Which dynasty was Zhuge Liang from?

Zhuge Liang statue

Zhuge Liang (July 23, 65438+081—August 28, 234), a native of Yang Du (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), was an outstanding politician, strategist, inventor and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period. When he was alive, he was named Wuxiang Hou, and he was called Zhong Wuhou. Later, in order to admire Zhuge Liang's military talents, the Eastern Jin regime named him King Wuxing. The representative works include Front Model, Back Model and Book of Commandments. Invented wooden ox and flowing horse, Kongming lantern and so on. Chengdu has Wuhou Temple. In addition, Du Fu, a great poet, also has the classic Shu Xiang handed down from ancient times. Chinese name: Zhuge Liang

Alias: Kongming, from Wolong.

Nationality: China (Three Kingdoms in Eastern Han Dynasty)

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Birthplace: Langya Yang Du (now yinan county, Linyi)

Date of birth:181July 23rd.

Date of death: August 28, 234

Occupation: politician, strategist, inventor, strategist.

Representative works: Teacher's Watch (before and after), Book of Commandments, etc.

Height: 184cm

Official position: Prime Minister

Title: Hou of Wuxiang

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personal data

The life of the character

Zhuge Liang chronology

Historical evaluation

Achievements in governing the country

artistic attainments

Literary works

Related film and television

Personal invention

The Mystery of Zhuge Liang's Farming

Commemoration of future generations

Later generations comment on poetry.

Related allegorical sayings

Related proverbs

Related idioms

Related couplets

Related games

Post bar photo album

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personal data

Birthday: A.D. 18 1 14th day of the fourth lunar month.

Body: Eight feet long (according to the contract of weights and measures in the Eastern Han Dynasty, 184cm), very handsome, full of pride, sometimes extremely intelligent, courageous and resourceful (from Zhuge Liang Collection by Chen Shou, see the attached page of Zhuge Liang Biography of Three Kingdoms), and died at the age of 54.

Official position: prime minister, a captain in charge of the official department, Yizhou animal husbandry official, official record, and our ambassador.

Title: Wu Xianghou, Wu Xingwang (pursued by the Eastern Jin Dynasty)

Ancestor: Zhuge Feng (a captain in Li Si, Western Han Dynasty)

Portrait of Zhuge Liang

The portrait of Zhuge Liang's father: Zhuge Jue (completed in Taishan County at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty)

Mother: Zhang

Uncle: Zhuge Xuan (magistrate of yu zhang)

Spouse: Huang Yueying (Huang Shuo)

Kinship: Zhuge Dan

Brothers: Zhu Gejin (brother) and Zhuge Jun (brother)

Children: Zhuge Zhan (parent-child), Zhuge Guo (father and daughter) and Zhuge Qiao (adopted son, former son).

Grandsons: Zhuge Shang (the eldest son), Zhuge Jing (the second son) and Zhuge Pan (Zhuge Ke was convicted after adopting his son, so he belongs to Zhu Gejin).

Great-grandson: Zhuge Hao (Pan Zi)

Heir: Jiang Wei

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The life of the character

Cultivate Long Mu.

Zhuge Liang was born in the 4th year of Han Dynasty (A.D. 18 1), an official family in Yang Du County, Ye Lang. Zhuge family is a Ye Lang family. Zhuge Feng, the ancestor of Zhuge Liang, served as Qiu in the Western Han Dynasty, and Zhuge Gui, Zhuge Liang's father, served as the Taishou of Taishan County at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died at the age of 3, and Zhuge Liang lost his father at the age of 8. He and his younger brother Zhuge Jun came to Zhang Yu with his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed as the prefect of Zhang Yu by Yuan Shu. The Eastern Han court sent Zhu Hao instead of Zhuge Xuan, and Zhuge Xuan went to Jingzhou to shepherd Liu Biao. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang and his younger brother Zhuge Jun lived in seclusion and tilled the fields in Nanyang.

make three calls at the thatched cottage/repeatedly request sb to take up a post

In the second year of Jian 'an (197), Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan died of illness; Zhuge Liang always misses Fu Liang.

