In which dynasty was Zhuge Liang?

I hope it helps you. Zhuge Liang (181.4.14 ~ 234.8.28) was born in Yang Du (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), a Kongming native, Han nationality, and an outstanding prime minister in the Three Kingdoms period. When he was alive, he was named Wuxiang Hou, and he was called Zhong Wuhou.

Personal Information of Zhuge Liang (Tang Guoqiang) in the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Body: Eight feet long (about 184cm), with various manners and different characters (from Zhuge Liang Collection by Chen Shou, see the attached page of Biography of the Three Kingdoms).

Official position: the prime minister appointed a captain, Yizhou pastoral record, Shangshu holiday.

Title: Hou of Wuxiang

Ancestor: Zhuge Feng (a captain of Li Si in Han Dynasty)

Father: Zhuge Jue (Cheng of Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty)

Mother: Zhang

Uncle: Zhuge Xuan.

Spouse: Huang Yueying

Kinship: Zhuge Dan

Brothers: Zhu Gejin (brother) and Zhuge Jun (brother)

Children: Zhuge Zhan (parent-child) Zhuge Qiao (adopted son, former son) Zhuge Yun (fictional character)

Grandson; Zhuge Shang (see the eldest son) Zhuge Jing (see the second son) Zhuge Pan (son Joe, later sentenced to Zhuge Ke, copied the same door, so it belongs to Zhu Gejin)

Great-grandson: Zhuge Xian (Pan Zi)

Cultivate Nanyang

In the second year of Jian 'an (AD 197), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his younger brother are farming in Longzhong. Zhuge Liang loves to read Fu Liang's songs on weekdays, and often compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. At that time, people ignored him, and only friends Xu Shu, Cui, Shi Tao believed in his talent. Known as "Wolong". Make friends with Jingzhou celebrities such as Pang Degong and Huang. Huang once said to Zhuge Liang: "Wen Jun chooses his wife; Ugly girls with yellow heads and blackheads, but they are all worth matching. I heard that you want to choose a wife. There is an ugly girl in my family with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent can rival yours. ) "Zhuge Liang agreed to this marriage and immediately married her. At that time, people played it as a joke, and there was even a proverb in the village: "Don't choose a wife for Kong Ming, you will get an ugly girl."

Longzhongdui

At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed in Xinye. Later, I went to visit Si Mahui and heard him say, "Confucians and laymen, don't you know current events when you look at the cottage?" People who know the times care about Jie Jun. There are Wolong and Feng Chu. Those Confucian scholars are all people with shallow knowledge. How can they know the current situation? A hero is one who can understand current events and situations. At this time, only Wolong (Zhuge Liang) and Feng Chu (Pang Tong). Later, he was recommended by Xu Shu and wanted Xu Shu to introduce him. Xu Shu said, "This person can meet, but he can't compromise." The general should have left for nothing. This person can go to see him, but he can't condescend to it. The general should condescend to visit each other. )"

