What other ambiguous words in ancient Chinese, such as "wife" and "soldier", have different meanings from now? thank you

List of common ancient and modern synonyms

1. The first emperor was not mean to his ministers, but gave up on himself and took care of them in the thatched cottage. ("model")

Mean-this means that the character is inferior. Humble in ancient times and humble in origin; Mean. mean. Often used as a word of modesty.

There are only 30 days before the ceremony of our meeting in the Tao. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)

However-a turning conjunction in the present sense. It's not too old-fashioned

Therefore, the younger brother need not be inferior to the teacher, and the teacher need not be superior to the disciple. ("Shi Shuo")

There is no need-in this sense or in this sense is unnecessary. The ancient meaning is not necessarily.

4. It's a woman's fault. ("Ximen Bao Governing Leaves")

Today is terrible. The ancient meaning is not beautiful. Very good, very beautiful.

The first day of the war was bad for the army. (Battle of Red Cliffs)

The first day-the first day of every month in the lunar calendar. The ancient meaning has just begun.

Before he was born, his knowledge of Tao also depended on me, so he learned from me. ("Shi Shuo")

Therefore-a conjunction that expresses the meaning of the word. In the ancient sense, the second half of the follow: conjunction supplemented the purpose of the previous action.

7. Dispose of your brother's last wish and start your own business! ("Birds fly southeast")

Punishment-Now, anyone who commits a crime or makes a mistake will be punished. Ancient meaning disposal, treatment.

8. Later, when soldiers were used, people were sent to sue the temple and take a small prison. (Introduction to Lingguan)

Engage in-do sth. (2) (according to the regulations) processing. The ancient meaning can generally refer to general officials.

9. Chu is five thousand miles away, holding a million halberds, and is the capital of overlord. ("self-recommendation")

Local-modern meaning ① refers to provinces, cities and counties, as opposed to "central". (2) refers to non-military departments, groups, etc. , as opposed to the "army." Area 3. The fourth part. In ancient times, land; Fang,.

10.① The river of no return is a romantic figure through the ages. ("Niannujiao? Chibi Nostalgia ")

(2) Romance is always blown away by wind and rain. ("Yong Yule? Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia ")

Romance-today's meaning (1) has performance and talent. (2) refers to the talented and informal. ③ refers to debauchery between men and women. Ancient meaning (1) outstanding figures or achievements; Handsome and outstanding. (2) the bustling scene, lasting appeal.

1 1. So those who are sent to guard the customs should be prepared for other thieves to come and go. ("The Hongmen Banquet")

Very-an adverb with profound meaning today; An accident in ancient times.

12. I was grateful, so I promised the first emperor to drive away. ("model")

Gratitude-today's meaning, because of help and have a good impression on people. The ancient meaning moved and excited.

13. Have the right to change clothes and pursue Yu Xia. (Battle of Red Cliffs)

Change clothes-change clothes today. There is an old saying that you are shy about going to the toilet.

14. The story of falling from the six countries because of the size of the world is that it is under the six countries again. (Six Kingdoms)

Story-something that is coherent, attractive and can be told. Ancient precedents, ancient things.

15. Call three old heroes and tell them all. (Chen She Uprising)

Heroes-people with outstanding talents in modern times. Ancient meaning (1) A person with prestige and status.

16. When it spreads all over the world, it will eliminate residue and filth for the Han family. (Battle of Red Cliffs)

Run amok-today's righteous acts are outrageous and run amok by violence. The ancient meaning gallops freely.

17.① Because of its wealth, it is a prosperous place.

2 In the noisy traffic, chickens and dogs hear each other. (Peach Blossom Garden)

Traffic-today's meaning ① access road. ② All kinds of transportation, post and telecommunications. The ancient meaning ① collusion, ② interaction.

18. Wan Zhen then led the teenagers out. ((Feng Wanzhen))

End-the present meaning develops or comes to the final stage, and will not continue. It's ancient and well-dressed.

19. Do your best and die. (Post-mode)

Bow down and salute today. The ancient meaning is respectful and cautious.

20. It's also a wild goose. (Yandang Mountain)

Concrete-the present meaning is not abstract or general. In ancient times, tools, tools, bodies and shapes.

2 1. Lead his wife to this desperate situation. (Peach Blossom Garden)

Despair-a situation with no way out today. Isolated areas in ancient times.

22. Call people, heroes and all accountants. (The Chen She Family)

Accounting-the person who manages financial work such as account income and expenditure in the present sense. Ancient righteousness meeting, gathering; Planning and discussion.

23. Every rich boy is a generous and successful person. (Inscription of Five Tombs)

Generosity-today's meaning ① Generosity, not meanness. (2) Full of righteousness and passion. The ancient meaning is high spirit and passion.