Yin, and often compare himself with Guan Zhonghe. At that time, people were dismissive of him, and only friends such as Xu Shu and Cui believed in his talent. Known as "Wolong". Make friends with Jingzhou celebrities such as Pang Degong and Huang. Huang once said to Zhuge Liang: "Wen Jun chooses his wife; Ugly girls with yellow heads and blackheads, but they are all worth matching. I heard that you want to choose a wife. There is an ugly girl in my family with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent can rival yours. ) "Zhuge Liang agreed to this marriage and immediately married her. At that time, people played it as a joke, and there was even a proverb in the village: "Don't choose a wife for Kong Ming, you will get an ugly girl." (quoted from Xiangyang Ji)

Longzhong countermeasure

Working hard at Longmu is good for Fu Liang Yin. He is eight feet long, and every time he compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, he is incomparable. Cui and Yingchuan of Boling are straightforward and bright, friendly and honest.

Be the first master to station a new field. When Xu Shu met the first master, he took care of the equipment first. He said, "Zhu Gekongming, Wolong, do you want to see him?" The late Lord said, "Come with me." Cao Shu said, "You can meet this man, but you can't give in to him. The general should be in charge. "

Zhuge Liang

Zhuge Liang was enlightened by his predecessor and visited Mao Lu. Because the screen man said, "The Han Dynasty is dead, and the traitor stole his life, my Lord."

Dust. Lonely and incompetent, want to believe in human justice; And wisdom is short, so use it. As for today. However, the ambition is not over yet, and you said that the plan will come out? "

Liang replied, "Since Dong Zhuo came, there have been many heroes, and countless people have crossed the state and even the county. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao has a small name and few people. However, Cao defeated Shao and defeated the strong with the weak. Not only was the weather bad, but he also suppressed others. Today, millions of Cao Cao are vassals with the emperor. This sincerity is indisputable. According to Sun Quan, he lived in Jiangdong for three generations, and the country was in danger of the people. He can use it. It can be used for aid, but not for profit. Jingzhou is bordered by Han and Mian in the north, benefiting from the South China Sea, Wu Hui in the east and Bashu in the west. This is a country that uses force, but its owner can't stay. This is almost heaven, so it is a general. Does the general care? Yizhou is a dangerous place, fertile land is thousands of miles away, and the land of abundance makes Gaozu emperor. Liu Zhang is weak, Zhang Lu is in the north, the people are rich but don't know how to keep shirts, and the wise think of the wise. The general is both the emperor's palace and loyal to the four seas. He is a hero, eager for wisdom. If there are advantages and interests, he will protect his rock resistance, he will be brave in the west and brave in the south, and he will do a good job in foreign relations and domestic politics with Sun Quan. If the world changes, a general will be ordered to lead Jingzhou troops to Wan and Luo, and the general will lead Yizhou people out of Qinchuan. Who dares to meet the general without eating kettle pulp? If this is the case, the hegemony can be reached and the Han family can flourish. "

The late Lord said, "Good!" So I got very close to Liang Qing.

Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were unhappy, and the late master explained, "There is a hole in the sky alone, and there is water in the fish. May you say nothing. " Feather, flying is the only way.

Chibi war

At that time, Liu Biao's son Liu Qi was repeatedly slandered by his stepmother, and Liu Biao gradually became dissatisfied with Liu Qi. Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang for advice on self-defense several times, but Zhuge Liang often refused. At a banquet, Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang to tell him the solution by taking the ladder from home. Zhuge Liang asked Liu Qi, "Don't you know that Shen Sheng is in danger now and Zhong Er is safe outside? You were in danger if you didn't see Shen Sheng in the Spring and Autumn Period, but can Zhong Er (referring to Jin Wengong) be safe outside? ) "At that time, Huang Zu was killed by Dongwu, and Liu Qi was recommended as Jiangxia satrap to protect himself.

In August of the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Liu Biao died of illness, and his second son Liu Cong succeeded to the throne. Hearing the news that Cao Cao was going south, he sent messengers to surrender. After learning the news of Fancheng, Liu Bei led the army and civilians to flee to the south. Cao Jun chased Liu Jun in Changsaka, Dangyang, and Xu Shu's mother was captured by Cao Cao's army. Xu Shu had to surrender to Cao Cao.