Liu Bei personally visited Zhuge Liang and saw Zhuge Liang three times (three times, another way of saying it is many times). Liu Bei told the others to avoid him and asked Zhuge Liang, "The Han Dynasty was destroyed, the traitor stole his life, and the Lord was covered with dust." Lonely, I don't want to believe (extend) the meaning above the world, but wisdom is short-lived, so I use it wildly. As for today. However, the ambition is not over yet, and you said that the plan will come out? Now that the Han Dynasty has declined, treacherous court officials are doing things under the guise of imperial edict. The emperor was forced to move the capital many times and suffered from wind and dust. I have no ability to measure my virtue and ability. I want to save the world with righteousness, but my wisdom and strategy are short-lived and insufficient, so I often fail today. But my ambition has not yet come true. Do you have any strategies to help me? ) "Liang replied:" Since Dong Zhuo came, there have been heroes, and countless people have crossed the state and even joined the county. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao has a small name and few people. However, Cao defeated Shao and took the weak as the strong, which not only suppressed the weather, but also suppressed others. Today, millions of Cao Cao are vassals with the emperor. This sincerity is indisputable. According to Sun Quan, he lived in Jiangdong for three generations, and the country was in danger of the people. He can use it. It can be used for aid, but not for profit. Jingzhou is bordered by Han and Mian in the north, benefiting from the South China Sea, Wu Hui in the east and Bashu in the west. This is a country that uses force, but its owner can't stay. This is almost heaven, so it is a general. Does the general care? Yizhou is a dangerous place, fertile land is thousands of miles away, and the land of abundance makes Gaozu emperor. Liu Zhang is weak, Zhang Lu is in the north, the people are rich but don't know how to keep shirts, and the wise think of the wise. The general is the emperor's palace, loyal to the monarch and commanding heroes, and thirsty for thinking of the wise. If he has advantages and interests, he will protect his rock resistance, make progress in the west and south, make good relations with Sun Quan outside and mend politics inside. If the world changes, order a general to send the army of Jingzhou to Wan and Luo, and the general will lead Yizhou people out of Qinchuan. How dare the people meet the general without eating pot pulp? If this is the case, hegemony will be realized and the Han family will prosper. " Zhuge Liang then told him the plan to divide the world into three parts, and analyzed the situation that Cao Cao was not desirable (relying on the emperor to be a vassal) and Sun Quan could help; It also expounds that Jing and Yi monarchies are weak, and only by owning these two States can they win, indicating the necessity and possibility of capturing these two States. He also told Liu Bei the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This theory was later called Longzhong Dui (Longzhong Dui is still controversial, it is said that Cao Lu Dui), and Liu Bei praised it even more, so Zhuge Liang began to serve Liu Bei. Liu Bei often talks with him, and the relationship is getting closer and closer. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were greatly displeased. Liu Bei explained to them: "There is Kong Ming in solitude and water in fish. May you say nothing. " Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stopped complaining.

Make a statement about crossing the river.

At that time, due to the influence of Liu Qi's stepmother, Liu Biao gradually became dissatisfied with Liu Qi. Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang for advice on self-defense several times, but Zhuge Liang often refused. At a banquet, Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang to tell him the solution by taking the ladder from home. Zhuge Liang asked Liu Qi, "Don't you know that Shen Sheng is in danger now and Zhong Er is safe outside? You were in danger if you didn't see Shen Sheng in the Spring and Autumn Period, but can Zhong Er (referring to Jin Wengong) be safe outside? ) "Liu Qi knew what he meant, but Huang Zu was killed by Sun Jun, and Liu Qi was recommended as Jiangxia Prefecture.

In August 2008, Liu Biao died of illness and his second son, Liu Cong, succeeded to the throne. Hearing the news that Cao Cao was going south, he sent messengers to surrender. After learning the news of Fancheng, Liu Bei led the army and civilians to flee to the south. Cao Jun chased Liu Jun in Changsaka, Dangyang, and Xu Shu's mother was captured by Cao Cao's army. Xu Shu had to surrender to Cao Cao. Before Liu Bei arrived at Xiakou, Sun Quan sent Lu Su to observe the situation and suggested to Liu Bei to ask Sun Quan for help. Zhuge Liang recommended himself to Chai Sang and made friends with Lu Su. After arriving in Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met Sun Quan and first gave Sun Quan two choices by dichotomy. "If you can compete with the people of wuyue and China, it is better to give up early. If we can compete with the people of wuyue and the Central Plains, it is better to break diplomatic relations with Cao Cao as soon as possible. )"; Another option is to use the provocation method. "If not, why not put the case in the north!" If you think you can't resist, why don't you stop military action and surrender to the north! "North" has a double meaning here: First, Cao Cao is in the north; The second is that when the monarch and the minister meet, the officials generally face the north. )"

Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang why Liu Bei didn't surrender. Zhuge Liang raised Liu Bei's social status, saying that Liu Bei had backbone and would never surrender to show Sun Bei's determination. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei had left to fight. Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. First, he said that there were 10,000 people in Guijun and Guan Yu's water army, and there were no fewer than 10,000 Jiangxia soldiers in Liu Qifan. Then he said that Cao Jun was exhausted from a long distance. He chased Liu Beishi and walked more than 300 miles a day and a night with a Qingqi. That is "a spent force, it is impossible to wear Lu Mao"; Moreover, northerners do not learn water warfare, and Jingzhou people are forced to obey Cao Cao, unconvinced; Finally, Cao's defeat is certain. Sun Quan was very happy, and then he was lobbied by Lu Su and Zhou Yu and decided to unite with Cao. Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and Lu Su were sent to lead 30,000 water troops to fight against Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang returned to Liu Bei with his army. 165438+ In October, Cao Cao defeated Chibi and returned to the north.

