What kind of terrier is Cerban?

It means: people who live a noble and luxurious life want to inadvertently reveal their superior life through some reverse expressions, which are generally used for teasing.

Versailles is a real city, and the Palace of Versailles in its territory is extremely exquisite and luxurious. Later, in her Weibo, blogger @ Little Milk Ball will share the superior dynamics of some people's lives by expressing their complaints and dissatisfaction in their circle of friends and asking themselves and answering questions. She called these people the roses of Versailles. She claimed that it was because she had seen a cartoon called "Roses of Versailles", which was very gorgeous and noble. Later, it was directly called Versailles.

For example, Versailles: My husband gave me a pink Lamborghini. This color is too straight. Hey, how can I tell him I don't like this color?

Versailles literature, an online buzzword, refers to the words that want to promote the first, belittle reality and praise, and seem to complain but actually show off. By euphemistically expressing complaints or dissatisfaction, I inadvertently revealed my desperation to the outside world.

The word comes from the comic book "The Rose of Versailles".

The satellite city of Versailles in Paris, France. The capital of Evelyn was once the administrative center of the French dynasty. Located in the southwest of Paris 15km. As an art city, Versailles is the pearl of French art, with magnificent palaces and gardens, and artistic interior furnishings and decorations. The ground floor is the Art Museum. This is also the place where French leaders meet foreign heads of state and envoys. It is a commercial and service center in the suburbs of Paris. It has the special functions of a conference city and a garrison camp, with troops, hospitals and military academies. The northern part of the city is a commercial and handicraft area, and the southern part is a noble residential area. VersaillesPalace is located in the town of Versailles, the capital of Evelyn province in the southwest suburb of Paris, France. It has been the French court of107 (1682-1789).

Original purpose

At first, in order to eliminate the separatist regime and rebellion danger of powerful French local nobles (such as Prince Conte's family), Louis XIV immediately concentrated the main nobles in Versailles after the completion of Versailles.

In the Middle Ages, Versailles was just a small village. It developed in17th century when Louis XIV built a palace, and became a gathering place for nobles all over France. /kloc-in the 0/8th century, new urban planning was implemented, churches, hotel facilities and schools were developed, and residential areas developed northward. On the eve of the French Revolution, it became the capital of the French dynasty. After the Great Revolution, the city once declined.

Versailles is a classical style building, and the facade is a standard classical three-stage treatment, that is, the facade is divided into vertical and horizontal sections, and the building is left and right.

It is said that the shape is neat and solemn, and it is called the representative of rational beauty. Its interior decoration is mainly baroque style, and a few halls are rococo style.

In front of the main palace is a unique "French" garden. The flowers and trees in the garden are ingenious and make people feel beautiful after seeing them. The gardens around the buildings are also world-famous. It has a completely different style from the classical imperial homestead forest in China. Completely hand-carved, paying great attention to symmetry and geometry.

If the appearance of Versailles gives people a magnificent feeling, then its interior furnishings and decorations are more artistic charm, and extremely luxurious interior decoration is a major feature of Versailles. More than 500 halls and small halls are resplendent and luxurious everywhere: the interior walls are mainly carved, huge oil paintings and tapestries, equipped with 17 and 18 century furniture with superb modeling and exquisite craftsmanship. The marble courtyard and the mirror hall are the two most prominent places. Besides the interior decoration mentioned above, the sun is also a common topic, because the sun is the symbol of Louis XIV. Sometimes it appears on the wall with weapons and armor. In addition to being decorated with human figures, the interior is also decorated with animal images such as lions, eagles and unicorns. Some also use metal to cast stair railings, and some metal fittings are also gold-plated, with various colors of marble, which is very brilliant. In addition to the semi-circular arch like a mirror hall, there are flat and semi-spherical domes on the ceiling, on which there are reliefs besides paintings. There are precious works of art from all over the world everywhere in the palace, including fine ancient porcelain in China.

However, the excessive pursuit of grand luxury in Versailles makes the living function extremely inconvenient. There is no toilet or toilet equipment in the palace, and even the prince has to pee in the fireplace in the bedroom; Louis XV also hated this bedroom very much, thinking that although it was spacious and luxurious, it was not warm. This is the shortcoming of Versailles.