When Liu Bei arrived in Xiakou, Sun Quan sent Lu Su to observe the situation and suggested to Liu Bei to ask Sun Quan for help. Zhuge Liang recommended himself to Chai Sang and made friends with Lu Su. After arriving in Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met with Sun Quan and first gave Sun Quan two choices by dichotomy: "If wuyue people can compete with China, it is better to get rid of it as soon as possible (if Wu Yuezhi's military strength can compete with the Central Plains, it is better to break diplomatic relations with Cao Cao as early as possible)"; Another option is to use the provocation method. "If not, why not put the case in the north!" If you think you can't resist, why don't you stop military action and surrender to the north! "North" has a double meaning here: First, Cao Cao is in the north; The second is that when the monarch and the minister meet, the officials generally face the north. )"

Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang why Liu Bei didn't surrender. Zhuge Liang raised Liu Bei's social status, saying that Liu Bei had backbone and would never surrender to show Sun Bei's determination. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei had left to fight. Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. First, he said that there were 10,000 people in Guijun and Guan Yu's water army, and there were no fewer than 10,000 Jiangxia soldiers in Liu Qifan. Then he said that Cao Jun was exhausted from a long distance. He chased Liu Beishi and walked more than 300 miles a day and a night with a Qingqi. That is "a spent force, it is impossible to wear Lu Mao"; Moreover, northerners do not learn water warfare, and Jingzhou people are forced to obey Cao Cao, unconvinced; Finally, Cao's defeat is certain. Sun Quan is very happy. Later, after lobbying by Lu Su and Zhou Yu, he decided to unite Liu against Cao and sent Zhou Yu, Lu Su to lead 30,000 water troops against Cao Cao.

Zhuge Liang went back to Liu Bei with the army; In November, Cao Cao's army was attacked by Sun Liulian in Chibi, and there was a plague in the army, which was defeated.

Adequate food, weapons and equipment

After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei pacified the four counties in Jingnan in December, appointed and dismissed Zhuge Liang as a military commander, lived in Lin Xuan, supervised Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha counties, and was responsible for adjusting taxes and enriching military resources. In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Yizhou Pastoral Liu Zhang sent Fazheng and Mengda to ask Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun guarded Jingzhou. In December of the following year, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Shu to help out, leaving Guan Yu in charge of Jingzhou's defense, dividing troops to pacify counties and counties, and forming a capital with Liu Bei. In the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei entered Yizhou.

Zhuge Liang received 500 Jin of gold, 50 million yuan of silver 1000 Jin, and 0/000 pieces of brocade/kloc-0, and was appointed as a strategist and general, in charge of the general's office.

Every time Liu Bei sent troops to attack, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and providing Liu Bei with adequate food and clothing. For example, in the battle of Hanzhong, he provided resources for Liu Bei.

In the first year of Emperor Yankang of the Han Dynasty (220), Cao Pi usurped the independence of Han Dynasty. In the second year of Wei Huang (22 1), ministers heard the news that Emperor Xian was killed and advised Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to be the emperor. Liu Bei refused, and Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei with the story of Geng Chun lobbying Liu Xiu to be emperor. So Liu Bei promised Zhuge Liang to be prime minister, record history and have a holiday; In the same year, Zhang Fei was killed and Zhuge Liang became a captain.

Baidicheng Tuogu

In August of the second year of Zhangwu (222), Liu Bei was defeated on the way to recapture Jingzhou and retreated to Yongan. Zhuge Liang lamented that Fa was about to go, or Liu Bei's crusade would be stopped.

Baititogu

In February of the third year of Zhangwu (223), Bai Di entrusted an orphan to Liu Bei, who was seriously ill, and called Zhuge Liang to Yong 'an and entrusted him to Li Yan.

After paying the funeral expenses, Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to settle down in the world and eventually achieve great things. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If he is incompetent, you can bear it yourself. Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will be able to achieve great things in the end. If the adopted son (Liu Chan) can help, help him; If he has no talent, you can take it yourself. " Zhuge Liang said with tears, "How dare I exhaust my strength to serve Loyalty Festival and then die! I will try my best to serve the faithful solar terms until I die! ) "Liu Bei asked Liu Chan to treat Zhuge Liang as his father.

