the reason why the five emperors and three kings can be invincible in the world, but now the king of Qin has adopted the practice of abandoning talents to defect to the enemy, which is tantamount to suicide.

Sharp inference from the article: If we must drive away the guests, it means that the people who are important to the host care about color, music and jade, while the light people care about the people, which is not "the art of controlling the monarch from across the sea". Of course, we can completely refute that people and things are different. How can we compare them? However, historical experience has proved that this strategic view is not only a lofty theory more than 2,000 years ago, but also enlightening today. Isn't the United States, which dominates the global economy today, rich and strong because of its "customers"? How many people in the United States have won the Nobel Prize? Since Shoto Kutaishi, Japan's economy has grown rapidly after the Second World War, and it has absorbed the advantages of other countries with an open attitude. Isn't this a contemporary interpretation of Reese's point of view?

The article has clear thinking, strict logic and thorough reasoning. A large number of facts cited strongly prove the author's point of view. At the same time, it also uses various rhetorical devices such as metaphor, contrast, parallelism and rhetorical questions, which makes the article like the Yangtze River and has indisputable persuasiveness. No wonder later generations praised "Qin's article, Reese is just one person"

Short songs: The theme of Cao Cao's short songs is very clear. This article expresses the poet's desire for virtue and ambition to unify the world through the singing at the banquet. "Short Song" originally had "six interpretations" (that is, six paragraphs), and now we divide it into four paragraphs according to the poem.

"When drinking songs, life geometry? For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan. Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable. How to solve the problem is only Du Kang. "

In these eight sentences, the author emphasizes that he is very worried and extremely worried. So what's there to worry about? It turns out that he can't get many "talents" to cooperate with him and make contributions together. Imagine that even powerful people like Cao Cao are worried about "seeking talents" there, and how much publicity effect it will have. If there are really "talents" among the landlords in Buyi, we can't help being moved and encouraged by these words. They are trying to find a way out. They didn't expect Cao Cao to be eager for talents there, so many people who are really talented or think they are talented are likely to be eager to "return" to him. At first glance, the eight sentences of "Chanting to Wine" are very similar to the negative sentences in Nineteen Ancient Poems, but they are quite different. Talking about "life geometry" here is not to ask people to "eat, drink and be merry", but to make contributions in time. On the surface, Cao Cao is expressing his personal feelings. He is worried that time will pass too fast and he may not have time to make a difference. In fact, it is imperceptibly infecting the vast number of "talented people", reminding them that life is as easy to disappear as "morning dew" and the years have passed a lot. You have to make up your mind and come to me to show your ambition. Therefore, once analyzed, it is not difficult to see that the rich lyrical atmosphere in the poem contains quite strong political purposes. Such a positive purpose and deliberately use a low tone to start, which of course shows that Cao Cao really has his melancholy thoughts, so he speaks the truth; But on the other hand, it is precisely because of this tone that we can open the hearts of people at the lower level who have experienced many difficulties and are eager to find a way out. Therefore, the intention and wording are true and ingenious. In these eight poems, the main emotional feature is the word "sorrow", which needs to be overcome by wine ("Du Kang" is said to be the first person to make wine, so his name is used instead of wine here). The emotion of "worry" itself cannot be evaluated, only the objective content of this emotion can be evaluated, that is, what is "worry". Worrying because of selfishness, decadence and even reaction is a negative emotion; On the contrary, worrying about the purpose of some progress becomes a positive emotion. Looking at the specific historical background, the melancholy expressed by Cao Cao here belongs to the latter and should be properly evaluated in history. Chen Ling, a Qing Dynasty man, said in Bi Xing Jian: "This poem is a reflection on warriors in Song of the Great Wind by Emperor Gaozu. The origin of' life geometry' is said that the so-called ancient king knew that his life span was not long, so he made sages as heirs. " This can be said to basically understand the meaning of Cao Cao's worry; However, the so-called "building sages to pass on their descendants" is a bit far-fetched. Cao Cao was considering ending the war and unifying China with his own life. There are similarities and differences between Han Gaozu and Han Gaozu in singing "Da Feng Ge".