We should argue with a large number of Confucian scholars and refute the arguments.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao seized the emperor to make the princes, and most of the more powerful warlords were wiped out by him. Only Liu Bei and Sun Quan have the possibility of development and expansion, and Cao Cao knows that it is still difficult to annex these two forces at once. So Cao Cao sent people to Soochow with letters, trying to join hands with Sun Quan to destroy Liu Bei.

Most of Sun Quan's advisers advocated Cao Cao's self-protection, and only Lu Su advocated Liu Kang Cao. However, Lu Su knew that it was difficult to convince Sun Quan and the civil servants in Soochow, and specially invited Zhuge Liang to be a lobbyist.

Lu Su introduced Zhuge Liang to a group of advisers in Soochow. Zhang Zhao, the first counselor of Wudong, first made a fuss, saying: I heard that Liu Bei visited your home three times before inviting you out of the mountain, thinking that having you would be like fishing in troubled waters and trying to seize the nine counties of Jingxiang as the base. But Jing Xiang has been got by Cao Cao. What do you think?

Zhuge Liang thought that if Zhang Zhao was not stumped first, there would be no way to convince Sun Quanlian and Liu Kangcao. Zhuge Liang said: Liu Bei took Jingxiang's territory easily, but he didn't want to seize the inheritance of the same clan. Cao Cao took advantage of it. Now we are stationed in Jiangxia, and there are other grand plans. How do idle people know this? In matters of state affairs and social security, people with real talents and practical knowledge should come up with good ideas. The speaker, sitting and talking, can't figure out a way when he meets something, but he can only be laughed at by the whole world. In a word, Mr. Zhang was speechless.

Later, a counselor asked: Cao Cao stationed millions of troops and will list thousands of people. You say you're not afraid, you brag. Zhuge Liang replied: Liu Bei retreated to Xiakou and waited for an opportunity, but the soldiers had enough food and grass, and the Yangtze River had natural dangers to defend, but it was your shame to persuade Sun Quan to surrender to Cao.

The counselors of Soochow challenged Zhuge Liang one by one, as many as seven, and Zhuge Liang refuted them.

Adequate food, weapons and equipment

After Battle of Red Cliffs, in June+February, 65438, Liu Bei pacified the four counties in Jingnan, appointed Zhuge Liang as a military commander, lived in Lin Xuan, and ordered Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha counties to adjust taxes to enrich military assets. 2 1 1 year, Yizhou Pastoral Liu Zhang asked Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others guarded Jingzhou. In 65438+ February, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Shu to help out, leaving Guan Yu in charge of Jingzhou's defense, dividing troops to pacify counties and counties, and forming a capital with Liu Bei. By 2 14, Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei entered Yizhou.

Zhuge Liang received 500 Jin of gold, 50 million yuan of silver 1000 Jin, and 0/000 pieces of brocade/kloc-0, and was appointed as a strategist and general, in charge of the general's office. Every time Liu Bei sent troops to attack, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and providing Liu Bei with adequate food and clothing. For example, in the battle of Hanzhong, he provided resources for Liu Bei. In 220, Cao Pi usurped Han independence. In 22 1 year, ministers heard the news that Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty was killed, and advised Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to declare himself emperor. Liu Bei refused, and Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei with the story of Geng Chun lobbying Liu Xiu to be emperor. So Liu Beicai agreed to let Zhuge Liang remember the history of the prime minister and have a holiday. In the same year, Zhang Fei died and Zhuge Liang became a captain.

(usually a dying emperor) entrusted his youngest son to (usually a minister)

In August, 222, Liu Bei, an orphan entrusted by Bai Di, was defeated on the way to recapture Jingzhou in the Eastern Expedition and retreated to Yong 'an. Zhuge Liang lamented that Fa Zheng died of illness, otherwise Liu Bei's eastward expedition was blocked. In February 223, Liu Bei was seriously ill, called Zhuge Liang to Yong 'an, and entrusted Li Yan to handle the affairs. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to secure the world and achieve great things in the end. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If he is incompetent, you can bear it yourself. Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will be able to achieve great things in the end. If the adopted son (Liu Chan) can help, help him; If he has no talent, you can take it yourself. " Zhuge Liang said with tears: "I dare to report the Loyalty Day with my strength and then die! I will try my best to serve the faithful solar terms until I die! ) "Liu Bei asked Liu Chan to treat Zhuge Liang as his father.