1624, French king Louis XIII bought the forest, wasteland and swamp with an area of 117 mu near the original site of Versailles at the price of1Wan Li Foer, and built a two-story red brick building as a hunting palace. At that time, there were only 26 rooms in the Palace of Versailles. The first floor was the furniture storage room and armory, and the second floor was the king's office, bedroom, interview room, clothes storage room, staff bedroom and other rooms.

1660, French king Louis XIV visited Vaux-le-Vicomte Castle, the Chancellor of Finance of Fouquet, and was deeply impressed by the grandeur of its houses and gardens. At that time, the palace on the outskirts of Paris could not be compared with it. So, Louis XIV was angry at his failure to perform his duties, threw Fukai into the Bastille for corruption, and ordered André Le N? Tre) and the famous architect Louis Le Vau designed a new palace for it. At that time, Louis XIV had decided to move the royal court out of Paris, and Paris was chaotic and noisy because the citizens were constantly rioting against the royal rebellion. After investigation and weighing, he decided to build a new palace based on Louis XIII's hunting palace in Versailles and bought 6.7 square kilometers of land for this purpose. 1667, Lenotel designed the garden and fountain of Versailles, and Lovo built a new palace on the west, north and south sides of the hunting palace, surrounding the original hunting palace. The east facade of the former palace was reserved as the main entrance, and a marble courtyard was built. 1674, the architect Jules Hardouin Mansart took over the Versailles project from the lever. He added the south wing and north wing of the palace, the church, the orange orchard and the stables, and built three radial avenues in front of the palace. In order to attract residents to settle in Versailles, a large number of houses and office buildings were built in Versailles. In order to ensure the smooth construction of Versailles Palace, Louis XIV ordered that the use of stone materials in other new buildings be banned nationwide within 10 year.

1682 On May 6th, Louis XIV announced that he would move the French court from Paris to Versailles.

1688, the main project of Versailles was completed. 17 10, the construction of the entire palace and garden of Versailles was completed, and it immediately became the largest, grandest and most luxurious palace building in Europe, the aristocratic activity center, art center and the birthplace of cultural fashion in France and even Europe. At its peak, there were as many as 36,000 princes, grandmothers, princes and nobles, bishops, their attendants and servants living in the palace. There are 100 Swiss guards, Scottish guards, court police, 6,000 Wong Kar-wai teams, 4,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry stationed in Versailles. In order to accommodate his numerous "formal mistresses", Louis XIV also built the Grand Trianon Palace and the Marley Palace. During Louis XV and Louis XVI, the French king built the Little Trianon Palace and the Swiss farm. 1789 10 10 On October 6th, Louis XVI was taken to Paris by Parisians during the French Revolution and was beheaded by the guillotine. The history of Versailles as a French court ends here. During the subsequent period of revolutionary terror, Versailles Palace was repeatedly looted by the people. The furniture, murals, tapestries, chandeliers and furnishings in the palace were looted, and the doors and windows of the palace were also destroyed and demolished. From 65438 to 0793, the remaining artworks and furniture of Versailles were transported to the Louvre, another art treasure house in Paris, and Versailles was reduced to ruins.

1833, Louis Philippe of Orleans ordered the restoration of Versailles and turned it into a history museum.

But in any case, Versailles has always been a magnificent monument in the historical period of French feudal rule. From the content, it is not only a French court, but also the administrative center of the country, and it is also a concrete embodiment of the social and political views and lifestyle of France at that time. This is the first time since the ancient Roman Empire that Europe has demonstrated an authoritarian regime that can concentrate such huge manpower, material resources and financial resources. At that time, in order to build it, Louis XIV used more than 30 thousand workers, architects, engineers and technicians. In addition to solving complex technical problems in large-scale building construction, he must also solve various problems such as water diversion and roads. It can be seen that the success of Versailles strongly proved the progress of French economy and technology and the wisdom of working people at that time. From an artistic point of view, the magnificent appearance and strict garden design of Versailles Palace are the results of cultural classicism in the heyday of French feudal autocracy. For hundreds of years, almost all European royal gardens have followed its design ideas.

The architectural style of Versailles attracted the envy and imitation of monarchs in Russia, Austria and other countries. The Summer Palace built by Peter I on the outskirts of St. Petersburg, the Sch? nbrunn Palace built by Maria Tracy in Vienna, the Unintentional Palace built by Frederick II and Friedrich Wilhelm Ⅱ in Potsdam, and the Shemsey Castle in Heron built by King Ludwig II of Bavaria are all modeled after the palaces and gardens of Versailles.