"Qingqing leisurely from jumping in my heart. But for your sake, I've thought it over. A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan. I have a guest, blowing sheng. "

These eight sentences are even more lingering. The phrase "Qingqing" comes from The Book of Songs Zheng Feng Zi Jin. The original poem is about a girl who misses her lover. The four sentences in the first chapter are: "Qingqing Zi Jin, carefree in my heart. Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message? " Your green collar bothers me deeply. Although I can't come to you, why don't you take the initiative to leave me a message? ) Cao Cao quotes this poem here, saying that he has been reciting it in a low voice, which is really ingenious. He said that "a girl in green is lingering in my heart", which is of course a direct metaphor for missing "talented people"; But more importantly, he omitted two sentences: "Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message?" Because it is impossible for Cao Cao to look for those "talents" one by one, he reminded them in this subtle way: "Even if I don't look for you, why don't you take the initiative to look for me?" From this implicit meaning, we can see that his intention of "seeking the virtuous" is indeed thoughtful and has touching power. And this touching power embodies the combination of politics and artistic creation. Of course, his profound and subtle intentions can't be fully expressed in the literature such as "Asking for a Scholar". As a poem, short songs can express feelings that political literature can't express and play a role that political literature can't. Then he quoted four sentences from The Book of Songs Xiaoya Luming Literature to describe the scene of the banquet, meaning that as long as you come to me, I will definitely stay as a "guest" and we will get along well and cooperate harmoniously. These eight sentences still don't clearly say the word "seeking the virtuous", because Cao Cao writes poems, so he uses allusions as metaphors, which is the performance of "being gentle, respectful and frugal". At the same time, the word "Jun" is also typical in Cao Cao's poems. Originally in the Book of Songs, this "gentleman" only refers to a specific person; Here, it has a wide range of significance: all the "wise men" who read Cao Cao's poem at that time could think that he was the object of Zi Jin's memory. It is precisely because of this that this poem will play a huge social role if it is circulated.

"It seems like a month, when can I wait? The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off. The weirder, the more useless. Talk about it? I miss the elegance of the past. "

These eight sentences are the focus and care of the above sixteen sentences. The above sixteen sentences mainly have two meanings, that is, worrying about seeking the virtuous and treating the virtuous with courtesy. If compared with music, these can be said to be two "theme melodies" in the whole poem, and the eight sentences of "Clear as the Moon" are the reappearance and variation of these two "theme melodies". The first four sentences are about sadness, not the first eight; The last four sentences are about the arrival of "talents". These are the last eight sentences. On the surface, the meaning is repeated by the first sixteen sentences, but in fact, due to the reproduction and variation of the "theme melody", the whole poem is more restrained and chanting, which strengthens the concentration of lyric. Judging from the literary theme of expressing poetry, these eight sentences are not simple repetitions, but contain profound meanings. In other words, "talents" have come a lot, and we have cooperated very well; However, I am not satisfied. I'm still worried about talent, and I hope more "talents" will come. The bright moon in the sky has been running and will not stop ("stop" means "stop", and Jin Yue's Short Song Xing means "stop"; The definition of "duo" in high school textbooks is: take it as soon as you pick it up. When can I pick it up? In the same way, my idea of seeking the virtuous will not be cut off. This is also a thoughtful expression, because Cao Cao is constantly recruiting talents, so will the latecomers worry about "overcrowding"? Therefore, Cao Cao further said here that his heart of seeking wisdom will not end like the bright moon, and people will have no worries, and they will be given preferential treatment early and late. On this point, the author will make it more clear in the following, it is just a link between the preceding and the following, which plays a transitional and buffering role.