24.( 1) Poor health is unparalleled. Mother, please. (Peacock flies southeast)

(2) Poor clothes are better than charcoal. ("Selling Charcoal Weng")

Pity-the meaning of today (1) deserves pity. It' s not worth mentioning. The ancient meaning is cute. (2) It is worthy of sympathy.

It is wise to hold a sacred hearing to commemorate the legacy of the first emperor. ("model")

Opening-Opening of Jinyi Store. The ancient meaning is not closed and extensive.

In front of the cold horse, she finally gave herself as a wife to a businessman. ("Pipa")

Boss-the person who ranks first or highest among peers or colleagues. In ancient times, people were older.

27. The next order is to sit on the south side and be called General Liu. (Biography of Liu Jingting)

South-today's south, indicating the direction. Gu Yinan, South; Face, face, face.

28. The martyrs were full of courage in their later years. (Although the Tortoise is Born)

Martyr-a person who gave his life for justice and revolution. The ancient meaning refers to people who are interested in making contributions.

29. The king of Qin was overjoyed and showed his beauty (referring to the palace princess) and both sides. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)

Beauty-beauty in this sense. The ancient meaning refers to beauty, and it can also refer to geisha and maids.

30. As before. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)

Forward action or development. Before the ancient meaning, move forward; Go in and provide it.

3 1. I went to visit my relatives and work for you, just for your lofty righteousness. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)

Kin-a family or its members who are married to their own family. In ancient times, relatives and spouses included parents, uncles, sons and nephews, and people in the family of mother and wife.

32.① Disciples are similar, but they actually taste different;

(2) compared with the qin dynasty, the victory is actually one hundred times. (Six Kingdoms)

Actually-an adverb in the present sense means that it refers to the actual situation (with a turning point). The ancient meaning (1) its fruit. (2) the actual situation.

33. Autumn is bleak and dark. ("The hut was broken by the autumn wind")

Autumn.-it's autumn. Gu, autumn; Oh, my God, the sky.

34. Everyone in Zibu and Yuan Biao cares about their wives. (Battle of Red Cliffs)

Wife-modern spouse (woman). Ancient wives and children.

35. Carnivores seek it. (Cao Gui Debate)

Meat-meat food in the modern sense. In ancient times, eating meat. "Carnivore" refers to a high-ranking official with a good life.

36. The hero of Shandong brought the Qin family back to life. (Qin Dynasty)

Shandong-Modern Shandong Province. The ancient meaning refers to Chu, Zhao and other six countries, Yaoshan and Qin countries east of Hanguguan during the Warring States Period.

37. Liu Cong had no choice but to denounce crimes by relatives. (Battle of Red Cliffs)

Hand in hand-there is nothing to do now. Used with "nothing". Guyi surrendered.

38. Although the land was controlled by my late king, I would like to keep it. ("Sui Tang does not disgrace the mission")

Although-today's meaning means a conjunction of concession. Even so, even so. Although, although; Sure, so, so.

39. I didn't know there were Han Chinese, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties. (Peach Blossom Garden)

Anyway-now it means a conjunction with the same result under different conditions. Don't talk about ancient meaning, let alone.

40. Dare to add jade. (Cao Gui Debate)

Sacrifice-today righteousness dies for justice. In ancient times, animals were sacrificed.

4 1. The declaration reads: "If I see each other, I will feel humiliated." (Biography of Lian Di)

Declaration-A declaration by which a country, political party or group publicly expresses its opinions on major issues. The ancient meaning of public threats.

42. Ancient scholars must have teachers. ("Shi Shuo")

Scholars-now means people who have made academic achievements. People who studied in ancient times.

43. Call for a plan, that is, from now on, all the fifteen capitals will belong to Zhao (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru).

The past.-Now is the past. The ancient meaning is from here to there.

44. Talk freely and be hospitable. ((Battle of Red Cliffs))

Diligence-this means enthusiasm and thoughtfulness. Ancient care and greetings.

45. Because of the long sentences, songs are given to them. ("Pipa")

Because-a conjunction that expresses reasons in this sense. The ancient meaning went on to write.

46. Is the general interested? ("Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin")

Intention-this meaning has brains; On purpose. Guyi has some ideas and plans.

47. Since Miao Gong, there have been more than 20 emperors in the Qin Dynasty, and there have never been any firm and clear constraints. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)

Restraint-in the present sense, limit the scope. An ancient contract.

48. After Luz came, he met his husband. (Zhang Ren by the River)

Father-in-law-now refers to father-in-law. Old people and elders in ancient times.

49. The husband has earned a reputation for himself. ("Heroes will be recruited by Jiang Gan")

Husband-the spouse of an upright wife. Ancient people.