From 1682 to 1789, French political and diplomatic decisions were made at the Palace of Versailles, which became the de facto capital of France. In order to show the majesty of kingship, Louis XIV and Louis XV often held spectacular ceremonies, parties, dances, hunting and other entertainment activities in the palace.

175 1 year, the fireworks party held by Louis XV to celebrate the birth of his eldest grandson, duke of burgundy, consumed 660,000 livres of fireworks. 1770 Louis XV's wedding for the prince cost 9 million livres. In its heyday-late Louis XV and early Louis XVI, the cost of maintaining Versailles accounted for a quarter of France's income. However, these activities have achieved certain results: before Louis XIV ascended the throne, the powerful, dissatisfied and rebellious French big noble was corrupted by extravagant court life, and even took pride in being invited to live in the palace, competing to imitate the manners and costumes of the king and the palace for fear of losing the king's favor.

1789 On June 20th, after the venue of the French National Assembly was closed, the third-level representatives and some lower-level monks and radical nobles gathered in the indoor tennis court of Versailles Palace and signed the famous tennis court declaration, vowing never to dissolve unless a written constitution was made for France.

1870 during the Franco-Prussian War, Versailles was occupied by Prussian troops. 187 1 year 1 month 18 king William I of Prussia was crowned emperor of the German Empire in the mirror hall, and a preliminary peace treaty was signed with France at Versailles on February 26th of the same year. After that, the thiers government in Versailles planned to suppress the Paris Commune.

1965438+On June 28th, 2009, the Allies of World War I signed the Treaty of Versailles with Germany in the Mirror Hall. 1920 On June 4th, the peace treaty with Trianon of the Kingdom of Hungary was signed in Grand Trianon Palace.

From 65438 to 0937, Versailles was opened to the public as a museum of history. The French President and Prime Minister have held many foreign affairs activities in palaces and gardens, held international conferences and signed international treaties.

The main landscape of Versailles is concentrated on the second floor of the main building and the garden.

Indoor hall

Marble Courtyard: The main entrance of Versailles is surrounded by Little Square on three sides. The central building used to be the hunting palace in Louis XIII, but it was rebuilt in the period of Louis XIV, retaining the original red brick walls and adding marble sculptures and gilded decorations. The courtyard floor is decorated with red marble. The first floor of the courtyard is Marie Antoinette's private room and salon, and the second floor is the king's bedroom.

Salon d'Hercule: Located at the junction of the northeast corner and the north wing on the second floor of the main building, connecting Zhonglu Palace, the north wing and the Wangs Church. In the era of Louis XIV, this was the chapel of the royal family, which was later changed to the reception hall of the king.

Salon de l'Abondance: It is located in the west of Hercules Hall, and in the north is the Ladon Fountain in the garden. The harvest hall in front of the stairs is the main entrance to the palace to see the king. There are king's medals and treasures in the hall.

Jinxingtang: Also known as Jinxingtang. It's on the west side of the harvest hall. In Louis XIV's time, there was a billiard table and a set of furniture made of sterling silver and carved with great care. These furniture were later melted and cast into silver coins to make up for the expenses of the Spanish succession war.

Di Anna Hall: Also known as luna Hall, it is located on the north side of the second floor of the main building and on the west side of Jinxing Hall, and its four walls are decorated with all kinds of exquisite porcelain.

Mars Mythology Hall: Also called Mars Hall or Mars Hall, it is located in the west of Di Anna Hall. Audland's oil painting "The God of War Drives the Wolf and Controls the Chariot" hangs on the ceiling. There are marble platforms at both ends of the fireplace in the hall, and billiards tables have been arranged. King Bourbon often holds court concerts or gambling cards here.

Mercury Hall: Also known as Mercury Hall or Imperial Bed Hall, it is located in the west of Mars Mythology Hall. There is a big bed in the hall, surrounded by silver railings, and a big closet of pure silver. The wall is surrounded by gold and silver tapestries. Louis XIV's youngest son, Duke of Anjou (who later became King Philip V of Spain), once lived here.