In April, Liu Bei died, and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, making Zhuge Liang the marquis of Wuxiang and opening a yamen. Soon, Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang to take charge of Yizhou pastoral administration, and Zhuge Liang decided. It turned out that South China took the opportunity to rebel because of Liu Bei's crushing defeat. Zhuge Liang did not send troops because the country had just lost its monarch, but sent Deng Zhi and Kyle to Soochow to repair it.

south

It was not until the spring of the third year of Jianxing (225) that Zhuge Liang led the army south. Before he left, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Aliang a gold cymbal and a curved cover. He advocated one before and one after, with 60 warriors. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land (idiom: the barren land is bhamo on the northern border of Myanmar today) to crusade against Lv Yong and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang adopted the advice of joining the army in Ma Su, focusing on attacking the enemy. He first defeated Lv Yong's army, then captured Meng Huo seven times, and settled all the chaos in the autumn. After the Shu Han settled in the south and obtained some supplementary troops, after a long period of accumulation, they had the foundation of the Northern Expedition.

Pu 'er tea "tea ancestor"

China tea culture has a long history, so I have to say Zhuge Liang's contribution to tea culture. Kong Ming led his army south to Yunnan, and the soldiers were sick in the mountains because of miasma poisoning. One day, Zhuge Liang dreamed that the white-haired old man had a dream and had an epiphany on how to treat diseases with tea. The tea was cured and the morale was greatly boosted. In order to thank the white-haired old man for his dream and to benefit the local people, Zhuge Liang planted a large number of tea seeds on the local mountains after the battle, planted tea into forests, and taught the local people the skills of making tea. In ancient tea areas of Yunnan, there were "Kongming" and "Kongming Tea". Every year, on July 23rd of the lunar calendar, on Kongming's birthday, the local people hold a "tea ancestor meeting" to commemorate the virtues of tea seeds, health and advanced culture brought by Kongming.

northern expedition

1. In the spring of 228 in the sixth year of lite, Zhuge Liang raised his voice and took Xiegu Road ahead of schedule, so that Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi set up suspected soldiers to attract Cao Zhen's heavy troops and led their own troops to attack Qishan (now northwest of Xihe County, Gansu Province). Nan 'an, Tianshui and Anding counties in Longyou opposed Wei's attachment to Shu. Zhang He refused to break Ma Su in the street pavilion. Zhuge Liang pulled more than 1000 families back to Hanzhong from Xixian County. This is the first time out of Qishan.

2. In the winter of the same year, Zhuge Liang went to Sanguan (now southwest of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) to surround Chencang (now east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) and returned all the grain to Hanzhong. Wei Zhui was beheaded.

3. In the spring of 229, the seventh year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to attack Wudu (now Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and Yin Ping (now Wenxian County, Gansu Province). Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, led the troops to rescue him. Out to Jianwei (now west of Xihe County, Gansu Province), Guo Huai withdrew, so he got the second county.

4. In the autumn of lite eight years (230), Wei Jun attacked Hanzhong, Sima Yi went to Xicheng (now northwest of Ankang City, Shaanxi Province), Zhang He went to Woods Valley, and Cao Zhen went to Gu Jie. Zhuge Liang was stationed in Chenggu (now east of Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province) and Akasaka (now twenty miles east of Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province). It rains thirty times, and Wei Jun retreats. In the same year, Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan and Wu to Qiang, and defeated Fei Yao, the general after Wei Dynasty, and Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, in Yuyang River (now Nan 'an County, southwest of Wushan Mountain in Gansu Province).

5. In February of the 9th year of Jianxing (23 1), Zhuge Liang led an army to attack Qishan, only to get lucky. When Cao Zhen was seriously ill, the Guanzhong commander Sima Yi refused. Zhuge Liang cut wheat in Shangguan (now Tianshui County, Gansu Province). Sima Yi chased the light to Lucheng (now between Tianshui City and Gangu, Gansu Province), dug up the camp and held on, which was a mockery of "fearing Shu like a tiger". In May, Sima Yi led a crusade against Zhuge Liang, and Zhuge Liang fled in defeat. The Shu army won the first enemy's 3,000-level armor, 5,000-level armor and 3,100 crossbows. In June, Li Yan called back because of poor grain transportation. Zhang He chased Liang, retreated to the wooden door and was shot dead by an arrow. This is his second time out of Qishan.