50. The jade is flawed, please advise the king. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)

Guidance-in this sense, the superior explains the principles and methods of dealing with problems to the subordinate or the elder to the subordinate. The ancient meaning shows people.

5 1. It can be said that intelligence is lonely and dangerous. (Six Kingdoms)

Intelligence-modern meaning refers to people's memory, observation, imagination, thinking, judgment and so on. Ancient wisdom and strength.

52. The sound of the collapse of the middle power. ("ventriloquism")

In this sense. In the ancient sense, in the middle; Between, mixed with.

53. If we can compete with the people of wuyue against China, we should stop before it is too late. (Battle of Red Cliffs)

China-Modern People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC). The ancient Central Plains. For example,

54. Think of your grandfather. You have uncovered the frost, cut the thorns and got a place to live. (Six Kingdoms)

Grandfather-the father of today's adoptive father. Ancient ancestors and fathers, grandparents and fathers.

55. Earthworms don't have the advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong. They eat Egyptian soil and drink yellow water. ("Persuade to Learn")

Intention-study hard or be willing to think about things (praise). The activity of ancient ideology (neutrality).

56. It never rains but it pours! (Battle of Red Cliffs)

Not a day-I don't know how much time passed today, a long time; The ancient meaning is not long.

57. On weekdays, a stroke often means ... (Chen She Family)

I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the flowery spring morning and the moonlit autumn night. ("Pipa")

Often-this means often; There are ancient meanings everywhere. Often, often.

58. Now man is a knife and I am a fish (The Hongmen Banquet).

Fish-fish in this sense; In ancient times, fish and meat meant the object of bullying (noun).

59.( 1) Tianzi flourished in the Spring and Autumn Period. ("Public Safety Policy")

I don't know the spring and autumn. ("Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour")

Spring and Autumn-Today's meaning ① Summer and autumn; (2) the name of the times; Ancient meaning (1) age. ② One year.

60. Attention, Sir (The Legend of Zhongshan Wolf)

Attention-be careful, pay attention to this meaning; Consider the ancient meaning.

6 1.① Teacher Zhang raised his hand to fight the wolf (the legend of Zhongshan Wolf)

Raise your hand and work hard, and the two feelings are the same. ("Peacock flies southeast");

Raise your hand-the act of expressing approval or asking to speak; The ancient meaning begins. (2) Farewell.

62. At this point of national affairs, I can't help but cherish my body. What else can I talk about? ("Introduction to the Guide")

Mouth-right and wrong and quarrel caused by speech in the present sense; The ancient meaning of the tongue refers to speaking.

63. Today, the sea is one, and Lu Min does not avoid Tang Yu. ("On Your Millet")

Don't avoid-don't avoid this meaning; The ancient meaning is not inferior to.

64. Would you rather pay tribute? ("Liu Yichuan")

Greeting-this means greeting; Gu intends to express his thoughts to others.

65.( 1) Trying to save the country will repeat the same mistakes. In an article, there are three goals. (Biography of Qu Yuan)

2. Rethinking the Mongolian consciousness is thick and should not be repeated rashly, so we have today's method. ("Answering Sima's Suggestions")

Repetition-repetition in this sense; Ancient meaning (1) to reverse the situation. (2) correspondence.

66. However, all ancestors of Qu Yuan's calm words dare not directly remonstrate. (Biography of Qu Yuan)

Calm down-don't worry today; Gorgeous ancient meaning, gorgeous words.

67. It's also cheap. ("Lin Daiyu enters Jia Fu")

Cheap-modern commodity prices are low; The ancient meaning is convenience.

68. I like children and hooligans best, lying on the stream peeling lotus flowers. (Xin Qiji's "Qingpingle").

Rogue-today's rogue; Sharp and provocative, unreasonable; The ancient meaning is lively and fun.

69. My ancestors died early, so my father also died. ("The Snake Catcher said")

So-this meaning bears the conjunction; This is the ancient meaning.

70. My behavior is the first, and it is justified. (Inscription of Five Tombs)

Behavior-modern action; Gu Yixing, good conduct; Do sth.

7 1. When the tiger saw it, he thought it was a monster and a god. (Donkey in Guizhou)

Think-today's meaning thinks that the ancient meaning is, let go; Because, as

72. It belongs to the composition to remember. (The Story of Yueyang Tower)

Composition-Writing exercises in modern Chinese class: the ancient meaning of writing articles.

There are a lot of ancient Chinese words with the same ancient and modern glyphs but different meanings and usages, that is, ancient and modern synonyms.

For example, the word "go" in "Qiu Wei She Qu" meant "leave" in ancient times, and later it evolved into "go somewhere".

Pay attention to such words when reading classical Chinese.