"The moon and the stars are thin, and the black magpie flies south and circles the tree three times. What branch can we rely on? The mountains are not tired of heights, the sea is not tired of depths, the Duke of Zhou vomits food, and the world returns to the heart. "

"Moonlight" is not only an accurate and vivid description of the scenery, but also a metaphor. Shen Deqian, a poet in A Qing, said in The Source of Ancient Poetry: "There are few stars in the moon, and there is no one to rely on for strange talents." This shows that he saw that these four sentences are metaphors, but that "guest" is vague; In fact, this refers to those who are hesitant, and they are at a loss in the situation of the Three Kingdoms. Therefore, Cao Cao used the scene of blackbirds circling trees and "with what branches" to motivate them. Don't be half-hearted, be good at choosing branches and live, and come to your side quickly These four poems vividly describe the situation and mood of the hesitators, but the author not only does not accuse them at all, but reveals his concern and sympathy for these people in his rich poems. This just shows that Cao Cao is good at ideological work and he attracts and strives for talents with a reasonable attitude. And a feeling like this also gives full play to the unique infection effect of poetry. The last four sentences are the finishing touch, and I hope that all people will come to me and clearly understand the theme of this poem. The allusion of "Duke Zhou vomited food" comes from "History of Han Poetry". According to legend, Duke Zhou said, "The son of King Wen of our country, his brother, and uncle of King Cheng; I am also in the world, and I am not a light in the world. However, if you hold it for three times and vomit for three times, you still fear losing the people of the world. " In order to receive the people all over the world, Duke Zhou sometimes washed his hair and ate a meal, which was interrupted several times. This legend is of course too exaggerated. However, this allusion is used here to highlight the author's thirst for talents. The phrase "the mountain will never be too high and the sea will never be too deep" also convincingly shows that the more talents, the better, and there will never be a sea of people. So Chen Ling said, "Birds choose wood. Can wood choose birds? Three points in the world. Scholars either go north or go south. When we left for Shu and Wu, the emperor had not decided yet. If you don't spit and feed the festival, why come? Mountains never tire of soil, so they can become high; The sea never tires of water, so it can become deep; You are not tired of being a scholar, and the world is returning to the heart. " These words are very helpful to explain the background, theme and the meaning of the last few sentences of this poem.

Works review

Generally speaking, short songs are like other poems of Cao Cao, such as Good, Drinking and Crying. , is a highly political poem, mainly serving the political line and policies and strategies implemented by Cao Cao at that time. However, its political content and significance are completely integrated into the rich lyrical artistic conception. The whole poem gives full play to the specialty of poetry creation, accurately and skillfully uses metaphor, and achieves the goal of combining reason with emotion and touching. In the era of Cao Cao, he was able to achieve the expected social effect according to the special laws of lyric poetry, and this kind of creative experience is obviously worth learning. At the same time, because Cao Cao's emphasis on "meritocracy" at that time had certain progressive significance, his highly artistic performance on the theme of "seeking talents" should also be affirmed by history.

This poem is one of Cao Cao's representative works. In his poems, he expressed his great ambition of recruiting talents and making contributions. Written in four words, the content is profound, solemn and elegant, full of emotion. At the beginning of the poem, the mood is a little low, but the tone of the whole poem is still high and full of vitality, which is somewhat similar to "although it is expensive." According to the poetic style, every eight sentences have one section, and * * * four sections. The first eight sentences are the first section. The poet expressed his feelings and worries about the short life and wanted to drown his sorrows by drinking. On the surface, it seems to be a waste of time to write about your feelings and worries, but in fact, it is a great politician's broad mind to make contributions. The proportion of Morning Dew is vivid, profound and philosophical. In a word, the meaning of the first section can be summarized by one word "sadness". Next, the next eight sentences in Qingqing Suburb are the second paragraph, which is more profound and tearful. The sentence "Qingqingzigan" is the original words in The Book of Songs Zheng Fengzigan, and the four sentences in the first chapter are: "Qingqingzigan, leisurely in my heart. Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message? " Your green collar is deeply wrapped around my heart. Although I can't come to you, why don't you take the initiative to leave me a message? The poet used this ancient poem to express his desire for talents. The tone of the poem is euphemistic, and the feelings are deep and implicit, which expresses the poet's inner activities, which is also the effect that his initial political documents such as "Order for the Wise" can't achieve. Next, I quote four sentences from The Book of Songs Xiaoya Luming Literature to describe the banquet scene, which means that as long as you come to see me, I will definitely stay as a "guest" and we will be able to get along happily and harmoniously. In short, it is natural and appropriate for poets to quote ancient poems, just like quoting their own, and express their wishes just right.