6. In February of the 12th year of lite (234), Zhuge Liang led a great army out of Gu Jie Road. According to Wu Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan South, Shaanxi Province), he settled in Weibin. During this period, Zhuge Liang gave Sima Yi a headscarf and hair accessories for a woman, and Sima Yi could not bear to be humiliated. In August, Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan. Yang Yi and others led the army back, and there was a story about "Zhuge died and Zhong Dasheng was born".

The six battles, Qishan only twice; The fourth time, Wei Jun took the initiative to attack, and the Shu army defended. Due to continuous rainstorm and flash floods, the plank road was washed away, and Shu and Wei surrendered without a fight.

Descendants of Zhuge Liang

When Zhuge Liang was 46 years old, his own son Zhuge Zhan was born. According to historical records, Zhuge Zhan was only eight years old when Zhuge Liang died. But he was smart and cute since he was a child. He is good at painting and calligraphy and has a strong memory. When he grew up, he started as a junior officer and rose to the position of military adviser and general once held by his father.

Later, General Zhuge Zhan was appointed as an official of Wei. Wei once managed the affairs of Shu. When Wei's general Deng Ai marched eastward to Shu, Zhuge Zhan led the army to resist, refused to be lured by Wei Jun, and died in Mianzhu. At that time, his son, Zhuge Shang, was only seventeen years old and died in battle. When Zhuge Zhan was martyred, his second son, Zhu Gejin, was too young to join the army and fight, so he survived.

After the Jin Dynasty unified the Three Kingdoms, Zhu Gejin was moved to the Central Plains by the new dynasty to recruit talents. Zhu Gejin became the magistrate of Meixian County in the border region and managed it well. At that time, his grandfather Zhuge Liang tried to attack Meixian many times, but all failed. Unexpectedly, history played a little joke on him and made his grandson, whom he had never met before, the county magistrate here.

Zhuge Liang's eldest brother, Zhu Gejin, joined Dongwu in his early years and won the respect of Sun Quan. Later, officials reached the highest military positions such as generals. His eldest son, Zhuge Ke, was even more brilliant in Wu Guoquan at that time. Later, he died in a coup and the Zhuge family in Soochow was hacked to death.

Zhuge Dan, Zhuge Liang's cousin, followed Cao Cao very early and served as a first-class official in Wei. After being beaten by Sima's family, all the family members were killed. As a result, apart from the people in Langya's hometown, the only survivor recorded in the history books is Zhuge Liang's grandson Zhu Gejin. After serving as the magistrate of Meixian County, Zhu Gejin continued to be promoted, and finally the official went to Jiangzhou to make a secretariat ... Since then, there is no record of Zhu Gejin's descendants in the history books.

So, does Zhuge Liang have direct descendants to pass on to this day? At present, there are a group of people named Zhuge in Linyi, Shandong Province and Lanxi, Zhejiang Province. They all have their own genealogy to record their relationship with Zhuge Liang. In Zhejiang, descendants of Zhuge are almost all over the province. But it is said that they all originated in Zhuge Village, Lanxi City, Zhejiang Province.

Since the Ming Dynasty, Zhuge people in Lanxi mainly engaged in traditional Chinese medicine. It is said that this is the ancestral motto of "either a good doctor or a good doctor". Later, they gradually developed in this industry. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, Zhuge people opened their own Chinese medicine shops all over Zhejiang, even in major cities across the country, and formed a commercial gang called "Lanxi Medicine Gang", which was very popular. At the same time, it has also created many gorgeous and exquisite residential buildings in Zhuge Village today.

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Zhuge Liang chronology

Year, age, life and deeds

In the fourth year of Guanghe (A.D.1811ad181month), Zhuge Liang was born in Yang Du (now yinan county, Shandong).

In the sixth year, 189 9 Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died.

Chu Ping three years 192 12 Zhuge Liang's father died.

In the first year of Xingping, 194 14 Zhuge Liang, his brother Zhuge Jun and his sister were adopted by his uncle Zhuge Xuan, and his brother Zhu Gejin went to Jiangdong with his stepmother.

