In which constellation is mm35 _m3 1?

Which of the twelve constellations is the most introverted?

In fact, the constellation has nothing to do with everyone's heart and personality: personality, formerly known as personality, has always been defined as the general term of personal thoughts, emotions, behaviors and attitudes. It is a branch of psychology, but personality disorder, formerly known as personality disorder, has always been monopolized by psychiatry. In the field of psychology, personality has been analyzed from five dimensions: neuroticism, extroversion, consistency, agreeableness and openness. , 1994). The American Psychiatric Association also published it in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) (APA, 1994). Personality disorders can be divided into ten categories: paranoid, schizophrenic, acting, narcissistic, antisocial (a-anti social), marginal, evasive, dependent, compulsive (objective-complex), and others are listed in the appendix (Lin Tiande, 1995). The former is statistical classification and the latter is clinical classification. What is the relationship between the two is still unknown. To solve the above problems, the clinical classification should be statistically processed first. The Psychiatric Association defines personality disorder according to symptoms. For example, paranoid personality has seven symptoms. As long as a person has four of them, he may suffer from this disease. However, whether these symptoms can be put together in this way is the first theme of this study. In the past, these personality disorders were divided into three categories: the first category was paranoia, schizophrenia and schizophrenia, with various symptoms; The second category is antisocial, marginal, theatrical, narcissistic and dramatic; The third category is escape, dependence, compulsion and sneaking, and its symptoms are deeply worrying. However, whether this clinical classification can stand the test of empirical research remains to be discussed. Therefore, the second purpose of this study is to find out the factor structure of these personality disorders. From the standpoint of civil training law (Lin Tiande, 1990), people with personality disorders such as behavior, compulsion, delusion, narcissism and antisocial can be said to love "fighting", that is, they like to seize other people's space in interpersonal communication; And people who have escape, dependence, schizophrenia and schizophrenia love to "run", and they shrink back in interpersonal communication. People with borderline personality disorder "hit" and "run" indiscriminately. People with borderline personality disorder, as the name suggests, run openly and fight secretly. Both "beating" and "running" run counter to "speaking" and are not human skills. So I assume that the stronger people's skills, the less they will suffer from personality disorder. The third purpose of this study is to test this hypothesis. Methods Samples were taken from the teaching and research section of Chengchi University in 1995, and two samples were taken from the summer school of primary education department of Beijing Normal University, with a total of 139 students. The average age is 38 years old (between 24 and 58 years old), marital status 103 people are married, 33 people are unmarried or divorced, and 3 people are unknown. There are two tools: First, the Adult Life Questionnaire (Lin Tiande, 1994) is used to measure people's personal skills, and the higher the score, the stronger the personal skills; The second is "How to behave", which is a self-made questionnaire. The interesting items are taken from the symptoms defined in DSM-IV (Lin Tiande, 1995). In order to prevent the subjects from recognizing their own personality, all the symptoms are arranged in a mixed way; For the convenience of answering, each symptom is given to the first person, and the following explanation is attached: Although dealing with people is very complicated, I have my own set, you have your own set, and he has his own set. This questionnaire is to explore the rules of communication with others, you and me. Honesty is the most important thing when you answer every question. Because I only do a survey, I don't need your name for matching, so I don't want you to register. I don't know your answer, and neither do others. Please write down your answers according to the questions on the answer sheet. If you think the problem matches your description, write down "3"; Half true and half false, write down "2"; All false, write "1". Data collection and analysis All the data were tested in the first class, and all except four absentees participated. The reason for the absence has nothing to do with the purpose of the study. Each personality disorder scale is the sum of the diseases it defines. In order to test the first purport of this study, firstly, the internal consistency reliability (Cronbach'sα) of each personality disorder scale is obtained, and the personal skills scale is tested. The results are listed in table 1. Table 1: mean, standard deviation and internal consistency reliability of personality disorder and interpersonal skills scale (N= 139) In order to test the purpose of the second study, the factor analysis of eleven recent personality disorder scales showed that the EIG-env values of two of them were greater than 1. Then do normalized maximum variance rotation to get the factor structure. In order to test the gist of the third study, the product-difference correlation between personal skills scale and personality disorder scale was sought. The results of these two tests are listed in Table 2. Table 2: The factor structure of personality disorder scale and its correlation analysis with people's related skills can end here, but for the convenience of discussion, I separate six personality disorder scales with internal consistency reliability lower than 0.60, namely schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, acting, antisocial, overt running and covert beating. Factor analysis of symptom items shows that the eigenvalue of 16 factors is greater than 1. There is little difference from the sixth, and the first five are 6.99, 2.55, 2.27, 2. 