The five most famous hermits in the Three Kingdoms: Who else do you know besides Mr. Shuijing?

A hermit is a hermit. The personality characteristic of a real hermit is to seek poetic dwelling, which is a return to human nature and a liberation from the complex of official seclusion. For example, when Laozi went out to live in seclusion and Confucius was tired of traveling around the world, he said that the spring breeze of Yishui was "me and the point". Zhuangzi is used to intrigue, so he wants to return to nature; Tao Yuanming's official career is tired, so he sees Nanshan leisurely under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums. During the Three Kingdoms period at the end of Han Dynasty, many celebrities chose to live in seclusion due to war and other factors. For example, Zhuge Liang actually lived in seclusion before going to the thatched cottage. Of course, Zhuge Liang finally chose to go out to assist Liu Bei. But as far as the five hermits I want to talk about are concerned, almost all of them live in seclusion, that is, they have never really worked for Wei, Shu and Wu.

I. Si Mahui

Si Mahui (? —208), the word Cao De, was born in Yangzhai, Yingchuan (now Yuzhou, Henan). A hermit at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was well versed in Daoism, Qimen, Art of War and Confucian classics. Known as "Mr. Water Mirror". Pang Tong, a native of Nanjun, heard that Si lived in Yingchuan, so he walked two thousand miles to visit him. Si Mahui and Pang Tong talked day and night. After the talk, Si Mahui admired Pang Tong, saying that Pang Tong was the first celebrity in Zhou Nan, which made Pang Tong gradually known to others. 198 (three years of Jian 'an), Liu Biao, a herdsman in Jingzhou, widely recruited celebrities in the world. In this regard, Mr. Shui Jing thinks that Liu Biao is narrow-minded and therefore unwilling to work for him.

He has close contacts with Pang Degong, a famous scholar in Jingzhou, and friends such as Han Song, Shi Tao, Cui who have been to Xiangyang. Si Mahui regarded Pang Degong as his elder brother and was called "water mirror" by Pang Degong. Later, Liu Bei, a member of Liu Biao and stationed in Xinye, visited Si Mahui and discussed the world with Si Mahui. When Liu Bei asked who could be called Jie Jun, Si Mahui replied, "Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong". At the same time, Xu Shu once recommended Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong to Liu Bei. Liu Bei appointed Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong as commanders. In 208 AD (13th year of Jian 'an), Cao Cao went south, Liu Cong surrendered, and Si Mahui was also captured by Cao Cao. Cao Cao wanted to reuse him, but Si Mahui died soon after.

Second, Pang Degong.

Pang Degong, a native of Xiangyang, Jingzhou, was a celebrity and hermit in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Pang Degong has close contacts with Xu Shu, Si Mahui, Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong. Pang Degong once called Zhuge Liang "Wolong", Pang Tong "Feng Chu" and Si Mahui "Water Mirror", which is famous for knowing people. It had a great influence on Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong and others in his early years and was highly praised by Zhuge Liang.

According to the historical records such as the History of the Three Kingdoms, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Biao, the secretariat of Jingzhou, invited Pang Degong to the DPRK several times, but Pang Degong refused to take office. So, Liu Biao personally hired Pang Degong. However, Pang Degong is still unwilling to play for Liu Biao. It is worth noting that Zhuge Liang has great respect for Pang Degong. Every time I visit Pang Degong, I visit him alone under the bed. Later, Zhuge Liang gradually gained the attention and concern of Pang Degong. So in my opinion, Pang Degong can be said to be Zhuge Liang's teacher. Pang Degong finally lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain and died collecting herbs.

Third, Zhang Yi

Zhang Yi (A.D. 136- A.D. 240) is a giant deer. Hermits and musicians from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period were proficient in divination. Zhang Yi lived from the Eastern Han Dynasty to Cao Wei and Cao Fang, and was drafted by the court many times, but he always avoided it and refused to be an official. For example, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, after Cao Cao became prime minister, he also surrendered Zhang Yi, but Zhang Yi still shouldn't. In the first year of Cao Fangzheng (240), Zhang Yizhu died at the age of 105. It is worth noting that Zhang Yi, a hermit, lived 105 years old, and was one of the longest-lived people in the Three Kingdoms period.

Fourth, Zhao Hu.

Zhao Hu (A.D. 16 1- A.D. 250) was born in Kongming Yingchuan (now Yuzhou, Henan). Hermits and calligraphers in the Three Kingdoms period. Hu Zhaoshan's official script is as famous as Zhong You, Han Danchun, Wei Ji and Dan Wei. There is a saying that "Zhong Xiaohu is bold and unconstrained", and the world also calls it "Hu Zhong". As far as Zhao Hu is concerned, he has a profound friendship with Sima Yi, and even saved Sima Yi's life.

This point is recorded in the biographies of the Three Kingdoms, Guan Yu and Guan Yu, and it is also recorded in the Biography of Gao Shi quoted by Pei: When the emperor was clothed, he was with Zhao Jiu. Zhou Sheng and other people in the same county murdered the emperor, but when they heard about it, they took risks. They were invited to be born between Yan and Bo, but refused to be born. Cry sincerely, feel its meaning, and stop. Zhao allied with Zizyphus jujuba and separated. Although Zhao has the virtue of an emperor, he will never say anything, and no one knows.

Sima Yi had a good relationship with Zhao Hu when he was a teenager. Chow Sang wanted to kill Sima Yi. After Zhao Hu knew it, he ventured to find it immediately, found Zhou Sheng and his party between Mianchi and Xiaoshan, and asked them to let Sima Yi go. Chow Sang refused at first, but Zhao Hu's sincerity in crying finally moved him and saved Sima Yi.

In this regard, in my opinion, Zhao Hu probably didn't think that Sima Yi, who had been saved by himself, would become an important opponent with another Kongming-Zhuge Liang. Of course, although I have a deep relationship with Sima Yi. However, Zhao Hu didn't want to play for Cao Wei. In the second year of Jiaping (AD 250), Zhao Hu died. Thus, although Zhao Hu's age is not as good as that of Zhang Yi, he lived to be close to 90 years old, and he was also called the longevity star in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of Han Dynasty.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Ning Guan

Ning Guan (158-24 1 year), with the word Youan. Many people in Beihai County (now the southeast of Anqiu and Linqu County in Shandong Province). A famous hermit from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period. Guan Ning is a descendant of Guan Zhong, a famous official of Qi State in the Spring and Autumn Period. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was chaos in the world. In order to avoid the war in the Central Plains, Ning Guan came to Liaodong with Wang Lie, a native of Liyuan Pingyuan. In May of the seventh year of Huang Chu (226), Cao Pi died, and Ming Di Cao Cao acceded to the throne. In December, being appointed as Qiu of Hua Xin, Hua Xin resigned and was willing to give Qiu's position to Guan Ning, but Cao Cao disagreed. But Guan Ning was called GuangLuXun by imperial edict. At that time, Chen Qun also recommended Guan Ning, but was rejected by Guan Ning.

In the first year of Jingchu (237), Stuart Chen Jiao died and Stuart was suspended for half a year. The following year, Cao Cao asked Lu Yu who could be Stuart. Lu Yu recommended Ning Guan, but Cao Cao didn't want it. Two years ago (24 1), I, Yongning Weiwei Meng Guan, Shi Yong, Zhongshu Assistant Minister and others recommended Ning Guan to Cao Fang, and Cao Fang hired him with the ceremony of "boarding the wheels and binding the silks", which coincided with Guan Ning's death at the age of 84. So, like the hermit mentioned above, Ning Guan never worked for the court. What do you think of this?