In the second year of Xingping, 195 15 Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was appointed as the prefect of Zhang Yu, and he and his brothers and sisters went to Zhang Yu (now Nanchang) with his uncle.

In the second year of Jian 'an, 197 17 Zhuge Xuan died. Zhuge Liang and his sister-in-law went to Liu Biao, Jingzhou, settled down in a hut in Longzhong, and began their life in Wollongong.

In the fourth year of Jian 'an, 199 19 Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied with Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror.

In the twelfth year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei went to Longzhong to visit the cottage. Zhuge Liang said "Long Zhong is right" to Liu Beichen, and then went out to help Liu Bei.

In the twelfth year of Jian 'an, Zhuge Liang fought in the first battle.

In the 13th year of Jian 'an, Zhuge Liang went to Wu Dong to persuade Prince Sun Quan of Wu to resist Cao.

In the 14th year of Jian 'an, Zhuge Liang was appointed as a corps commander.

In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an, 2 1 1 3 1 Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun guarded Jingzhou.

In the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14 34), Zhuge Liang left Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou, parted ways with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun, and joined forces with Liu Bei. Liu Bei captured Chengdu, Zhuge Liang served as the chief strategist and left the general office.

20 years of Jian 'an 2 15 35 Zhuge Liang rectified Bashu's internal affairs.

In the twenty-third year of Jian 'an, Zhuge Liang stayed in Bashu to supply Liu Bei who was fighting in Hanzhong.

In the first year of Zhangwu in the middle of Shu, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of "Han", which was known in history. Zhuge Liang was appointed Prime Minister of the Han Dynasty and led Yizhou Pastoral.

In the first year of Shu Jianxing, Liu Bei defeated Baidicheng, and Yongan trusted Zhuge Liang. After Liu Bei's death, Liu Chan acceded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the marquis of Wuxiang, in charge of Yizhou animal husbandry (Liu Chan called Zhuge Liang a patricide or father-in-law).

In the second year of the establishment of Shu, Zhuge Liang adjusted the internal affairs of Bashu.

Three years after the founding of Shu, Zhuge Liang led the army south to pacify the barbarians.

In the fifth year of Jianxing in the middle of Shu, Zhuge Liang went to the "model", stationed troops in Hanzhong, and went to the Northern Expedition that day.

In the sixth year of Shu Jianxing, 228 48, the street pavilion was lost in the Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su and reduced himself to the right general, acting as the Prime Minister.

In the seventh year of the founding of Shu, Zhuge Liang went north again, seized Wudu and Yin Ping, and resumed his position as prime minister.

Eight years after the founding of Shu, Zhuge Liang once again made a northern expedition.

In the ninth year of the founding of Shu, Zhuge Liang attacked Qishan in the northern expedition on 2315/kloc-0, defeated Wei Jun and killed Zhang He, a famous Wei.

In the eleventh year of Jianxing in the middle of Shu, Zhuge Liang was building a house and collecting grain.

In the twelfth year of Jianxing in the middle of Shu, Zhuge Liang went north again, and died of overwork in Wuzhangyuan in August of that year.

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Historical evaluation

Chen Shou's History of the Three Kingdoms: Zhuge Liang is also concerned about the country, comforting the people, showing etiquette, appointing people on their merits, obeying the power system, being sincere and fair; Although those who are loyal to the times will get revenge, those who violate the law and neglect their duties will be punished by their relatives, those who confess their feelings will be released, and those who are eloquent will be slaughtered. Good without reward, evil without fiber without degeneration; Ordinary things are concise, based on physics, with real responsibility for fame and fortune, hypocrisy and contempt; Finally, people who are afraid and love each other in the national territory, although the criminal law is harsh and there is no complaint, are trying to persuade them clearly. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern the country, and he is a horse of Xiao. But after years of mobilization, it still failed, and the cover strain will be slightly, which is not its strength!

Guanzi: the law is strict and the people are happy, and the people are exhausted without complaints. Its soldiers come and go like guests. They don't fight or hunt, just like in the country. Its use of troops is also like a mountain, advancing and retreating like the wind. On the day when the soldiers came out, the world shook, but people were not worried. China people have been singing and thinking for decades after Liang's death. For example, in the Zhou Dynasty, Confucius said that "harmony can also make the south" and Zhuge Liang was thoughtful.