In April, Liu Bei died, and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, making Zhuge Liang the marquis of Wuxiang and opening a yamen. Soon, Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang to take charge of Yizhou pastoral administration, and Zhuge Liang decided. It turned out that South China took the opportunity to rebel because of Liu Bei's crushing defeat. Zhuge Liang did not send troops because the country had just lost its monarch, but sent Deng Zhi and Kyle to Soochow to repair it.

south

Until the spring of 225, Zhuge Liang led the army south. Before he left, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Aliang a gold cymbal and a curved cover. He advocated one before and one after, with 60 warriors. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land (idiom: the barren land is today's northern border of Myanmar, bhamo) to crusade against Lv Yong and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang took the advice of joining the army in Ma Su, focusing on the policy. First, he defeated Lv Yong's army, then captured Meng Huo seven times, and settled the chaos in the world in autumn (see Zhuge Liang's southern expedition for details). After the Shu Han settled in the south and obtained some supplementary troops, after a long period of accumulation, they had the foundation of the Northern Expedition.

Northern expedition-Qishan exit 6

1. In the spring of 228 in the sixth year of lite, Zhuge Liang raised his voice in advance and took the Xiegu Road to get a reward, so that Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi set up suspected soldiers to attract Cao Zhen's heavy troops and led the army to attack Qishan (northwest of Xihe County, Gansu Province). Nan 'an, Tianshui and Anding counties in Longyou opposed Wei's attachment to Shu. Zhang He refused to break Ma Su in the street pavilion. Zhuge Liang pulled more than 1000 families back to Hanzhong from Xixian County. This is the first time out of Qishan.

2. In the winter of the same year (228), Zhuge Liang went out of Sanguan (now southwest of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) to surround Chencang (east of Baoji City) and returned to Hanzhong after running out of food. Wei Zhui was beheaded.

3. In the spring of 229, the seventh year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to attack Wudu (now Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and Yin Ping (now Wenxian County, Gansu Province). Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, led the troops to rescue, and the fire came out to Jianwei (west of Xihe County, Gansu Province), and Guo Huai retreated. Then I got two counties.

4. In the autumn of lite eight years (230), Wei Jun attacked Hanzhong, Sima Yi went to Xicheng (now northwest of Ankang County, Shaanxi Province), Zhang He went to Woods Valley, and Cao Zhen went to Gu Jie. Zhuge Liang was stationed in Chenggu (now east of Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province) and Akasaka (20 miles east of Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province). It rains thirty times, and Wei Jun retreats. In the same year (230), Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan and Wu to Qiang, and defeated Fei Yi, the Empress Wei, and Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, in Yangxi (in Nan 'an County, southwest of Wushan, Gansu).

5. In February of the 9th year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang led an army to attack Qishan, and began to use wooden cattle to move horses. When Cao Zhen was seriously ill, the Guanzhong commander Sima Yi refused. Zhuge Liang is cutting wheat in Shangguan (Tianshui County, Gansu Province). Sima Yi chased the light to Lucheng (between Tianshui City and Gangu) and dug a camp for self-defense, which was a mockery of "fearing Shu like a tiger". In May, Sima Yi fought Zhuge Liang, and Wei Yan and others will capture 3,000 enemy armour, 5,000 armour and 3,100 crossbows. In June, Li Yan called back because of poor grain transportation. Zhang He chased Liang to retreat to the wooden door and was shot dead by an arrow. This is the second time to leave Qishan.

6. In February of the 12th year of lite (234), Zhuge Liang led a great army out of Gu Jie Road. According to Wugong Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan South, Shaanxi Province), he settled in Weibin. Sima yi can't hold on. In August, Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan. Yang Yi and others led the army back, and there was a story about "Zhuge died and Zhong Dasheng was born".

These six times, only two times out of Qishan. The fourth is to defend, Shu and Wei don't fight.