The development of vocabulary is reflected in notional words, and the most remarkable thing is the ancient and modern changes of meaning. The differences between ancient and modern meanings, due to their different evolution, are roughly as follows:

semantic extension

For example, the words "Jiang", "He", "Huai" and "Han" in "Water travels from the ground, Jiang, Huai, He and Han" (Mencius) refer to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. "Jiang" and "He" were proper nouns in ancient times, but now they have been expanded into generic terms. Another example is "being bad for women" and "being good" ... being better for women ("Governing the Country by Ximen Bao"), which specifically refers to women's beauty and does not involve morality. Now, "goodness" can refer to all beautiful attributes, and can modify and limit people, things and things.

Word meaning narrowing

For example, the word "gold" in the synopsis of the golden chamber (Xunzi exhortation) used to refer to all metals, but now it refers to gold. For another example, "tile" refers to all pottery products in ancient times, but in modern times only "a building material for building roofs" is called "tile".

Word meaning transfer

Some words have different meanings from ancient times to the present, and their meanings have changed, that is, they have changed from expressing things A to expressing things B. For example, the "martyr" in "Martyr's Old Age is Full of Courage" ("Kamei Shoushou") used to refer to people with integrity and ambition, but now it refers to people who have dedicated themselves to the revolutionary cause; The "tears" in Crying Without Tears (Zhuangzi) refers to tears, but now it has shifted to "snot"; Another example is "smell", which originally refers to hearing, but now generally refers to "smell".

Emotional color change

For example, the word "humble" in "The First Emperor didn't treat his officials with meanness" ("Model") refers to low status, while "contemptible" refers to lack of knowledge, not derogatory. Now "meanness" refers to poor quality and has become a derogatory term.

Name declaration change

The appellation of some things in classical Chinese has become another way in modern Chinese. Only on certain occasions or in fixed phrases. For example, the idiom "illiterate" has now been changed to "eye"; The word "less" in "outnumbered" has been changed to "less".

Weakening of word meaning

For example, "very", the ancient meaning is fierce, and the degree of expression is very high and deep. The degree of expression is not so profound now. "Resentment", which used to refer to hatred and bitterness, now refers to complaining and blaming.

Semantic reinforcement

For example, "hate" means regret and dissatisfaction in ancient times, but it means hatred and resentment today. At first, "punishment" only meant blame, but later it was strengthened to mean "killing".

Praise the past and belittle the present.

For example, the ancient "slave" refers to the military attache or right-hand man, which belongs to the good sense. For example, Han Yu's "Book with Fengxiang and Xing Shangshu" says: "Now you are the favorite of the king and the minister of the country." . The "minions" in modern Chinese are "metaphors of bad guys' henchmen and accomplices", which is derogatory.

For example, in ancient times, "to preserve our sanity" was to understand things, see the current situation clearly, be good at avoiding threats and adapt to the environment, which was a commendatory term. For example, in the Book of Songs, "to preserve our sanity for health", and in modern Chinese, "to preserve our sanity" means not sticking to principles but only sticking to our own attitude towards life, which is derogatory.

For example, in ancient times, "muddleheaded" was used to describe people's seriousness as a compliment, such as Yang Xiong's "Fa Yan Wen God": "The book of Yu Xia is muddleheaded ... Zhou Shu is muddleheaded." The word "muddy" in the sentence means "vigorous" and "gloomy" means "serious". In modern Chinese, it is derogatory to describe ignorant people.

Such as: "despicable" ancient meaning: low status, shallow knowledge. Modern significance: low moral character, including derogatory meaning. Example: "A model": "The first emperor had no intention of being a minister".

Depress the past and praise the present.

For example, "goodness" in ancient times refers to paranoia and disobedience, which is derogatory, such as "Lin Daiyu enters Jia Fu": "Behavior is remote and perverse." In modern Chinese, it is used to describe obedient and peaceful people.

For example, the original meaning of "exercise" is "smelting". In ancient times, it was often used to refer to playing with the law and accusing Luo Zhi of framing people, which was derogatory. For example, "The Biography of Wei Biao in the Later Han Dynasty" said: "Loyalty and filial piety are near, and officials are close to the heart." However, in modern Chinese, it means to strengthen the body through physical exercise, cultivate a brave and witty character, or improve the quality and ability through productive labor and work practice, which becomes a commendatory term.

For example, "pungent" means fierce, outrageous and unreasonable in ancient times, which is derogatory. For example, "Water Margin" (the twelfth time): "(Niu Er) specializes in sprinkling pungent people in the street." In modern Chinese, it refers to bravery and courage, which is a compliment.

Name declaration change

Such as the ancient meaning of "city": buy. Example: "I would like to be a city pommel horse".

For example, the ancient meaning of "Xie" is a warning (there is also an explanation of apology).