Liu Bei: "There is Kong Ming in solitude and water in fish. May you say nothing. " "As long as you are ten times as long as xelloss, you can be safe and finally achieve great things. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If you are incompetent, you can take it yourself. "

Zhuge Liang, Romance of the Three Kingdoms animation

"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms Animation" Zhuge Liang Si Mahui: "Do Confucian scholars and laymen know current events? People who know the times care about Jie Jun. There are Wolong and Fenghuang here.

Young. "

Meng Huo: "Gong, Tianwei also, Nanren no longer rebelled."

Jia Xu: "Zhuge Liang is good at governing the country."

Ye Liu: "Zhuge Liang is a wise politician and a prime minister."

Xu Shu: "This person can see it right away, but he can't compromise. The general should be in charge. " "Zhu Gekongming, Wolong also"

Yang Hong: "Zhuge Liang can make the best use of people."

Ma Liang: "Your brother should praise the world in time, and his career should glorify the country. This is far away. It is appropriate to change her husband's consideration with elegance, judge her own value with clarity, and be simple with talent. If it is the sum of light and distance, it is the world of virtue, so that the time is closed to listening, the world is obedient to the Tao, the sound is high and wonderful, and the voice of political power is positive and beneficial to things. The two have nothing to do. This is the harmony between strings and teeth. "

Fan Jian: "If you smell evil, you should correct it instead of praising it. The letter of reward and punishment curses the gods. "

Zhang Wen: "If Zhuge Liang sees the plan, he will know that God's will is at work, and he will be blessed by the court to push his heart forward."

Sima Yi: "You are really a genius in the world.

Yang's "Han Jizan" praised Prime Minister Zhuge: "Being loyal and brave, I made suggestions on the riverside, climbed Wu, and endowed me with the true world. He was left behind by Ah Heng, who improved his martial arts prose, taught Chen Dejiao, changed his ways in charge, and was wise and foolish, and got carried away. In Youzhou, four generations of Yi Sui repeatedly came to the enemy's dynasty, showing their power and learning from a big country, and they hated it. "

Longhe: "The situation is bright, Germany and Fan are far and near, and the reputation is all over the world."

Sima Yan: "It's very kind of me to have this person to help me. How can I work today? "

Fu Gan: "Zhuge Liang knows change, but he is right and has a plan, but he is right and observes it."

Guo Chong: "Jincheng Guo Chong believes that if you are smart, you will be surpassed and your achievements will not be good. Those who are confused by the five civilizations are not known to the world, and Bao and others cannot get it back. " Fufeng Wang is generous and aggressive. "

Liu Chan worshiped Zhuge Liang's imperial edict: "The chief culprit in the battle of street kiosks was Ma Su, but you led me to bring disgrace to oneself, which seriously violated your wishes and resigned." . The year before last, Yao Shi smashed Xinmeile Co., Ltd.; At this age, Guo Huai fled; The surrender of Bian and Qiang, the revival of the two counties and the ferocity of Weizhen are obvious. Today, Fang was harassed, but Yuan Xie was not an owl. You have been entrusted with a great responsibility. You are doing the heavy work of the country, but you have lost yourself for a long time. That's why you beautify Hong Lie. Since you are the prime minister, you should not resign. ""Only you are civil and military, honest and sincere, and trust orphans. You can bow for me, and then you will be quiet and chaotic; Therefore, the Sixth Division has been reorganized and impressed, and Weizhen has been barren, and will make great contributions to Iraq and Zhou Zhirong. Why don't you hang up? Things are going to be awkward. You're dying! I am heartbroken and heartbroken. Fu Chongde made meritorious deeds, and Ji was born in posthumous title, so he will shine brilliantly in the future and make an immortal publication. Today, the general army is specially ordered to present the seal of the Prime Minister, and you are named the loyal minister Wu Hou. The soul has a spirit, and Jiazi is glorious. Alas! Alas! "

Emperor Kangxi: "Zhuge Liang Yun: Do your best until you die. Only Zhuge Liang can be such a minister. "

Sun Qiao in the Tang Dynasty: "The marquis of Wu has been dead for almost 500 years. Up to now, the people of Liang and Han have a strong legacy, temples and worshippers are all there, and the heart of loving the people has been so long. "

In the Western Jin Dynasty, Mei Tao praised Tao Kan and said, "The machine god is like Wei Wu, and the loyalty is like Kong Ming."