The following eight sentences are the third section, which is the focus and care of the first two sections and sixteen sentences. In other words, the four sentences starting from "bright as the moon" are about sadness, emphasizing and taking care of the first section; The four sentences starting from "crossing the road" are about being polite to talents, and the second paragraph is about emphasizing and caring. This emphasis on care makes the whole poem have a low, cadence and repeated chanting effect. "When will it be as clear as the moon" means when the bright moon in the sky will stop running? Metaphorically, my thirst for wisdom is like the bright moon in the sky, which will never stop.

Finally, the following eight sentences are the fourth section, which further deepens the thoughts and feelings of seeking talents. The four sentences "Bright moon in the sky" are not only an accurate and vivid description of the scenery, but also metaphorical. Shen Deqian, a poet in A Qing, said in The Source of Ancient Poems: "There are four few stars in the moon, and there is no one to rely on for strange people." In fact, it means that people who are hesitant are at a loss in the situation of the Three Kingdoms. The poet inspired them with the scene of crows circling trees and "what branches to rely on" Don't be half-hearted, be good at choosing branches and live, and come to me quickly. Finally, the four sentences in Duke of Zhou make the finishing point, which clearly shows that I hope all the people will come to me, Cao Cao, and point out the main idea of the whole poem. With regard to the allusion of "Duke of Zhou vomited food", it is said that Duke of Zhou himself said: "Son of King Wen, brother of King Wen, uncle of King Cheng; I am also in the world, and I am not a light in the world. However, if you hold it for three times and vomit for three times, you still fear losing the people of the world. " This seems to express the poet's feelings.

Generally speaking, this poem skillfully uses allusions and metaphors. Like other poems with strong political nature, it is mainly a tortuous reflection of his desire to realize his political ideals at that time. However, this kind of political thing is completely integrated into lyric art, which is expressed in the perfect unity of reason and scenery.

Poem-chanting: Zuo Si was an outstanding writer during the Taikang period of the Western Jin Dynasty (280-289). His achievements in poetry and poetry are very high. "Sandu Fu" makes "Luoyang paper expensive". Xie Lingyun thinks that his poems are "difficult to compare with ancient times and modern times", and Zhong Rong's Poems are also listed as "top grade". Eight Poems about Epics is the masterpiece of Zuo Si's poems, so Liu Xie said that "the poems about epic poems are outstanding" (the literary mind carves dragons and stories).

The poem "Ode to an Epic" doesn't begin with Zuo Si. In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Gu had a poem "Ode to History". However, the writing of this poem is just "summarizing biography without any modification", and Zuo Si's poem "Ode to History" is not to summarize some historical events and figures, but to chant. Therefore, He Chao said: "The title cloud" Ode to History "is actually a tribute in the bosom." He also said: "Those who praise history only praise its beauty, and it is the same without algae." Too urgent, too urgent, this has been changed. "("Yimen Secretary's Reader "Volume 46) He thinks that Zuo Si's poems are variations of poems, but it is actually a new development of poems.

Zuo Si's poem "Ode to History" expresses the poet's own ambition. However, due to the limitation of the gate system, the gifted scholars who were born in poverty at that time were ambitious and had no choice but to retreat to the second line and become "masters" who were content with poverty. This group of poems shows the changing process of the poet from actively entering the WTO to passively avoiding the world. This is the grievance of a frustrated, idealistic and brilliant intellectual in feudal society.

The first poem about a person's talents and wishes can be regarded as the preface of this group of poems. The first four sentences, write your own erudition. "Weak crown makes a soft man" means that when I was twenty years old, I was good at writing articles. "Excellent reading", write your own extensive reading, and excel in learning. In fact, these two sentences are mutual, which means: I was outstanding at the age of 20, and I was not only good at writing, but also well-read in Du Fu's poems: "Reading is like writing" ("Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei Zuocheng"). It is precisely because Zuo Si is well-read that I can be good at writing and "write a book about Guo Qin and a book about Zi Xu". In other words, writing a paper is modeled after Guo Qin's Lun and writing a poem is modeled after Zi Xufu. On Qin written by Jia Yi in the Western Han Dynasty is a famous piece in his political theory. Zi Xu Fu written by Sima Xiangru in the Western Han Dynasty is a famous fu. Zuo Si's essays take his works as an example, which shows his knowledge and talent, and he is quite conceited.