13, 1.83 respectively. So only five factors are taken as the axis of normalized maximum variance, and the results are shown in Table 3. Table 3: Factor structure of six personality symptoms, and then the items are reclassified into factor table according to high load. If a project has two or more loads, it is classified as the maximum load factor. Then, the internal consistent reliability, average value, standard deviation and the correlation coefficient with people-related skills of each factor scale are obtained. The results are shown in Table 4. Table 4: Correlation between the reliability of the four-factor scale and people-related skills. Then, the above five-factor scale was reanalyzed with five personality disorders: death, dependence, narcissism, escape and marginalization, and only one characteristic value was greater than 1(4.73). The correlation matrix between the original eleven personality disorder scales and five factors is listed in Table 5. Table 5: The correlation matrix results of eleven personality traits scale and five-factor scale and the discussion table 1 point out that the reliability of internal consistency of five personality traits, such as delusion, dependence, narcissism, avoidance and marginality, is greater than 0.60. Although there is no public cut-off value in academic circles, based on research experience, I think there is no doubt about the consistency of clinical symptoms of these five personality disorders. In other words, if the total is used for diagnosis or research, its meaning is clear and definite, and there should be no problem. On the contrary, personality disorders such as split, split, compulsion, acting, antisocial and running in the dark need to be corrected, especially antisocial personality disorders. The reliability of internal consistency of the factor scale in Table 4 is higher than 0.60 except the fifth factor. This shows that tearing personality disorder can be corrected. Let's test Table 3 and Table 5. The correlation between the first factor scale and the primary performance personality disorder is 0.69, and the correlation with other personality disorders is significantly lower. So this factor should be performance personality disorder. Looking at its contents, Table 3 points out that this factor only retains the sexual temptation, inability to use emotions, and attracting attention, plus "being in a bad mood, being argumentative, knowing ghosts and gods, being psychic, or having immortal feelings", but removes the symptoms such as discomfort and exaggerating feelings. This seems to mean that if we only pay attention to the external temptation behavior, but not the internal feelings, its meaning should be more clear and meaningful. Table 5 points out that the correlation between the second factor and schizophrenia personality disorder is as high as 0.83, far exceeding the correlation with other personality disorders. So this factor should be schizophrenic personality disorder. Table 3 points out that except for "little activity" and "unmoved by others", most of them retain the original symptoms, but add the symptoms of "fear of acquaintances" and "workaholic". This seems to say that if we only make a few amendments to schizophrenia personality disorder and focus on the indifference between people, its significance will be clearer. Factor 3 seems to be dominated by antisocial personality symptoms, but only the symptoms of "fraud, fighting, irresponsibility, no repentance" in the original meaning are retained, while the symptoms of "non-compliance, impulsiveness and neglect of safety" are gone. On the contrary, it brings symptoms such as "doing the right thing in secret, not being understood, doubting others, ignoring others, flirting with others". Therefore, this factor shows that it is easier to explain "antisocial personality disorder" if it is limited to irresponsible behavior between people. The fourth factor is personality disorder that didn't exist before. Call it impulsive personality disorder. It is characterized by impulsiveness, impressiveness, rebellion and regret, and neglect of safety. Factor 5 is similar to obsessive-compulsive disorder, but focuses on the "Excellence" side of things. Because there are only five items, and three of them have nothing to do with "Excellence", the reliability is lower than the original (see table 1 and table 4). The factor analysis results of the two scales do not support the clinical trisection. Table 2 points out that there are two factors, but the characteristic value of the second factor is much smaller than that of the first factor, so it is almost a single factor. When six personality disorders are replaced by five factors, only one factor will be obtained. In other words, DSM's top ten personality disorders are only convenient for clinical diagnosis. There is actually only one dimension between the two. This discovery needs to be verified in another sample. Table 1 supports the hypothesis of the third research theme. Except antisocial personality and narcissism, others are negatively correlated with interpersonal skills. Therefore, the stronger people's skills, the less likely they are to get personality disorder. However, perhaps sociopaths and narcissists have strong self-awareness and show close interpersonal skills, so they are not related. In a word, this study points out that among the eleven personality disorders in DSM-IV, the definitions of five personality disorders, such as paranoia, dependence, narcissism, escape and marginalization, can be used as before. However, four personality disorders, such as schizophrenia, compulsion, behavior and antisocial, should be modified and supplemented according to their main characteristics. As for the two types of personality disorders, they can be deleted, because what they contain has been replaced by their personality disorders. In addition, we should consider adding "impulsive personality disorder". But these personality disorders are separated only for the convenience of clinical diagnosis, because they are highly related. Because the more skilled people are, the less likely they are to suffer from personality disorder, which means that personal training methods can help alleviate personality disorder, but moral and social norms should be emphasized when treating antisocial and narcissistic people.