Apollo Hall: Also known as Apollo Hall, it is the throne hall of the French king. The layout is extremely luxurious and beautiful, with gold-plated carved bas-reliefs on the ceiling, velvet trimmed with crimson gold and silver wires on the walls, and a throne cast in pure silver in the center, 2.6 meters high, located on a high platform covered with crimson Persian carpets. Because Louis XIV called himself "the king of the sun", the main halls of Versailles were named after the planets around the sun. Corresponding to the location of the lobby on the second floor, on the north side of the first floor is the suite where the French princess lives.

Salon de la Guerre: in the northwest corner of the main building, west of Apollo Hall, facing the garden in the north and west, and leading to the mirror hall in the south. The hall was decorated by Sha Meng and lebrun, mainly oil paintings reflecting Louis XIV's achievements in conquering Spain, Germany and Holland. Above the gilded fireplace is a relief statue of Louis XIV riding a horse.

Galerie des glaces: Also known as the Mirror Gallery, it is located in the south of the War Hall, facing the west garden. The most famous hall of Versailles was converted from an open-air gallery. It is 76m long,13m high and10.5m wide. On one side is the 17 huge floor-to-ceiling glass window facing the garden, and on the other side is a huge mirror composed of more than 400 mirrors. The floor of the hall is carved with fine wood, the walls are decorated with lavender and white marble veneer, and the pillars are green marble. The stigma, column foot and retaining wall are all gold-plated with brass, and the theme of the pattern is to spread the wings of the sun to show respect for Louis XIV. There are 24 huge Bohemian crystal chandeliers on the ceiling, and there are oil paintings praising Sun Wanggong's virtues. There are four doors leading to the king's bedroom in the east center of the hall. In the Louis XIV era, the furniture of the mirror gallery and the decoration of the bonsai of flowers and trees were all made of pure silver, and grand masquerade balls were often held here.

Salon de la Paix: Located in the southwest corner of the main building, south of the mirror hall, it is a square hall with similar decorative style, but the theme of oil painting on the fireplace is "Louis XV creates peace". The hall is decorated with Roman emperors, lions and the national emblems of France and Navarra.

King Suite: Located in the east of the main building, in the old hunting palace in Louis XIII. In the middle is the king's bedroom, which has a golden red brocade queen bed and an embroidered canopy, surrounded by gold-plated guardrails, and a huge relief on the ceiling entitled "France guards the king to sleep". This is the political activity center of Versailles Palace, where wake-up ceremony, early pilgrimage, late pilgrimage and welcoming ceremony are held. There is a small conference room in the north and a bull's-eye hall in the south of the bedroom, which is named after the bull's-eye skylight above the door leading to the king's bedroom. It is a place where princes, nobles and ministers wait to meet. To the east of the Bull's Eye Hall are the waiting room and the guard room. Queen's Suite: Located on the south side of the main building, it includes seven rooms, including the queen's bedroom, the queen's private room, the queen's waiting room, the ladies' retirement room and the queen's guard room. Downstairs of the Queen's Suite is Dove Apartment.

Theater: Built by Louis XV, located in the north wing. The designer is Ange Jaak Gabriels. The theater is 26 meters deep and 22 meters wide and can accommodate 750 spectators. Its lighting needs more than 3000 candles. 1789 10 2. The theater held its last performance to commemorate the Flanders Guard recruited by Louis XVI to protect the palace. 187 1 During the Paris Commune, the national conference of the Versailles government was located here.

Church: Built at 1700, at the southern end of the north wing complex. Louis XIV claimed that the church was dedicated to St. Louis. Louis XIV built Versailles to surpass Spain's Escurial Palace (a complex of monasteries and palaces) in momentum, but did not arrange the church on the main axis, reflecting that in France during Louis XIV's period, kingship was higher than theocracy. Louis XV, Crown Prince Louis, Louis XVI, Earl of Provence (Louis Stanislas Xavier) and Earl of artois (Charles X) all married in this church.

War Gallery: In the south wing building complex. This used to be the residence of princes and nobles. Many war-themed paintings were exhibited, such as Napoleon Crossing the Alps, The Great Victory of Puati, The Battle of Rivoli, Henry IV Entering Paris and so on.

Garden: The existing area is 100 hectare, with Poseidon Fountain as the center, Ladon Na Fountain on the north side of the main building, and orange garden and greenhouse on the south side of the main building. There are 1400 fountains and a cross-shaped artificial grand canal with a length of 1.6 km in the park. During the period of Louis XIV, sailing boats were arranged on the canal for naval performances, or gondola and boatmen were arranged to imitate the scenery of the Venetian Canal. In addition, there are forests, flower paths, greenhouses, colonnades, temples, villages, zoos and many scattered marble statues.