Changqu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty: "Governing the country is courtesy to the people, no complaints, no lynching, no tears."

Wang Tong of the Sui Dynasty said, "Zhuge Liang will not die, and the rites and music will flourish."

"Tang Cui Wen" recorded what Shangqi said in Preface to the Inscription of Wuhou Temple in Zhuge: "If official books and temples are eaten, they will become a code that will not be published. Every time there is a popular grass movement in Yamanouchi, it looks like a powerful god. If there is a drought, people all over the country will pray for clouds and rain, which means survival and no one will benefit, and life and death will be shared. Death is immortal, but it is more expensive than life. "

Lu Wen's Zhuge Wuhou Temple: "If you don't gather great glory, heaven will seize its soul. Sincerely unforgettable, the ice is in the sun and the moon, and the ferocity does not come away. It is a thunderstorm. "

Du Fu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once praised Zhuge Liang's deeds and wrote several poems about Zhuge Liang, including Shuxiang (including two poems with the same name), Four Monuments of Yonghuai, Zhu Gekongming, Eight Arrays, A Journey to Cooper, Temple of Wuhou, Temple of Zhuge and Ge Ye. In Shuxiang, the third call increased his burden of handling state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations. But before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats from then on, which became a famous sentence of Zhuge Liang's life. Other poets also wrote many poems praising Zhuge Liang, such as Reading Zhuge Wuhou's Book and Giving Chang 'an Uncle Cui Shaofu a Kunji; Zhuge Wuhou (two poems) by Wang Anshi, a statesman and writer in the Song Dynasty; Visiting Zhuge Wuhou's Desk by Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty; Visiting Zhuge Wuhou's Temple by Dou Chang in the Tang Dynasty; and Zhuge Wuhou's Temple by Zhang Xiaobiao in the Tang Dynasty.

While affirming Zhuge Liang's intelligence, Mao Zedong, a great man, also tried to analyze the reasons why Zhuge Liang failed to unify China. In view of Zhuge Liang's general strategy of capturing Jingzhou, Cao Wei and Yizhou in Longzhong Dui, he commented: "Although it was a mistake at the beginning, it was thousands of miles away and divided into two armies. In the end, Guan Yu, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang were invincible. " The previous sentence means that Zhuge Liang's strategy is inappropriate. Jingzhou and Yizhou are thousands of miles apart, and the practice of dividing the two places will inevitably make Shu Han lose its military advantage. The last sentence "three components" refers to Guan Yu guarding Jingzhou, Liu Bei attacking Wu Dong, and Zhuge Liang northern expedition to the Central Plains. The historical fact of "three components" eventually led to the loss of China's unified foundation. However, some people disagree with Mao Zedong's analysis. Longzhong hopes to support Jingzhou army's northern expedition with the whole Jingzhou, which is "beneficial to the South China Sea" and Yizhou implements the pincer strategy. However, Liu Bei later failed to realize it. Guan Yu lost his advantage in the battle of Xiangfan because of the loss of Nanjun, not because of separatist forces. On the other hand, Mao Zedong once commented on historical events such as the Lost Street Pavilion and the Ma Su: "The first battle is bright and it is appropriate to go to the battlefield." It is believed that Zhuge Liang should have led the army forward at that time, and should not have scattered his troops and entrusted him with heavy responsibilities.

This couplet hanging in Zhuge Liang Temple of Wuhou Temple in Chengdu was written by Zhao Fan, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, and attracted the attention of Mao Zedong and others. Its content is: "If you can attack his heart, then bring disgrace to oneself will learn from the ancient times, and the soldiers will not be able to fight;" Don't judge the situation, temper leniency with severity, and you have to think deeply in the future. "

Sun Yat-sen, the great revolutionary forerunner, praised Zhuge Liang in Three People's Principles and Democracy: "Zhuge Liang is very talented, so he can establish a good government in western Shu, make a northern expedition from six places in Qishan, and stand still with Wu Wei."