In four words, "the border town is bitter and the cymbals ring", write about yourself and know the military. "Ming cymbals" are signals of fighting. There was a war in the frontier, and urgent official documents quickly reached the capital. This may refer to the war against Xianbei Shuneng Machinery Department and Sun Hao in 279 AD. Ji of Emperor Wu of Jin Shu: "In the first month of spring in the fifth year of Xianning (279), Lu Shuaishu was able to capture Liangzhou. Ugly, make capture defend Wuwei satrap Malone hit it. ..... In November, Wu was cut down on a large scale ... In December, Malone attacked the tree, broke it, cut it, and Liangzhou was flat. " Although the poet is not a soldier, he has also read the Art of War by Sima Yi. He thinks that he has not only literary talent, but also military talent, and should serve the country when the war breaks out.

Four sentences, "Whistling and stirring the breeze", write your own aspirations and wishes. The poet roared loudly, howled in the breeze, and had lofty aspirations. Where did Soochow look? He thought, a very blunt lead knife, everyone wants to have a cutting purpose. Even if he feels inferior, he dreams of exerting his talents and realizing "good intentions" (good wishes). As for what the poet's "good painting" and "left Cheng Lang Jiang Xiang" are, he gave a specific answer: destroy Wu Dong in the southeast and pacify Hu Qiang in the northwest. After his success, he retired to the countryside without being rewarded. The first two sentences express the meaning of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, that is, "the south speaks martial arts and the north speaks Rong Di". The last two sentences are exactly the spirit of Lu Zhonglian, whom he admired: "Success is rewarded with shame, and integrity is outstanding." As far as feelings are concerned, the former is magnificent and the latter is magnificent. This complex feeling is unified, which shows the poet's spirit of eager to make contributions and not greedy for wealth.

It should also be mentioned that the writing age of the eight epic poems can be determined according to the following sentences: "Long whistling stirs up the breeze, without Wu Dong", "The left is the prosperous place, and the right is the prosperous place". In November of 279 (the fifth year of Xianning), Emperor Wu of Jin attacked Wu on a large scale, and in March of 280 (the first year of Taikang), Sun Hao surrendered. In the first month of AD 279 (the fifth year of Xianning), the energy and machinery department of Xianbei Tree was attacked, and in December, it was devastated. Therefore, He Chao thinks that "the poem was written by Emperor Wu, hence the name Wu Dong". Liangzhou has been repeatedly harassed, so there is the following cloud: "Hu". ("Yimen Reading Secretary" Volume 46) It can be seen that eight poems about history were written before the year 279 (the fifth year of Xianning).

Liu Xizai, a poet in A Qing, said: "Zuo Taichong sang epic poems with similar styles." However, the poet's comments are expressed in images and don't make people feel boring. On the contrary, the vivid images and rich feelings in poetry have a strong appeal.

This kind of poetry is heroic and emotional, and it is easy to remind people of Cao Zhi. In Cao Zhi's poems, he said, "When you die in a national disaster, you suddenly feel at home" ("White Horse"), "It is not my ambition to live in seclusion, but it is my wish to worry about the country" ("Miscellaneous Poems"). Cao Zhi's desire to go to disaster and make contributions to his country was stifled by Cao Pi and his son, and he lived an unhappy life with dissatisfaction. Thank you, sir. The left thought that "the left is prosperous and the right is eager to stabilize Hu Qiang" was destroyed by the gate valve system at that time, so the poet angrily complained to the gate valve system.