Grand Trianon Palace: Louis XIV built it in 1687 for his mistress, farmer Mante, with only one floor and simple interior decoration. During the period of Louis XIV, the king sometimes got tired of the luxurious Palace of Versailles and would live here. Napoleon lived here from 1805 to 18 15.

Little Trianon Palace: Louis XV built it for his queen. As a typical classical style building, the main room has a big salon, a small salon, a studio, a bedroom and a dressing room. Nearby is a Swiss farm built by Louis XVI for Queen Marie Antoinette, with huts, mills and sheepfolds. The queen often plays here dressed as a country shepherdess.

Outdoor garden landscape

The existing area is about 100 hectare, which is one of the famous classical gardens in France. The whole garden of Versailles is designed with "axis", and the building is integrated into the landscape layout of the whole garden. In the main landscape structure of the whole park, a large number of static waterscapes such as canals and canals are applied on the flat terrain. These mirror-like regular water surfaces add a vast and far-reaching momentum to the whole park.

The topography of Versailles is not as changeable as that of terraced gardens in Italy, but a lot of gentle slopes and micro-topographic changes are used. Pay more attention to the delicate gardening techniques. Especially in the construction of its main shaft, the terrain change with little height difference has produced a soothing visual effect. The criss-crossing topographic slopes, pools and canals make use of the optical illusion in a precise scale. It shows a very strong outward extension, highlighting the infinity of vast space. Completed the perfect transition from architecture to nature.

In some local garden nodes, rich terrain changes have been created, and more attention has been paid to the creation of landscape styles and landscape characteristics of different small gardens on both sides of the main axis. There is a 1400 fountain in the park for people to enjoy. A cross-shaped artificial grand canal with a length of 1.6km attracts attention. During the period of Louis XIV, sailing boats were arranged on the canal for naval battles, or gondola and boatmen were arranged by imitating the scenery of the Venetian Canal.

entrance ticket

Joint ticket (including the main attractions of Versailles): 25 euros/person.

Versailles: 65438+ 15 euros per person over 08 years old, and 0/3 euros per person after 03: 30 pm; Free visit from June 1 1 to the first Sunday in March of the following year; Students and people under 18 are free.

Tyranon Garden: above 18, 5 euros/person, admission after 03: 30 pm, 3 euros/person, free for students, disabled people and below 18.

Touring car museum, 2 euros per person above 18, free for students and people below 18.

Garden, room Jeu de Paume, free admission.

Business?Hours?

Versailles: July 4th to1October 30th from 09: 00 to 18: 30, and the final admission time is18: 00;

1 1 10/March 3 1 09: 30 to 17: 30, and the final admission time is17: 00;

In addition, Mondays, public holidays and official ceremonies are closed to the public. Special Agricultural Park: from July 4th to June 30th, 65438+1October 30th, 12: 00 to 19: 30, and the last bus admission time is18: 00;

1 1 10/March 31June 5438+02: 00 to 17: 30.

Garden:111March 3 1 8 am to sunset, April1April10/October 3/kloc-0.

The Touring Car Museum is open to the public from 09: 00 to 10 at 8: 30 every April.

Jeu de Paume Room is open from April 1 to1October 30th 12: 30 to 18: 30 every year.

You can buy tickets for the Palace of Versailles and SNCF (French national railway company), valid for 1 day, and take the train to the Palace of Versailles at St. lazare Railway Station and Mon panas Railway Station. Tickets and fares: from Paris to Versailles, tickets and round-trip tickets are 2 1. 15 euros per person; Tickets and round-trip tickets from Zone 2 and Zone 3 to Versailles are 24.7 euros/person; Tickets and round-trip tickets from Zone 4 to Versailles are 25.6 euros/person; Tickets and round-trip tickets from Zone 5 to Versailles are 27.2 euros/person; Tickets and round-trip tickets from Zone 6 to Versailles are 28.8 euros per person; /kloc-Tickets under 0/8 are free.

Because there are three railway stations in Versailles, VERSAILLESCHANTIERS, DROITS of Versailles and rivegauche of Versailles. As long as you can find the trains that can reach these three stations on the traffic map, you can visit Versailles.

In addition, if you drive, you can also get there by taking the A 13 Expressway.