What astronomical achievements did the ancient Egyptians make 4700 years ago?

1. They made a calendar by observing the movements of the sun and Alpha Canis, that is, the Coptic calendar. The ancient Egyptians set a year as 365 days, 12 months a year, 30 days a month, and the remaining 5 days were festivals.

The practice of using the solar calendar in ancient Egypt was the earliest in the world, and this calendar is similar to what we use today. The ancient Egyptians divided the year into three seasons, each with four months. They also invented the water clock and sundial (that is, counting by the reflection of the sun), which divided the day into 24 hours.

2. The Egyptians not only observed Gong Ji near the North Pole, but also observed Swan, Mu Fu, Hou Xian, Orion, Scorpio, Aries and Pleiades. The biggest feature of the Egyptian observation of astrology is that the stars near the equator are divided into 36 groups, each of which can be used.

It can be several stars or only one star, and each group has 10 days, so it is also called ten-day star.

When a group of stars just rose from the horizon before dawn, it marked the arrival of this ten-day holiday. 30 days is a month, and 4 months is a month.

Seasons, three seasons are one year, three seasons are flood season, winter and summer respectively, sowing in winter and harvesting in summer. This is the earliest calendar in Egypt.

3. The Egyptians divided day and night into 12 hours, from sunrise to sunset as day and from sunset to sunrise as night, so the length of 1 hour is seasonal.

Change and difference. In order to show different times in different seasons, the Egyptians made the shape of the clepsydra into a truncated cone, which was used to use running water with different heights in different seasons.

There is also a special astronomical instrument used at night in Egypt, which is called Maikaite. Put a flat plate with a slit in the middle on a column along the north-south direction, and you can know that a star passes through the slit on the flat plate.

At the moment of crossing the meridian, its horizon height is known from the perspective of stars and plates. Maikaite, discovered today, was born about 1000 BC, and is the oldest astronomical instrument in Egypt.

Extended data:

Literary achievements:

1. Ancient Egyptian characters were written 3500 years ago, and they are hieroglyphics called holy books. This kind of writing is one of the oldest human writing, and it is often engraved on tombs, monuments, temple walls or stones of ancient Egyptians, so it is called "sacred writing".

2, 1799, French captain Pierre-Fuhansova Zavier Buchaga (Pierre-Fran? Ois Bouchard) discovered the Rosetta Stone in the port city of Rosetta in the Nile Delta. There are three kinds of characters engraved on the stone, namely sacred characters, secular characters and ancient Greek characters.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ancient Egypt