Yan Gexing: Yan Gexing is a theme of Yuefu, which belongs to the flat tune in Xianghe Pavilion. It is similar to Qi and Wu, both of which reflect the life in their respective regions and have their own musical characteristics. Yan (Yān) was the name of the vassal state in the Western Zhou Dynasty and even in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and its jurisdiction was about Beijing, northern Hebei and southwestern Liaoning. This is the border area between the Han nationality and the northern minorities. Since Qin and Han Dynasties, wars have frequently occurred. Therefore, the rulers of past dynasties have sent heavy troops to guard here. Of course, there are many services such as building a city and transferring traffic. Judging from the recent facts, in the twelfth year of Jian 'an (2007), Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wuhuan took place in the northern part of this ancient Yan country, which is now Xingcheng, Liaoning. As early as the Qin dynasty, there were works reflecting the sufferings of the war corvee in this area, "Be cautious when giving birth to men, and breast-feed women." The folk song "Don't look at the Great Wall, bones support each other" was even more famous in the Han Dynasty "Drinking horses in the Great Wall Cave". Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing is the inheritance and development of this kind of literary works in ideological content. Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poems quoted Yuefu to solve problems and said: "Wei Wendi's two poems Autumn Wind and Another Day have changed in time sequence, and women have nothing to complain about." He also quoted Yuefu Guangti as saying: "Yan, the place name is also. It is said that there is a good man serving in Yan, which is also for this reason. " It is correct to understand the content of the work in this way. There are no ancient words in Ge Yanxing, and this tune may have originated from Cao Pi. This work reflects the historical phenomenon of 400 years since the Qin and Han Dynasties, and it is also the social reality of his recent Jian 'an period, showing the author's concern and sympathy for the sufferings of the lower classes.

"The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, the vegetation is like frost, and the geese go south." The first three sentences are about a chilling scene in late autumn, preparing for the heroine's appearance. The image here is visual, auditory and sensory, giving people a feeling of emptiness, loneliness and decline. This scene is consistent with the inner feelings of the upcoming heroine. Although these three sentences are just scenery, there is no positive love, but we already feel that love is full of paper. This method of expressing feelings of parting and nostalgia by describing autumn scenery is a tradition in China. Song Yu's "Nine Debates" says: "Alas, autumn is the spirit! A bleak, withered vegetation, decline. Hey, if you travel far, you will return to the water. " Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's Autumn Wind Poetry said: "Autumn wind starts, plants turn yellow, and geese return to the south. Lan Youxiu, Ju Youfang, Huai Jiaren, can't forget it. " From here, we can not only see the continuity of xing and his thoughts and feelings, but also see the direct use of language and vocabulary. But by Cao Pi's works, everything has become something with its own unique ideological outlook and unique artistic style. We'll talk about this later.

"I miss you, your heart is broken, and you are homesick. How can you send it to stay for a long time? " In the chilly autumn night scene described before, our heroine stepped onto the stage: she looked at the distance with sadness, loneliness and deep affection and talked to herself. She said: You have been away from home for so long, I miss you so much. I can also imagine your sad and frustrated yearning for your hometown every day, but what on earth kept you away for so long? Mao (qiānqiān): frustrated. I miss my hometown is a scene where the heroine imagines her husband missing his hometown outside. This writing is ingenious and detailed. When a person misses another person, his ideological activities always have specific contents, either recalling the past time together, or looking forward to the joy of meeting in the future, or caring about the other person's life outside, imagining what he is doing now, and so on. This method of highlighting the eagerness and affection of missing people by describing their activities has existed as early as in the Book of Songs, and it is even more wonderful when Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote that "I miss beauty, make up my eyes, miss a few times, and God knows how to go home". The advantage of this writing is that it becomes a layer, which makes people feel more tortuous, detailed and specific. Stay long: stay long. "Why did you get rich after staying for a long time?" There are expectations, doubts and infinite suspense. What is the reason why you can't come back so far? Is it because of the busy construction? Is it because the war is urgent? Is it because you are ill? Hurt? Or ..... that's even more unexpected. You see, the heroine's mind is heavy!

"I'm a concubine, and I'm worried about you, even if I can't forget it. I don't feel tears in my clothes." Qióngqióng: Lonely, lonely, lonely. Dare not: in polite terms, it means no,no. These three sentences describe the heroine's life at home: she lives alone in an empty room, takes private service all day and often tears her clothes. On the one hand, it shows her loneliness and boredom with life; On the other hand, it shows the heroine's infinite loyalty and love for her husband. Although her life is so bleak and lonely, she thinks of nothing but her husband and hopes for his early return.

"With the help of the piano, the strings are clear and short songs cannot be long." Aid: Yin, bring it here. Shang Qing: A new musical tune formed on the basis of folk tunes since the Eastern Han Dynasty, characterized by sadness and sadness. Short song: tune the class name. Yuefu can be divided into long sentences and short sentences, which are distinguished according to "Quchang" (Yuefu poetry). Probably Long song mostly expresses passionate feelings, and short songs mostly express deep and sad thoughts. On this autumn night, the heroine is very sad. Holding a lyre, she tried to express her inexpressible feelings by playing A Qing Commercial Songs, but all her words were short and plaintive, and she could never sing a soft Long song. "Rites and Music" says: "Musicians will remain the same." The heroine is lonely and sad to the extreme. Even if she wants to play a different tune, how can she play it?

"The bright moon shines on my bed, and it's still early for the stars to flow west. Cowherd and Weaver Girl face each other from a distance, why are they confined to the river beam alone? " The heroine misses people far away sadly. Sometimes she sighs in the breeze, sometimes she sings softly and wanders around, and I don't know how long it will take. The moonlight shone through the curtains on her empty bed. She looked up at the blue sky and saw that the Milky Way had turned to the west. Only then did she know that the night was already deep. "The night is still early" has two meanings here. One is that the night is already deep. When will our heroine get through this bleak long night? The other layer is symbolic, which means that wars and corvees are endless, and the suffering of our heroine's life, like this long night, is still very long and endless! Facing this heavy night sky, looking up at this bitter galaxy and savoring this painful life, what should our heroine do to change her destiny as a weak woman? At this moment, her eyes suddenly fell on the bright stars on both sides of the Milky Way: Ah! Cowherd and Weaver Girl, my poor partner in bad karma, what sin do you have to let people separate you from each other on both sides of the galaxy like this? Morning glory and Weaver Girl are the main stars of Aquila and Lyra respectively. These two stars have long been described by the ancients in China as a persecuted couple who can't reunite. This is a well-known thing. These two words that the heroine said to Penny Weaver, such as anger, resentment and confusion, are not only for the two stars in the sky, but also for herself and millions of men and women who were forced to separate and could not reunite with their destiny. This voice is a strong appeal, a sad accusation and an angry protest. It seemed to resound through the sky at that time, and in the feudal society of nearly two thousand years, its resounding echo could be heard every year, every month and every moment. This pun, memorable, deep and loud ending is very wonderful.

The ideas expressed in the works are not complicated, and the theme is not particularly novel. However, Cao Pi, as an upper-class figure of the ruling class, can care about such a matter involving thousands of families, and he has placed such deep sympathy in his poems, which is commendable. In art, he vividly described the feelings and psychology of the lyric heroine. She is elegant and dignified, fiery and reserved, eager and dignified. The work skillfully combines the lyrical description of the scenery, the narration of the characters and the monologue of the heroine, forming a tragic style. Its rhetoric is gorgeous, and it also uses a lot of things from predecessors, but all this seems to be completely unintentional, without any traces of carving. This is the characteristic of Xing, and it is also a typical characteristic that Cao Pi's poems are different from other poets in Jian 'an. Cao Pi is a politician, but from his works, he often can't see his father Cao's bold spirit of taking the world as his duty, nor can he find his younger brother Cao Zhi's positive and eager thought of serving the country. There, there is always an inexhaustible feeling of bitterness and sadness. His words and feelings are lyrical, and he often likes to use a woman's tone. Therefore, Zhong Xing in the Ming Dynasty said that his poems were "elegant and elegant, but childlike" ("Ancient Poems Return"). In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Ruoming called his poems "like calligraphy, holding the heart, bowing his head and saying nothing, and looking back with no pity" (Selected Ancient Poems of Caijitang). Ge Yanxing can be said to be the most representative work of Cao Pi's thought and artistic style. The predecessors spoke highly of these two poems. Wuqi in Qing Dynasty said: "The style is extremely desolate, twelve characters, end to end, but twists and turns in the middle, which is really outstanding." Wang Fuzhi said: "There is no difference between ancient times and modern times in terms of feelings, colors and sounds." (Jiang Zhai Shi Hua)